高中英語語法-時態(tài)語態(tài)精講課件

時態(tài)語態(tài)時態(tài)將來過去現(xiàn)在一般完成進(jìn)行完成進(jìn)行現(xiàn)在一般現(xiàn)在時do現(xiàn)在完成時havedone現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時isdoing現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時havebeendoing過去一般過去時did過去完成時haddone過去進(jìn)行時wasdoing過去完成進(jìn)行時hadbeendoing將來一般將來時willdo將來完成時willhavedone將來進(jìn)行時willbedoing將來完成進(jìn)行時willhavebeendoing過去將來過去將來時woulddo過去將來完成時wouldhavedone過去將來進(jìn)行時wouldbedoing過去將來完成進(jìn)行時wouldhavebeendoing過去進(jìn)行時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時將來進(jìn)行時過去完成時現(xiàn)在完成時將來完成時現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去式一般將來時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時過去進(jìn)行時將來進(jìn)行時現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時將來完成時過去將來時現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時一般現(xiàn)在時Hegoestoschoolatsixeveryday.經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性often,usually,everyday,neverEnglandandFranceareseparatedbytheEnglishChannel.Theearthmovesaroundthesun.現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)、特征或普遍真理和事實(shí)PeaceTalksFall.Owenshoots,buttheballhitsthepost.Thestoryissetinthespringof2003.書報標(biāo)題球賽現(xiàn)場報導(dǎo)小說Pridegoesbeforeafall.Somethingisbetterthannothing.格言WhenIgraduate,I’llgotothecountryside.

時間狀語從句Ifyoucomethisafternoon,we’llhaveameeting.

條件狀語從句現(xiàn)在表將來Makesureallthewindowsareclosedbeforeyouleave.Besureyoufinishittoday.Seetoitthatthedoorisfastenedbeforeyougotobed.makesure,besure,seeto(it),makecertain,takecare(that)+從句（一般現(xiàn)在時）Thetrainleavesatnineinthemorning.“Whendoesthebusstart?”“Itstartsintenminutes.”往返位移：arrive,come,drive,fly,go,leave,move,return,ride,sail開始結(jié)束：begin,close,end,open,start,stop按計(jì)劃、時間要發(fā)生的動作Hesayshecan’twaitanylonger.Myfriendstellmethatyou’vebeenunwell.Ihearyouwantasecretary.現(xiàn)在表過去say,tell,hear,learn轉(zhuǎn)述Itis+一段時間+since從句ItistenyearssinceImovedtoShanghai.現(xiàn)在表完成一般過去時HesawMr.Wangyesterday.Heworkedinafactoryin1986.Jackwrotetenlettersthismorning.過去某時間發(fā)生的且已完成的動作HelivedinParisuntilhewasten.WelivedjustoutsideOxfordinthenineties,butwedidn’thaveacar.在過去存在或持續(xù)了一段時間的某種狀態(tài)Herodeahorsetoschooleverydaywhenhewasachild.EverymorningItookawalkwhenIwasinthecountryside.過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或多次反復(fù)的行為IusedtoplaychesswhenIwasatschool.DuringthevacationIwouldswiminthesea.Theredidn’tusetobeanycrimearoundhereintheolddays.(usedto可用于描寫過去的狀態(tài)）usedtodowoulddoEdisonwasagreatinventor.Jackwasacrippleallhislife.對已去世的人的情況描述It’stimeyouhadaholiday.Iwishyoulivedclosertous.I’dratheryoudiditnow.虛擬語氣：過去表現(xiàn)在Didyoueverseealion?Sheneverheardsuchabeautifulsongbefore.與ever,never,once連用，表示過去的經(jīng)驗(yàn)一般將來時Theweatherwillbegoodtomorrow.Lookatthoseblackclouds.Itwilldefinitelyrainlater.(預(yù)測的將來）Oh!Ourguestsarehere.I’llgoandsortoutsomedrinksforthem.（意愿的將來）I’llbesixteenyearsoldnextmonths.（將來的事實(shí)）Ifwegoonlikethat,we’llloseallourmoney.Lookatthoseblackclouds.Itisgoingtorain.Wearegoingtohaveameetingtoday.Whenhecomes,Iwillgivehimyourmessage.

