賓語(yǔ)從句中考考點(diǎn)

賓語(yǔ)從句中考考點(diǎn)賓語(yǔ)從句是一種名詞性從句，在句中作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，或介詞的賓語(yǔ)，或形容詞的賓語(yǔ)，或位于間接賓語(yǔ)之后。賓語(yǔ)從句在初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中有著相當(dāng)重要的地位，幾乎每年的中考都有對(duì)賓語(yǔ)從句不同角度的考查。其考查的重點(diǎn)一般都集中在以下幾個(gè)方面：一、考查賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞分為三類(lèi)：1.若由陳述句轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)的賓語(yǔ)從句，其引導(dǎo)詞由that引導(dǎo)；不過(guò)that只起引導(dǎo)作用，無(wú)具體意義，在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中常省略.

eg:1.Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.他說(shuō)他想呆在家里。

2.Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed.我相信他會(huì)成功。2.當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句由一般疑問(wèn)句變來(lái)時(shí)，其引導(dǎo)詞由if或whether引導(dǎo)，意為“是否”，表示選擇。Eg:1.Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.我想知道他是否住那兒。

2.Heaskedmewhether(if)Icouldhelphim.他問(wèn)我是否可幫幫他。whether和if用法巧計(jì)：主從表從同位從，if不用whether用；discuss加介后，whether引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從；不定式，ornot后面跟，whether獨(dú)能顯神通；賓從如時(shí)否定句，if發(fā)揮其功用；避免歧義要慎重，其他情況可換用。注意：在引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，if和whether一般可換用，但在下列幾種情況下只用whether，不用if。⑴當(dāng)ornot緊隨引導(dǎo)詞之后時(shí)。Eg:1.Wedidn'tknowwhetherornotshewasready.我們不知道她是否已經(jīng)做好準(zhǔn)備。⑵當(dāng)從句用作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)。Eg:1.Iaminterestedinwhetherhejoinedthearmy.我對(duì)他是否入伍很感興趣。⑶當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句移至句首表強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)。Eg:1.Whetherthisistrueornot,I'mnotsure.這是否真實(shí)，我不敢肯定。4.在不定式前用whetherEg:Idon’tknowwhethertostayhere.（不過(guò)if可引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，whether則不可。）3.當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句由特殊疑問(wèn)句變來(lái)時(shí)，則特殊疑問(wèn)詞便是引導(dǎo)詞（如who/whose/what/which;when/where/why/how等），它們均充當(dāng)一定成分，一般不可省略。Eg:1.Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfor?你知道他們?cè)诘日l(shuí)？

2.CanyoutellmewheretheNo.3busstopis?你能告訴我三路車(chē)站在哪兒？

3.Idon’tknowwhythetrainislate.我不知道火車(chē)為什么晚點(diǎn)了？注意：引導(dǎo)詞的選擇應(yīng)依據(jù)句子成分及具體語(yǔ)境。賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞練習(xí)題：1.-5.ABACB6-11.CCABAA1.TheteacheraskedmeIneededanyhelp.A.whetherB.thatC.what2.—Doyoustillremember___hecamehere？—Yes，Ido.Hecamebybus.A.whenB.howC.what3.Doyouknow____wewilltalkaboutattomorrow'smeeting？A.whatB.thatC.where4.—Couldyoutellme_____sheislookingfor？—Hercousin，Susan.A.whatB.whoseC.who5.Idon'tknow_____Tomwillgoornot.A.whatB.whetherC.how6.Bobdidn’ttelltheothers______hefoundit.A.whatB.thatifC.how7.—Doyouknow______we’llgetthereat3:00thisafternoon?—I’mafraidwe’llbelate.A.thatB.howC.whether8.Couldyoutellme______theyhavedonewiththerubbish?A.whatB.whereC.how9.—Doyouknow______Icouldpasstheexam?—Sorry,Ihavenoidea.A.thatB.whetherC.what10.Theforeigneraskedme______IcouldspeakEnglish.A.ifB.whatC.that11.Thisisnotmywatch.Doyouknow______itis?A.whoseB.whichC.who二、考查賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序無(wú)論主句是陳述句還是疑問(wèn)句，也無(wú)論主從句之間是什么引導(dǎo)詞，賓語(yǔ)從句一律用陳述句語(yǔ)序即“引導(dǎo)詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其他”結(jié)構(gòu)。從句中不會(huì)出現(xiàn)像do,did,does這三個(gè)無(wú)意義的助動(dòng)詞。常用的出題形式為單項(xiàng)選擇題、句型轉(zhuǎn)換題（直接引語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換為間接引語(yǔ)此類(lèi)的題）。Eg:1.Ithink(that)youwilllikethisschoolsoon.我認(rèn)為你不久就會(huì)喜歡這所學(xué)校。

