說明文型完型填空

真題再現(xiàn)1.【2015?廣東】完形填空（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從1?15各題所給的A、B、C和D項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Howlongcanhumanbeingslive?Mostscientistswhostudyoldagethinkthatthehumanbodyis__1__tolivenolongerthan120years.However,110yearsisprobablythelongestthatanyonecouldhopetoliveifheorsheis_2_healthyandlucky.Somescientistsevensaywecanliveaslongas130years!Yet,ourcellssimplycannotcontinuetoreproduce_3.Theywearout,andasaresult,wegetoldand4die.Eventhoughwecan'tliveforever,wearelivinga5lifethaneverbefore.In1900,theaverageAmericanlifespan（壽命）wasonly47years,buttodayitis75years!Whendoesoldagebeginthen?Sixty-fivemaybeout-of-dateasthe6二linebetweenmiddleageandoldage.Afterall,manyolderpeopledon'tbegintoexperiencephysicalandmental7untilafterage75.Peoplearelivinglongerbecausemorepeople8childhood.Beforemodernmedicinechangedthelawsofnature,manychildrendiedofcommonchildhood9.Nowthatthechancesofdying10___aremuchlower,thechancesoflivinglongaremuchhigherduetobetterdietsandhealthcare.Onthewhole,ourpopulationisgettingolder.The11inourpopulationwillhavelastingeffectsonoursocialdevelopmentandourwayoflife.Somepeoplefearsuchchangeswillbefortheworse,whilesomesee12,notdisaster,manymenandwomenintheir“goldenyears”arehealthy,stillactive,andyoungin13ifnotinage.Asthesocietygrowsold,weneedthe14ofouroldercitizens.Withlonglivesaheadofthem,theyneedto15activeanddevoted.A.designedB.selectedC.improvedD.discoveredA.completelyB.generallyC.apparentlyD.extremelyA.rapidlyB.harmlesslyC.endlesslyD.separately4.A.eventuallyB.hopelesslyC.automaticallyD.desperately5.A.busierB.longerC.richerD.happier6.A.finishingB.guidingC.waitingD.dividing7.A.stressB.damageC.declineD.failure8.A.surviveB.enjoyC.rememberD.value9.A.problemsB.fearsC.worriesD.diseases10.A.poorB.youngC.sickD.quiet11.A.changesB.recoveryC.safetyD.increases12.A.dreamsB.chancesC.strengthsD.choices13.A.mindB.appearanceC.voiceD.movement14.A.protectionB.suggestionsC.contributionsD.permission15.A.soundB.appearC.turnD.stay【答案】1-5ADCAB6-10DCADB11-15ABACD【解析】試題分析：這篇短文講的是人的壽命是有限的，總是隨著社會的發(fā)展，生活水平的提高，人們的壽命比以前更長了，而且老齡化已經(jīng)成為社會的一種趨勢，我們的社會需要這些老年人們繼續(xù)保持積極的心態(tài)，為社會做貢獻。A考查動詞幾語境的理解。句意：大多數(shù)研究年齡的科學(xué)家們認為人體被設(shè)計的不會活過120歲。designed設(shè)計;selected選擇，挑選；improved提高，改善;discovered發(fā)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)句意可知，科學(xué)家們認為人體的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計決定了人類最多不會活過120歲，故應(yīng)選A。D考查副詞及語境的理解。句意：然而110歲可能是人們希望能活的最長壽命-如果他非常的健康和幸運。completely完全地;generally一般地；apparently顯然地；extremely極其；非常。根據(jù)句意可知，如果一個人非常的健康而且很幸運，人們希望能活到110歲。故選D。C考查副詞及語境的理解。句意：然而我們的細胞不會一直無止境的再生。rapidly快速地;harmlessly無害地；endlessly無止境地；separately分離地，分開地。