(amgoingto)×begoingtodoThePresidentistoholdanofficialreceptionforthevisitors.Theboyistogotoschooltomorrow.betodoIfamanistosucceed,hemustworkveryhard.IfBritishtennisistoreachworldstandardagain,bothmoremoneyandmoremoneycommitmentwillbenecessary.Therepairsareduetostarton26thMay.I’mduetograduateinthenexthalfoftheyear.beduetodoComeon!Thecheck-indeskisabouttoclose.Ladiesandgentlemen.Pleasetakeyourseats.Theperformanceisabouttostart.beabouttodoWewereonthepointoftelephoningyouwhenyourtelegramarrived.Theyarelikelytoarrivebeforesix.Thenewtimetableissuretoannoysomeoftheteacherswhentheyseeit.beonthepointofdoingbelikelytodobesuretodo現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時Theyareplayingtennisnow.Itisstillrainingoutside.Myfootishurtingandmybackisaching.現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動作某些體感動詞的持續(xù)狀態(tài)Heisjumpingwithjoy.Someoneisknockingatthedoor.少數(shù)瞬間動詞用進(jìn)行時表示不斷重復(fù)的動作She’sstayinginmyhousethistime.Idon’treallyworkhere;Iamjusthelpingoutuntilthenewsecretaryarrives.少數(shù)動詞用進(jìn)行時表示一個人的臨時行為live,work,study,stay,helpI’mfeedingtheneighbor'scatthisweekwhileshe’sinhospital.Jack’shavingatoughtimeattheofficeatthemomentandhe’ssmokingaboutfiftycigarettesaday.在一個特定的時間段內(nèi)反復(fù)進(jìn)行的事情Weareleavingheretomorrow.Theyaregettingmarriednextmonth.We’reseeingamusicalatthetheatresometimenextweek.TheComputerCityhasannouncedthatitisopeningfournewshopsnextmonth.根據(jù)安排最近將來要出現(xiàn)的情況開始、終結(jié)、往來go,come,arrive,leavemove,stay,return,land,takeoffbegin,end,start,stop,close,opendie,drive,fall,fly,travelSheisalwayscomplaining.Heisforeverfindingfaultwithme.Thepostmanisalwaysputtingyourlettersintomyletter-box.與always,constantly,continually,forever連用表達(dá)某種感情色彩不滿意、不耐煩Doyouhearwhatsheissaying?YouknowI’mtellingthetruth.表示離現(xiàn)在較近的過去WhenIsaysomebodyislazy,I’mnotreferringtoyou.Ifyouclimbmountainsinsuchbadweather,youareaskingfortrouble.用于解釋或歸納前面說的話Areyoufeelingbettertoday?I’mhopingyouwillcome.I’mtellingyouthetruth.Youaredoingfineworkatschool.表示“關(guān)切”、“禮貌”、“強(qiáng)調(diào)”、“贊美”underdiscussionunderwayunderconstructionunderrepairundermedicaltreatment不用于進(jìn)行時態(tài)的動詞be,consist,contain,exist,remain存在belongto,have(own),include,lack,possess擁有desire,despite,detest,dislike,envyhate,like,love,need,pity,prefer,trust,want,wish心理情感靜態(tài)動詞believe,doubt,expect,forget,imagine,intend,know,realize,recognize,remembersuppose,understand思想信念appear,resemble,seem,concerndepend,deserve,fit,mattermean,mind其它I’mhavingareallygoodtime,thanks.Yoursonisbeingveryobedientatthemoment.用于進(jìn)行時態(tài)成為非靜態(tài)動詞表達(dá)不同含義強(qiáng)調(diào)一個臨時行為Onbehalfofthecompany,Iapologizeforanyinconveniencecaused.第一人稱動詞

accept,apologize,congratulate,declaredeny,disagree,forbid,forgiveguarantee,insist,invite,orderpredict,promise,recommendrefuse,suggest,thank,warn表實(shí)施行為，而非描述動作過去進(jìn)行時In1980hewasstudyinginauniversity.HewasreadinganovelwhenIcamein.過去某一時刻、某一階段正在進(jìn)行的動作DuringmytrainingIwasearningalotlessthanmywife.Hissymptomswerebecomingmorepronouncedeachday.行為短暫強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的不斷變化和發(fā)展DarknesswasfallingoverthecitywhenIcamebackhome.Seventycarswerecrossingtheriverwhenthebridgecollapsed.與一般過去式一起使用描述一個動作進(jìn)行過程中另一個動作發(fā)生Forthefirstthreemonthsshewasreceivingchemotherapyonaweeklybasis.強(qiáng)調(diào)在過去一個臨時的時間段里反復(fù)進(jìn)行的事情Mybrotherwasalwayslosinghiskeys.與always,constantly,continually,forever連用表達(dá)某種感情色彩表示現(xiàn)在時用于心中無把握或有禮貌的請求hope,want,think,wonderIwasratherhopingthatMr.Howardwouldbeabletoseemethismorning.Iwaswonderingwhetheryoucouldhelpme.將來進(jìn)行時Whatwillyoubedoingthistimetomorrow?WhenIgethome,youwillprobablybewatchingtelevision.將來某個特定時間要進(jìn)行的動作表示早先已安排將來要做的或預(yù)定會發(fā)生的事往往指難以改變Hewillbestayingwithusagainnextyear.IwillbeseeingheroverChristmasvacation.把將來的事件看作是慣例或常規(guī)Winstonwillbeperformingwithhissteelbandeverynightofthemusicalfestival.I’llbeseeingMr.Kennedyatthecourttomorrow—he’salwaysthereonThursday–sowecandiscussyourcasebrieflythen.We’rehavingourweeklymeetingtomorrowinsteadofFridaythisweek.WehaveourweeklymeetingtomorrowsoI’llpresentyourproposalthen.Wearegoingtoseeamusicalatthetheatresometimesnextweek.比較willbedoingThey’llbewatchingtelevisionnow.Hurryup.Theywillbewaiting.It’ssixo’clock.Hewon’tbeworkingnow.現(xiàn)在完成時HehasgonetoFuzhou.動作在說話前已完成，但對現(xiàn)在有影響already,yet,just,recently,latelystill,ever,sofar,seldom,never動作開始于過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也許還會持續(xù)下去HehasstudiedEnglishfor5years.Ihavebeenheresince1993.NowIhavefinishedthework.Uptonow,everythinghasbeensuccessful.for,since,sofar,nowinthepastfewyears,todaythisweek,uptonowHehasgotmarriedforsixyears.Hehasbeenmarriedforsixyears.表短暫動作：come,go,die,marry,buy不能與for,since連用注sinceHehastaughtEnglishatthisschoolsince1993.Ihaven’tseenhimsincethreeyearsago.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceheresinceyouleft.Ihaven’theardfromSusansinceshelivedinShanghai.

