2021高三統(tǒng)考人教英語（經(jīng)典版）學案第一部分Book8Unit3Inventorsandinventions含解析

學必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精2021高三統(tǒng)考人教英語一輪（經(jīng)典版）學案：第一部分Book8Unit3Inventorsandinventions含解析Unit3Inventorsandinventions基礎自主檢測閱讀識記Ⅰ.英譯漢1。stainlessadj。無銹的；不銹的；沒有污點的2。cuben。立方體；立方3。validadj.有效的；確鑿的4。dynamicadj。充滿活力的;精力充沛的；動態(tài)的；發(fā)展變化的5.competencen。能力；勝任；本領6。personneln。人力資源；人事部；全體人員Ⅱ.漢譯英1。patentn。專利證書；專利權2.ripeadj。熟的；成熟的3。rainfalln.降雨4。jamn.堵塞；阻塞；果醬5.versionn.版本；譯本高頻應用1.tapvt.輕打;輕拍;輕敲n.輕輕地敲擊（聲);水龍頭2.seizevt.抓?。蛔阶。粖Z3.stableadj.穩(wěn)固的；穩(wěn)定的；安定的4。productn.產(chǎn)品5。filen。文件；檔案；文件夾vt.提交；將……歸檔6。bearvt。忍受；忍耐；負擔7。dialvt.撥（電話）8.abruptadj。突然的；意外的9.merryadj.愉快的；高興的拓展變形1.distinguish（vi。＆vt.）顯示……的差別；使……有所不同；辨別→distinguished(adj。）杰出的；著名的→distinguishment(n。)區(qū)別2。merciful（adj。）寬大的；仁慈的；慈悲的→merciless(adj。)殘忍的；無情的→mercy（n.)寬大;仁慈3.convenient(adj.）便利的；方便的；就近的→convenience(n.）便利；方便→inconvenient(反義詞）(adj。)不方便的；引起麻煩的4.caution(n.）小心；謹慎→cautious（adj.）小心的；謹慎的→cautiously（adv.)小心地;謹慎地5.expectation(n.）預料；期待;期望→expect(v.）預料；期待；期望；認為→unexpected(adj.）未預料到的6.passive(adj。)被動的；消極的；被動語態(tài)的→active（反義詞)（adj.)積極的7。criterion（n。）（評判的)標準；尺度→criteria(pl。)標準8。freezing（adj.)冰凍的；嚴寒的→frozen(adj。）冷凍的;結(jié)冰的→freeze(vi.）冰凍；結(jié)冰（vt.9。innocent(adj。）清白的；無罪的；天真的→innocence（n。）天真；清白10.recognition(n.）認出;認可；承認→recognize（vt。11.occasionally(adv。）偶然地；不時地→occasional(adj。）偶然的；臨時的；特殊場合的→occasion（n。)時機,機會;場合12。current(n.）（水或氣）流；電流(adj。）現(xiàn)在的;當前的→currently（adv。)現(xiàn)時；當前→currency（n。)流行;通用;通貨;貨幣13.associate(vt。)聯(lián)想；聯(lián)系(n.)同伴；伙伴→association(n14。practical（adj.）實際的;實踐的;實用的→impractical(反義詞）（adj.）不切實際的；不現(xiàn)實的→practise(v。)練習→practice(n。）練習；實踐1.三個特殊的名詞單復數(shù)①標準criterion（單數(shù))，criteria（復數(shù)）②媒體medium（單數(shù)），media（復數(shù))③細菌bacterium（單數(shù)）,bacteria(復數(shù))2.含“rain”的合成詞①rainfalln。降雨量②raindropn。雨滴③rainwatern。雨水④rainbown。彩虹⑤rainstormn。暴風雨⑥r(nóng)ainforestn。雨林⑦raincoatn。雨衣3。后綴。ive形容詞①passive被動的②active主動的③positive積極的④negative消極的⑤subjective主觀的⑥expensive昂貴的一動詞＋介/副詞1.callup給……打電話2。setabout開始；著手3.diveinto迅速把手伸入；一心投入4。setout（todo）開始(做）5.setabout(doing）開始(做)6。hangon不掛斷；稍等；緊緊握住7.getthrough設法聯(lián)系上(尤指打通電話）；(設法)做完；通過；度過8.ringback回復電話9.ringoff掛斷電話二其他10。nowandthen偶爾;有時11。out_oforder違反規(guī)程的;發(fā)生故障1。“v。＋into"結(jié)構的短語薈萃①diveinto一心投入②burstinto突然闖入③runinto撞上④lookinto調(diào)查⑤knockinto撞上⑥breakinto破門而入⑦lookinto調(diào)查2.接打電話的常用動詞短語①call/ring/phonesb。(up）給……打電話makeaphone/telephonecalltosb.給……打電話②pickupthetelephone接電話③holdon等一等，別掛電話④answerthephone接電話call/ringback回電話returnone’scall回電話⑤ringoff掛斷電話hangup掛斷（電話)hangon不掛斷；稍等getthrough設法聯(lián)系上（尤指打通電話)________________________________________________1.thereseemstobe...“好像有……”ThefirstthingIdidwastoseeiftherewereanyproductsthatmighthelpme，butthere_only_seemed_to_be（看來只有)powdersdesignedtokillsnakes。(教材P20）2?！皁nly＋狀語從句”引起的倒裝Only_after_you_have_had_that_recognition(只有在已得到這種認可之后)canyousaythatyouaretrulyaninventor。（教材P21)3.否定詞nor置于句首時主句要部分倒裝Nor_will_you_receive_a_patent_until(你才能獲得專利，直到）asearchhasbeenmadetofindoutthatyourproductreallyisdifferentfromeveryoneelse's.