2.CanyoutellmehowIcangettozoo?你能告訴我怎樣才能到達(dá)動(dòng)物園好嗎？

3.Pleasetellmewhenwe’llhavethemeeting.請(qǐng)告訴我什么時(shí)候開(kāi)會(huì)。賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序練習(xí)題：1-5.ACCAB6-11.BAACCC1.Iwanttoknow______thedayaftertomorrow.A.whathewilldoB.whatwillhedoC.whathedid2.TheteacheraskedLucy______.A.wheredoesshecomefromB.whatdidshelikebestC.ifshecouldspeakChinese3.Couldyoutellme______?A.whenshallwestartB.whoareyouwaitingforC.wherethenearestbusstopis4.—Excuseme,couldyoutellme______?—Certainly.It’sovertherealongthestreetontheleft.A.wherethePeople’sParkisB.whereisthePeople’sParkC.thePeople’sParkiswhere5.—Bytheway,doyouknowtheNationalSpellingBee?—No,Ineverheardofit.Tellme______,please.A.whatisitB.whatitisC.itiswhat6.Heaskedhisclassmatewhere______.A.doeshisteacherseethefilmB.histeachersawthefilmC.didhisteacherseethefilm7.Iwanttoknow_____.A.whathisnameisB.what'shisnameC.thathisnameis8.Jimdoesn'tunderstand_______.A.whichisthewaytothemuseumB.whyhiswifealwaysgoshoppingC.whatisthewaytothemuseum9.Myfrienddidn'ttellme_______.A.whichroomhelivedB.whichroomdidheliveinC.whichroomhelivedin10.Heaskedhisfather_______.A.whereithappensB.wheredidithappenC.howithappened

11.--Doyouknow______________now?一InthePeople'sHotel．AwhereisTomworkingBwheredidTomworkC．whereTomisworking三.考查賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)必須與主句的時(shí)態(tài)保持一致,規(guī)則如下：1.如果主句是為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或祈使句、一般將來(lái)時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，則賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可根據(jù)意義上的需要選用任何一種適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)態(tài)(即：此時(shí)從句的時(shí)態(tài)就不受主句限制，賓語(yǔ)從句該用什么時(shí)態(tài)就用什么時(shí)態(tài))；Eg:1.Pleasetelluswhereheis.請(qǐng)告訴我們他在哪兒。2.DoyouknowhowKatecamehere?你知道凱特怎么來(lái)這兒的嗎？3.Tellmeatwhattimetheshipisleaving.告訴我船什么時(shí)候出發(fā)？2.若主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài),賓語(yǔ)從句只能用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài),如一般過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)或過(guò)去完成時(shí)。(即：主過(guò)從過(guò))Eg:1.Heaskedwhattimeitwas.他問(wèn)什么時(shí)候了。2.Hetoldmethathewaspreparingforthesportsmeet.Theheadmasterorderedustostartatonce.5.當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為感官動(dòng)詞see,hear,watch,或動(dòng)詞find等詞時(shí)，其后that賓語(yǔ)從句常簡(jiǎn)化為“感官動(dòng)詞/find+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”構(gòu)，此時(shí)的賓語(yǔ)由從句的主語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái),而賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)通常是1.形容詞或形容詞短語(yǔ)、2.省to的不定式3.過(guò)去分詞或過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)形式,4.動(dòng)詞的-ing形式eg:1).Theyfoundthattheboxwasveryheavy.→Theyfoundtheboxveryheavy.Iheardthatshesangsomesongsinthenextroom.→Iheardhersingsomesongsinthenextroom..Soonwefoundthatthegroundwascoveredwiththicksnow.→Soonwefoundthegroundcoveredwiththicksnow.。

4).Theteacherfoundthattheboywasveryinterestedinmaths.→Theteacherfoundtheboyveryinterestedinmaths..Isawthatsomechildrenwereplayinginthepark.→Isawsomechildrenplayinginthepark.Can’tyouseethatyourfatherissittingunderthetree?→Can’tyouseeyourfathersittingunderthetree?7)Hefeltthathisheartwasbeatingfast.→Hefelthisheartbeatingfast.6.當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的形式主語(yǔ)是it,真實(shí)主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句可簡(jiǎn)化為/"it+形容詞+不定式短語(yǔ)”eg:1)IfoundthatitwasdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.→IfounditdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.7.某些動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句，可以用介詞加動(dòng)名詞（短語(yǔ)）等其他形式簡(jiǎn)化。Eg:1).Heinsistedthatheshouldgowithus.→Heinsistedongoingwithus.8.某些動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句可以簡(jiǎn)化為名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)。eg:1).I'lltakebackwhatIsaid.→I'lltakebackmywords.我將收回我的話