現(xiàn)在完成時VS過去時動作延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在且仍未結(jié)束動作結(jié)束表述時間尚未結(jié)束表述時間已過與現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系與現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系不指代一個明確時間指代明確的過去某一時間Thetowerhasstoodthereforcenturies.Theydroveonforthreehours.Ihaven’tseenKeiththismorningyet.Ididn’tseeKeithatallthismorning.Ihavelostmykeystothedrawer.Ilostmykeytothedraweryesterday.I’vebeenBeijingtwice.IwenttoBeijingin1990and2006.過去完成時BythetimetheUNtaskforcearrived,therebelforceshadtakentheprovince.過去某一時刻或某一動作前完成的動作或狀態(tài)ThetrainhadleftbeforeIreachedthestation.常與before,after,when,until等詞引導(dǎo)的過去時的狀語從句連用Myyoungerbrothertookthedrivingtestfivetimesbeforehemanagedtopass.注：主句也可用一般過去時IleftuniversitybeforeI’dtakenthefinalexams.主句（過去時）+before+從句（過去完成時）不等….就By/Towards/Beforetheendof+過去時間Atthetimeof+過去事件By+過去時間Bythetime+句子(過去時）+句子（過去完成時）HardlyScarcelyBarelyNosooner過去完成時（倒裝）+when/before+句子（過去時）+將來完成時Bytheendofnextweek,theywillhavereachedthedestination.Youcanhavemyreportbytheendofthemorning.Infact,I’llhavefinisheditwithinthenexthour.預(yù)計(jì)將來某個時刻前某種行為已經(jīng)完成過去將來時Theyweresurethattheywouldsucceed.從過去某個時間看來要發(fā)生的動作woulddoHesaidhewouldcallformeatsix.SheaskedmewhatIwoulddothenextmorning.常用于賓語從句Iwasgoingtoplaytabletennisthatafternoon.IfeltnervousbecauseIwassoontoleavehomeforthefirsttime.Asheraisedhisarmsherealizedthatshewasabouttostrikeheragain.Was/weregoingtoWas/weretodoWas/wereabouttoWas/weredueto現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時Hertelephonehasbeenringingforalongtime.IhasbeenrainingsincelastSunday.一個從過去某一時刻開始的動作，一直延續(xù)到到說話時還在進(jìn)行或剛結(jié)束Youhavebeencoughingalottoday.Hehasbeenscoringplentyofgoalsthisseason.表示一個重復(fù)性的動作關(guān)切，驚異，憤怒Helen’sbeenspendingalotoftimeattheclublately與lately,recently連用表示動作的臨時性

現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時VS現(xiàn)在完成時動作的延續(xù)性，”未完成“”已完成“不用于表達(dá)動作重復(fù)的句子用于描述反復(fù)多次的行為動作的臨時性動作持續(xù)的狀態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)動作本身強(qiáng)調(diào)動作結(jié)果Ihavebeenwritingaletter.Ihavewrittenaletter.Shehasbeenplayingwiththesymphonyorchestraallseason.Shehasplayedwiththesymphonyorchestrathreetimesthisseason.Peoplehavebeeneatinglessmeatrecentlybecauseofthecrisis.Peoplehaveeatenalotlessmeatoverthelasttwentyyearsorso.I’vebeendoingmyaccountsallafternoon.I’vedonetheaccounts—heretheyare.語態(tài)被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般完成進(jìn)行現(xiàn)在is/aredoneis/arebeingdonehave/hasbeendone過去was/weredonewas/werebeingdonehadbeendone將來willbedonewillhavebeendone過去將來wouldbedonewouldhavebeendoneWealwayskeeptheclassroomclean.Theclassroomisalwayskeptclean.Weawardedhimamedal.Hewasawardedamedal.Amedalwasawardedtohim.Peoplesaysheknowsfivelanguages.Sheissaidtoknowfivelanguages.Itissaidthatsheknowsfivelanguages.Peoplesayhewillcometomorrow.Heissaidtobecomingtomorrow.Itissaidthathewillcometomorrow.WebelievethebookhasbeentranslatedintoEnglish.ThebookisbelievedtohavebeentranslatedintoE