名校版高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題 時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)

名校版高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)(一)一般時(shí)態(tài)1．一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式：do/does用法：表示現(xiàn)在的經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)；表述客觀(guān)真理及存在；表示按時(shí)間表擬定或安排好的事情。2．一般過(guò)去時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式：did用法：表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，也表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。一般過(guò)去時(shí)只強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去。3．一般將來(lái)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式：①will/shall＋動(dòng)詞原形；②be(am/is/are)goingto＋動(dòng)詞原形；③be(am/is/are)aboutto＋動(dòng)詞原形/be(am/is/are)onthepointof＋動(dòng)名詞；④be(am/is/are)to＋動(dòng)詞原形用法：表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，或?qū)?lái)某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。4．過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式：①should/would＋動(dòng)詞原形；②was/were(going/about)to＋動(dòng)詞原形用法：表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間來(lái)看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。(二)進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式(以do為例)用法現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/aredoing①說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)正在發(fā)生的事②現(xiàn)階段正在發(fā)生的事③與always等連用表示贊揚(yáng)、厭煩等語(yǔ)氣過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/weredoing①過(guò)去某一階段正在發(fā)生的事②表示委婉語(yǔ)氣③過(guò)去某一時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的事將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)will/shallbedoing將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間里正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作(三)完成時(shí)態(tài)1．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式：have/hasdone用法：①到現(xiàn)在為止已發(fā)生或完成且對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響；②從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在；③用于特定句型中，如Thisisthefirsttimethat...等。2．過(guò)去完成時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式：haddone用法：①到過(guò)去某一時(shí)間之前已完成，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”；②從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻一直延續(xù)到另一個(gè)過(guò)去時(shí)間；③用于特定句型中，如Thiswasthefirsttimethat...等。3．將來(lái)完成時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式：willhavedone用法：將來(lái)完成時(shí)表示到將來(lái)某一時(shí)間，某一動(dòng)作將會(huì)完成。(四)各種時(shí)態(tài)下的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成(以do為例)現(xiàn)在時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí)將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)一般式am/is/aredonewas/weredonewill/shallbedonewould/shouldbedone進(jìn)行式am/is/arebeingdonewas/werebeingdone完成式have/hasbeendonehadbeendonewill/shallhavebeendonewould/shouldhavebeendone[集訓(xùn)中明晰考點(diǎn)](1)對(duì)于一般時(shí)態(tài)的考查以其基本用法為主；(2)主將從現(xiàn)：主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句、條件狀語(yǔ)從句、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句一般要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；(3)一些特定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)往往能夠決定句子用何種時(shí)態(tài)。如：every＋時(shí)間段，sometimes,usually,onSunday等常和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)連用；...ago,theotherday,in2018,lastweek,justnow等常和一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用；tomorrow,nextweek,in＋一段時(shí)間等常和一般將來(lái)時(shí)連用?？键c(diǎn)1一般時(shí)態(tài)1.Youcan'thelpwonderinghowhardit________(be)forthepeoplethentoputallthoserocksintoplace.解析：was本句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，連接副詞how引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。從句的主語(yǔ)是it，句中缺少謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，同時(shí)結(jié)合句中時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)then可知，此處應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填was。2.We________(hire)ourbikesfromtherentalplaceattheSouthGate.Mybikewasoldandshakybutdidthejob.解析：hired分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，hire應(yīng)在句中作謂語(yǔ)。下一句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞was和did使用了過(guò)去時(shí)，故空處需用過(guò)去時(shí)。故填hired。3.Thestudyfoundthatbetween1985and2017,averageruralBMIincreasedby2.1inwomenandmen.Incities,however,thegain________(be)1.3inwomenand1.6inmen.解析：was此處是在講1985年至2017年間城市中人們的BMI值增加的情況，是描述過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，且上一句使用了一般過(guò)去時(shí)，空處所在句也應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故填was。4.AfterLincolnwaselectedPresidentoftheUSin1861,theyrentedthehouseand________(sell)mostoftheirfurniture.解析：sold句意：1861年林肯當(dāng)選美國(guó)總統(tǒng)后，他們出租了房子，并賣(mài)掉了大部分家具。這里描述的是過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，由并列謂語(yǔ)rented可知此處應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填sold。5.“Thisreallyexcitesscientists，”CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says，“becauseit____________(mean)wehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoonisconstructed.”