2).Couldyoutellushowwecangettothemuseum?→Couldyoutellusthewaytothemuseum?3).Thepoorboydoesn'tknowwhenandwherehewasborn.→Thepoorboydoesn'tknowthetimeandtheplaceofhisbirth.9.某些動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句可以簡(jiǎn)化為動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ).Eg:1).IrememberthatIhavetoldherthetruth.→Iremembertellingherthetruth.2).IforgetIhaveclosedthewindow.→Iforgetclosingthewindow.10.動(dòng)詞seem后的賓語(yǔ)從句，可以用不定式（短語(yǔ)）來(lái)簡(jiǎn)化，但句型需要進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)淖兓?，形式主語(yǔ)it通常需用從句主語(yǔ)替換。：eg:1).Itseemsthatheisill.→Heseemstobeill.

2).Itseemedthattheboysweregoingtowin.→Theboysseemedtowin.賓語(yǔ)從句的簡(jiǎn)化練習(xí)：不改變句義將下列主從復(fù)合句改成簡(jiǎn)單句1.Tom’sfathersawthathewassittingonsomeeggsTom’sfathersaw________________onsomeeggs.

2.MrswhitetoldTomthathecouldn’tthrowpaperontheground.MrsWhitetoldTom______________________paperontheground.

3.Pleasetellmewhereweshowourtickets.

Pleasetellme____________showourtickets.

4.CanyoutellmehowIcangettothepostoffice?

Canyoutellmethe___________thepostoffice?

5.Theydoesn’tknowwhentheyaregoingtorepairthewatch.

Theydoesn’tknow____________repairthewatch.

6.Theteachertoldtheboyswhattheyshoulddoandhowtheyshoulddoit.

Theteachertoldtheboys____________doand___________doit.7.LiMinghopeshewillbebackverysoon.→Ming________________________________verysoon.8.Itseemsthatheisill.→He_____________________ill.9.Itseemedthattheboysweregoingtowin.→Theboys______________________.10.IrememberthatIhavetoldherthetruth.→Iremember_________herthetruth11.IforgetIhaveclosedthewindow.→Iforget________________________________.12.IwiltakebackwhatIsaid.→Iwilltakeback___________________.

13.Couldyoutellushowwecangettothemuseum?→Couldyoutellus__________________________________________.

14.Thepoorboydoesn’tknowwhenandwherehewasborn.→Thepoorboydoesn’tknowthetimeand______________ofhisbirth.15.Heinsistedthatheshouldgowithus.→Heinsisted___________________withus.16.IfoundthatitwasdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.→Ifoundit__________________________________Englishwell.17.Theyfoundthattheboxwasveryheavy.→Theyfound______________________________________.18.Iheardthatshesangsomesongsinthenextroom.→Iheard________________somesongsinthenextroom.19.Soonwefoundthatthegroundwascoveredwiththicksnow.→Soonwefound__________________________withthicksnow.20.Hefeltthathisheartwasbeatingfast.Hefelt_______________________fast.21.Theheadmasterorderedthatweshouldstartatonce.→Theheadmasterordered_________________________atonce中考賓語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)仿真練習(xí)1.Theteacheraskedme_______Ihadn’tdonemyhomework.A.howB.whatC.whyD.if2.--Idon’tknow______sheis.--Hermothersayssheismuchbetterthesedays.A.whoB.howC.whatD.where3.--Areyousureyouhaveto?It’sbeenverylate.--Idon’tknow______Icandoitifnotnow.A.whereB.whyC.whenD.how4.Wouldyoupleasetellme________?

A.whendidhecomehomeB.wherehewouldplayfootball

C.ifhehadseenthefilmD.whyhedidn’twatchthegame5.--Wedon’tknow________.--ItissaidthathewasborninSweden.

A.whatheis

B.ifheliveshere

C.wherehecomesfrom

D.whichcountryishefrom

6.--DoyouknowwhentheWorldCup______nextweek?--NextFriday.Whenit_______,I’llringyou.A.begins;beginsB.begins;willbeginC.willbegin;willbeginD.willbegin;begins7.TheteachertoldusyesterdaythatDecember25______ChristmasDay.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.willbe8.--Isthataboyswimminginthelake?--Ican’tfindout_______.A.ifit’saboyandagirlB.thatit’saboyoragirlC.whether