(教材P21）4.It’samatterof...“這是……的問題”Nowit’s_a_matter_of（只是)waitingandhoping.(教材P21)5.everytime“每次……”引導時間狀語從句Every_time（每次）youdoyouwillbecertaintofindsomethingthatyouhaveneverseenbefore.(教材P25)6.祈使句＋and/or＋陳述句Follow_it_up(跟隨它)，exploreallaroundit，andbeforeyouknowit,youwillhavesomethingworththinkingabouttooccupyyourmind.（教材P25）單句語法填空1.Herewasachanceformetodistinguishmyself________inventingsomethingmercifulthatwouldcatchsnakesbutnotharmthem。答案：by2。Isetabout________(research)thehabitsofsnakestofindtheeasiestwaytotrapthem.答案：researching3.Butonce________（pick)up,theytriedtobiteme.答案：picked4。Astheywere________（poison)snakes，Iclearlyneededtoimprovemydesignagain.答案：poisonous5。Thiswasintheexpectation________thesnakeswouldbiteagain.答案：that6。________(press)bymyfriendsandrelations,Idecidedtoseizetheopportunitytogetrecognition...答案：Pressed7.Thecriteriaaresostrict________itisdifficulttogetnewideasacceptedunlesstheyaretrulynovel。答案：that8。Therearealargenumberofpatentexaminers，too,________onlyjobistoexaminewhetheryourclaimisvalidornot。答案：whose9.Itwasthisexploringaroundproblemsandhisdynamicspirit________ledtohismostfamousinvention-thetelephonein1876。答案：that10.Bellwasfullyaware________theimportanceofhisinvention。答案:of考點步步?jīng)_關1distinguishvt。＆vi。顯示……的差別;使……有所不同;辨別Herewasachanceformetodistinguishmyselfbyinventingsomethingmercifulthatwouldcatchsnakesbutnotharmthem.（P20)這回我有機會來表現(xiàn)一下自己了。我要發(fā)明某種仁慈的東西，既可以把蛇捉住，而又不會傷害它們。(1）distinguish。.。from.。。把……與……區(qū)分開來distinguishbetweenAandB區(qū)分A與B(2)distinguishedadj.卓越的；杰出的；著名的即時練1單句語法填空①Thereissomethingaboutmusicthatdistinguishesit________allotherartforms。②TheTownHallcompletedinthe1800swasthemost________（distinguish)buildingatthattime.③Thelecturemainlydealswiththetroubleyoungchildrenhave________(distinguish）rightfromwrong。答案：①from②distinguished③distinguishing2expectationn．預料；期待；期望Thiswasintheexpectationthatthesnakeswouldbiteagain.（P21)這是因為我預料蛇還會再咬人.(1)beyondexpectation超出預期liveuptoone’sexpectations不辜負某人的期望comeupto/meetone'sexpectations達到某人的期望（2）expectvt。&viexpectsth。/todosth。/that...期望某事/期望做某事/期望……beexpectedtodo...被期望/有望做……expectsb。todo.。.期望某人做……即時練2單句語法填空①ThebeautiesoftheWestLakeinspringwere________hisexpectation。②Manystudentsgraduatefromcollegeintheexpectation________theycansoonfindjobsinaccordancewiththeirwishes。③I'mdeterminedtogoallouttoliveuptomyparents'________(expect）．④Ourdefeat________（expect）butitwasdisappointingnevertheless。答案：①beyond②that③expectations④wasexpected一句多譯人們懷著憧憬購置房產(chǎn),期待其價格將繼續(xù)強勁上漲。⑤Peoplebuyahouse________________itspricewillcontinuetorisestrongly.（expectation）⑥Peoplebuyahouse________________itspricewillcontinuetorisestrongly.(expect)答案:⑤intheexpectationthat⑥expectingthat3bearvt。忍受；忍耐;負擔；帶有；顯示(標記或特征);生(孩子）Ican'tbearthesmellofburntsausageonthebarbecue。（P24)我無法忍受燒烤架上香腸的焦糊味。(1)can'tbeartodosth./doingsth。不能忍受做某事(2）bearinmindthat...＝bear/keep。。.inmind記住……(3）bearaheavyburden肩負重擔beartheresponsibility/blame承擔/負有責任［名師點津]bear表示“容忍；忍耐”時多與can/could連用，且多用于否定句和疑問句中。即時練3單句寫作①水能載舟，亦能覆舟。Thewaterthat____________theboatisthesamethatswallowsitup。