解析：means根據(jù)直接引語(yǔ)中的excites,have可知，此處表述的是客觀(guān)情況，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；主語(yǔ)是it，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式?？键c(diǎn)2進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)(1)考查以基本用法為主；(2)常和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)連用的一些特定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有now,atpresent,atthismoment等；常和過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有atthatmoment,thistimeyesterday,thewholemorning等；常用的過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)句型有bedoing...when...結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“正在做……，這時(shí)(突然)……”。1.Mymother________(put)hergroceriesintoshoppingbagswhenastrangercameuptoher.解析：wasputting本題考查bedoing...when...結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“正在做……，這時(shí)(突然)……”。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中came，可知此處應(yīng)用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。故填wasputting。2.Susanhadquitherwellpaidjoband________(work)asavolunteerintheneighborhoodwhenIvisitedherlastyear.解析：wasworking句意：去年“我”去看望蘇珊的時(shí)候，她已經(jīng)辭去了那份高薪的工作，正在社區(qū)做志愿者。根據(jù)句意可知，此處強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，因此用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。3．ForthepastfourdaysI________(take)partinadisabilityartsfestivalasamemberofachoir(合唱團(tuán))setupspeciallytoperformatthisfestival.解析：havebeentaking此處強(qiáng)調(diào)“一直在參加”，用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。(1)一些特定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)往往能夠決定句子用何種時(shí)態(tài)。如：bytheendoflastyear,beforeIcamehere等常和過(guò)去完成時(shí)連用；during/in/overthelast(past)fewyears(months,weeks...),inrecentyears,sofar,uptonow等常和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用；(2)by引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)規(guī)律：by＋過(guò)去時(shí)間，句子用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；by＋將來(lái)時(shí)間，句子用將來(lái)完成時(shí)；by＋現(xiàn)在時(shí)間(now)，句子用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。(3)it'sthefirsttimethat后面從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；itwasthefirsttimethat后面從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)?？键c(diǎn)3完成時(shí)態(tài)1.Itdoesn'timpresslikeGeorgeWashington'splantationonthePotomac,butLincoln'shomeindowntownSpringfield,Illinois,________(prove)irresistibletovisitorssinceitopenedtothepublic.解析：hasproved/hasproven根據(jù)后面的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句“sinceitopenedtothepublic”可知，此處要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。由句子的主語(yǔ)Lincoln'shome可知，助動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用has，故填hasproved/hasproven。2.We________(do)quiteenoughworkforthemorning;nowlet'stakeabreak.解析：havedone根據(jù)后半句“nowlet'stakeabreak”可知，做很多工作這件事情是從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間開(kāi)始一直到現(xiàn)在，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。3.Byabout6000BC,people________(discover)thebestcropstogrowandanimalstoraise.解析：haddiscovered根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Byabout6000BC(到大約公元前6000年)可知，空格處的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，故填haddiscovered。4.Thenumberofmedicalschoolsreached18intheearly1990sand________(remain)aroundthatleveleversince.解析：hasremained句意：醫(yī)學(xué)院的數(shù)量在20世紀(jì)90年代早期達(dá)到了18所，自那以來(lái)一直保持在這個(gè)數(shù)量左右。根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)eversince(自從……以來(lái))可知，需用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，而句子主語(yǔ)是Thenumberofmedicalschools，所以謂語(yǔ)用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)。考點(diǎn)4被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1.It________(build)originallytoprotectthecityintheTangdynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored(修復(fù))．解析：wasbuilt分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處在句中作謂語(yǔ)，與主語(yǔ)it之間構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；再根據(jù)originally可知，此處描述的是過(guò)去的情況，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。2.Thelittlehome________(paint)white.Itwassweetandfresh.解析：waspaintedThelittlehome與動(dòng)詞paint之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，再根據(jù)“Itwassweetandfresh.”可知此處要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。3.Itiscalculatedbydividingaperson'sweightinkgbytheirheightinmeterssquared,andaBMIofbetween19and25________(consider)healthy.解析：isconsidered分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此空是句子的謂語(yǔ)；根據(jù)前半句的Itis可判斷時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，且根據(jù)句意“19到25之間的BMI(體重指數(shù))被認(rèn)為是健康值”可知，BMI與consider之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。4.Currently,about35,000works________(display)inover300roomsintheLouvre,anditwouldtakealifetimetoseeeverything.解析：arebeingdisplayed根據(jù)上文“Currently(目前)”可知，應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)；display與主語(yǔ)works之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。[自測(cè)中查漏補(bǔ)缺]Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Theartistwassurehewould