根據(jù)句意可知，因為人們的細胞不會無止境地再生，因此人的壽命是有限的。因此選C。A考查副詞及語境的理解。句意：他們（細胞）慢慢消耗盡，結(jié)果我們就會慢慢變老最終死亡。eventually最終;hopelessly沒有希望地；automatically自動地；desperately絕望地，自暴自棄地。根據(jù)句意可知選A。B考查形容詞及語境的理解。句意：盡管我們不能永久地活著，我們的壽命比以前是更長了。busier更忙的；longer更長的；richer更富有的；happier更開心的。根據(jù)這一段的內(nèi)容可知，現(xiàn)在人的壽命比以前更長了。故選B。D考查形容詞及語境的理解。句意：作為中年和老年的分界線，65歲可能已經(jīng)過時了。finishing完成;guiding指導(dǎo)，指引；waiting等待；dividing劃分。根據(jù)句意，把65歲當成老年和中年的分界線，這已經(jīng)不適合現(xiàn)在的形勢了。dividingline分界線，故選D。C考查名詞及語境的理解。句意：畢竟，很多老年人直到75歲之后才開始經(jīng)歷身體和精神的衰落。stress壓力，壓迫；damage損壞；decline衰落，衰弱；failure失敗。根據(jù)句意可知，現(xiàn)在很多老年人是在75歲之后身體和精神才開始衰弱的，故選C。A考查動詞及語境的理解。句意：現(xiàn)在人們活得更長因為更多的人從童年中幸存下來。survive幸存；enjoy喜歡，欣賞；remember記得；value價值，估價。根據(jù)這一段的內(nèi)容和thechancesoflivinglongaremuchhigherduetoabetterdietsandhealthcare可知，現(xiàn)在的人平均壽命比以前更長的一個原因是人們從童年的疾病中幸存了下來，故選A。D考查名詞及語境的理解。句意：在現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)改變了自然的法則之前，很多孩子死于常見的兒童疾病。problems問題；fears恐懼，害怕；worries擔心；diseases疾病。根據(jù)句意可知，以前的人們因為很多普遍的兒童疾病而死，所以導(dǎo)致平均壽命比較低。故選D。B考查形容詞及語境的理解。句意：既然年少夭折的可能性更低了，那么活得更長的機會就更高了，因為有了更好的飲食和醫(yī)學(xué)護理Opoor窮的；young年輕的；sick病的；quiet安靜的。根據(jù)這一段的意思可知，以前人們在小的時候就因為生病死去了，dyingyoung就是年少死去。故選B。A考查名詞及語境的理解。句意：人口結(jié)構(gòu)的改變會對我們社會的發(fā)展和我們的生活方式有持續(xù)的影響。changes改變；recovery恢復(fù)；safety安全;increases增長，增加。根據(jù)下文中Somepeoplefearsuchchangeswill...可知，我們現(xiàn)在的人口結(jié)構(gòu)改變了，故選A。B考查名詞及語境的理解。句意：一些人擔心這個改變將會帶來一些壞處，然而還有一些人看到的是機會，而不是災(zāi)難。dreams夢想；chances機會；strengths力量；choices選擇。根據(jù)句意可知，這句話中的while表示對比，即跟前一種人不一樣的看法，故選B。A考查名詞及語境的理解。句意：現(xiàn)在，很多處在“黃金年齡”的男士和女士，身體都非常健康，仍然積極，心態(tài)也很年輕。mind心態(tài)；appearance外表；voice聲音；movement移動。根據(jù)句意可知，這里應(yīng)該是說雖然年齡老了，但是心態(tài)依然年輕，故選A。C考查名詞及語境的理解。句意：隨著我們的社會老齡化，我們需要這些老年公民們的貢獻。protection保護；suggestion建議；contribution貢獻；permissio允許。根據(jù)文意可知，現(xiàn)在的社會逐漸老齡化，因此老年人也要繼續(xù)給我們的社會做貢獻，故選C。D考查動詞及語境的理解。句意：前面還有很長的壽命，他們需要保持積極的心態(tài)和奉獻的精神。sound聽起來；appear好像；出現(xiàn)；turn轉(zhuǎn)，變成；stay保持。根據(jù)文意可知，現(xiàn)在人們的壽命更長了，因此老年人也要繼續(xù)保持積極心態(tài)，為我們的社會做貢獻。故應(yīng)選D。【考點定位】社會現(xiàn)象類短文?！久麕燑c睛】這篇短文是一篇議論文，討論了人類壽命增加這個話題，主要考查學(xué)生名詞、形容詞、動詞、副詞等實詞在具體語言環(huán)境下的使用和詞義辨析，同時考查學(xué)生的語篇理解的能力。學(xué)生要在理解短文大意的基礎(chǔ)上，對每個題目中設(shè)置的選項進行辨析，同時還需要注意上下文的暗示，選出最符合文意的一項。2.【2015?重慶】BImaginethefirstdaysinanewtimezone.Slowtorespondtothe28,yourbodyclockisconfused.You'resleepyallday,butwhenit'stimeforbed,youcanhardlyfallasleep.Obviouslyyouare29jetlag（時差反應(yīng)）.Travelershavetraditionallyfoughtthis30withsleepingpillsoralcohol.Thereareactuallyhealthierwaysthatcanworkjustas31.Forexample,themomentyougetontheairplane,start32yourbiologicalblocktothedestination'stime.Ifit'sdaytimeinyourdestination,trytostay33.Walkingaroundthecabi（n客艙）canbeofhelp.Whenit'snighttime,trytosleep.Inthatcase,eatbeforetheflight,34anemptystomachwillpreventyoufromsleeping.Thesetipswillhelpyoustartanew35ofsleepandwakefulness.28.A.flightB.changeC.demandD.climate29.A.sufferingfromB.workingonC.lookingintoD.leadingto30.A.dangerB.problemC.wasteD.fear31.A.brieflyB.slowlyC.suddenlyD.effectively32.A.checkingB.sendingC.adjustingD.stopping33.A.awakeB.aloneC.hungryD.calm34.A.thoughB.soC.wholeD.or35.A.understandingB.cycleC.researchD.trend【答案】BABDCADB鞏固練習(xí)Whatdoavolunteerandatouristhaveincommon?_1_.Butcanyoubeavolunteerandatouristatthesame2?Absolutely.Voluntourism—atrendcombiningvolunteeringwithtourism—isbecomingmoreandmore_3_,withmoreandmorepeoplelookingforopportunitiesto4otherswhilevisitinginterestingplaces.Manyorganizationsintheworld5voluntouringprojects.Earthwatch,forexample,isanon-profitorganizationfocusingonbringingsciencetolifeforthose6abouttheEarth'sfuture.Itoffersopportunitiesforpeopleto7theirteamsofscientistsonadiverserangeofprojects.Ithasalsosetup“teenteams”wherebyyoungpeopleaged16to17can8with,andlearnfrom,leadingscientists.Onetheotherhand,HabitatforHumanity,avoluntaryagencywellknownfor9housesforthehomeless,hasdevelopedavoluntouringpackageforparticipantstohelpoutintheirprojectsacrosstheworld.Theyprovide10housingforthepoor.JimmyCarter,theformerpresidentoftheUSA,isaregular11inHabitatforHumanityprojects.Youdon'thaveto12buildingskillstobepartofitsvolunteeringteam;youcangiveahand13youknowhowtoholdapaintbrushorahammer.Butjustlikeinanyother14,therearealwaysblacksheepthatexploit（利用）the15ofvoluntourists.Theymaycomeupwithphoney（虛假的）programs.Would-bevoluntouistsshouldthereforebe16andcheckouttheorganizationsbefore17theirprograms.Itisnot18,though,tofigureoutwhichorganizationsaregenuineandwhicharephoney.Genuinevoluntourismoperatorshavelong-termgoalsandthey19assessthesuccessoftheirprojects.Thesearetheonesthatyoucan20訐youarethinkingofavoluntourforyournextvacation.1.A.NothingB.AnythingC.SomethingD.Everything2.A.stageB.ageC.levelD.time3.A.usefulB.popularC.importantD.promising4.A.knowB.changeC.helpD.understand5.A.introduceB.shareC.preferD.provide6.A.concernedB.disappointedC.sorryD.uncertain7.A.recognizeB.interviewC.joinD.watch8.A.playB.workC.competeD.study9.A.choosingB.buyingC.buildingD.repairing10.A.beautifulB.affordableC.splendidD.expensive11.A.operatorB.participantC.advisorD.organizer12.A.applyB.practiceC.possessD.improve13.A.eventhoughB.asfarasC.sothatD.aslongas14.A.fieldB.farmC.companyD.country15.A.faithB.goodwillC.confidenceD.courage16.A.cautiousB.anxiousC.practicalD.eager17.A.makinguseofB.takingpartinC.keepingupwithD.lookingforwardto18.A.quickB.necessaryC.possibleD.difficult19.A.occasionallyB.instantlyC.regularlyD.casually20.A.findB.believeC.acceptD.expec