be_chosen

(choose)，butwhenhepresentedhismasterpiecetotheemperor'schiefminister,theoldmanlaughed.2.Peopletendtofocusonthefirstfactor.However,greaterattentionshould

be_placed

(place)onlongevity(長(zhǎng)壽)．3.Thisiswhydecoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowers

carries

(carry)specialsignificance.4.The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,

formed

(form)thecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseumwhichopenedin1759.5.Whenheaskedthevillagersonthebanksoftheriverwherehecouldfindthelegendary(傳奇的)artist,theysmiledand

pointed

(point)downtheriver.6.Onthelastdayofourweeklongstay,we

were_invited

(invite)toattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars,listeningtomusiciansandmeetinginterestinglocals.7.IlovecominghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsI

have_made

(make)overtheyears.8.I

was_driving

(drive)downtoLondonwhenIsuddenlyfoundthatIwasonthewrongroad.Ⅱ.完成句子1．Ifit

doesn't_rain,_we'llgoonapicnicasplanned.如果不下雨，我們將按計(jì)劃去野餐。2．Weoften

went_out_for_a_walk

aftersupperwhenwelivedinthecountryside.我們?cè)卩l(xiāng)下住的時(shí)候經(jīng)常晚飯后出去散步。3．She

is_leaving_early

tomorrow.(leave)明天她要早動(dòng)身。4．Greatchangesineveryfield

have_taken_place

inthelasttenyears.在過(guò)去10年里各領(lǐng)域都發(fā)生了巨大的變化。5．WhenmyEnglishteachertoldmethatI

had_been_chosen_as_a_competitor,_Idevotedmyselftothepreparations.當(dāng)我的英語(yǔ)老師告訴我我被選為參賽者時(shí)，我專(zhuān)心于準(zhǔn)備工作。Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空Weallknowcleanwaterisimportantforgoodhealth.Butnowwealsoknowweshouldwatch__1__wekeepourwaterin.Plasticbottleshardenedwithadangerousmaterial__2__(call)BPAcanreleaseachemicalintoourwaterthatharmsourbodies.Since2011,manycountries__3__(ban)plasticwithBPAfromuseinfoodcontainersandfeedingbottles.ButareothernonBPAplasticssafe?PlasticlabeledBPAfreemightuseotherchemicalsthathave__4__(harm)effectsonhealth.__5__(study)haveshownthatlowlevelsofthosechemicalsmighthavethesameeffectsasBPA.So,whatshouldpeopledo?The__6__(good)materialtodrinkfromisglass,__7__hasnochemicalsthatcanpoisonwater.Anothergoodchoice__8__awatercontainerisastainlesssteel(不銹鋼)bottle.Stainlesssteelbottlesarebetterthanaluminum(鋁)bottles,whicharecoveredwiththinplastic__9__(protect)themetalfromacids(酸).Therearemanygoodfoodgradestainlesssteelwaterbottlesonthemarket.Ifyoudodecidetouseareusableplasticwaterbottle,avoid__10__(keep)itinthesun.Sunlightandhotliquidspeedupt