②我無法忍受年輕人虛擲光陰。Ican't____________youngpeople______________theiryouth.③記住：成功來自于努力。____________thatsuccesscomesfromhardwork。④肩負重擔，她必須努力工作撫養(yǎng)孩子.______________________,shehastoworkhardtobringupherchildren。答案：①bears②bear；castingaway③Bearinmind④Bearingaheavyburden4associatevt.聯(lián)想；聯(lián)系n.同事;伙伴Althoughheismostoftenassociatedwiththeinventionofthetelephone,hewasindeedacontinuingsearcherafterpracticalsolutionstoimprovethequalityofeverybody'slife。(P26)雖然人們常把他與電話的發(fā)明聯(lián)系在一起,但是他的確是一位永不停息的探索家，不斷尋求著改善人們生活質(zhì)量的途徑。（1）associatesb。/sth.withsb./sth.把某人/某事和某人/某事聯(lián)系在一起；由某人/某事聯(lián)想到某人/某事beassociatedwith。.。和……有關associatewithsb。與某人交往或打交道(2)associationn.聯(lián)合;聯(lián)想；交往；協(xié)會;團體inassociationwith。。。與……合伙/合作；與……相聯(lián)系(3）associatedadj.關聯(lián)的；聯(lián)合的即時練4單句語法填空①Ialwaysassociatethesmellofthoseflowers________mychildhood.②Weareworkingin________(associate）withanumberoflocalcompaniestoraisemoneyforthehomeless。③Throughsciencewe'vegottheideaof________（associate）progresswiththefuture。④Manywords________（associate)withlifeintheWestareSpanishinorigin。答案：①with②association③associating④associated一句多譯我們必須把這兩方面考慮進去，它們都關系到學生們的安全。⑤Wemusttaketwoaspectsintoconsideration，__________________thesafetyofthestudents。（定語從句）⑥Wemusttaketwoaspectsintoconsideration，________________thesafetyofthestudents.(獨立主格)答案：⑤bothofwhichareassociatedwith⑥bothofthemassociatedwith1callup給……打電話；使……回憶起教材原句WhenIcalledupmymotherinthecountrysideonthetelephoneshewasveryupset.（P20）我給住在鄉(xiāng)下的母親打電話的時候，她感到很心煩。（1)callat拜訪（某個地點）callin打電話來；召來，叫來（服務）calloff取消；停止callon/upon短暫探訪(某人);號召；呼吁callfor呼吁；要求;需要;去接(某人）callout大聲呼叫；召集(2）ring/callback回復電話ringoff/hangup掛斷電話givesb。aring/call給某人打電話(3)hang/holdon不掛斷電話即時練1用call相關短語的適當形式填空①Theydecidedto________________adoctorbecausethechildwasnotanybetter。②Thisisaproblemthat______________animmediatesolution。③Theboyonwatchstarted________________whenhesawsomebodyapproaching.④Hehadto________________themeetingbecauseofthebadweather.⑤Thispicture________________mymemoriesoftheamusingexperience。⑥We______________ournewneighbour'shouselastweek。答案：①callin②callsfor③callingout④calloff⑤calls/calledup⑥calledat2getthrough接通電話；(設法)做完；用完；通過；完成教材原句Ican’tgetthrough。(P26）我打不通電話。（1)getacross傳達;解釋清楚getalongwithsb。與某人相處融洽getawaywithsth.攜某物潛逃;不因某事受懲罰getdowntosth./doingsth.開始做某事；認真處理某事getover克服(困難)；從……中恢復過來（2）gothrough經(jīng)歷；檢查lookthrough瀏覽；仔細查看livethrough經(jīng)歷（艱難或險境）即時練2寫出下列句中getthrough的含義①Imanagedtogetthroughthegameandthepainwasworthitintheend。________②Icouldn’tgetthroughtoherbecauseherphonewasbusyallday.________③Shefoundwritinghelpedhergetthroughtheroughdays.________④Luckily，hegotthroughtheexamandhiseffortspaidoff。________⑤Thelittleboygotthroughallhismoneyinjustoneweekandhadtoaskhismomforsomemore。________答案：①（設法)完成②打通電話③渡過④通過⑤用完用get相關短語的適當形式填空⑥Weallhopethathecan________________thefreezingwinterandgetbetter。⑦Hehasneverreally________________thelossofhiswife。⑧It’stimeyou____________________somepracticeortheotherstudentswillleaveyoubehind。⑨He’snotverygoodat_________hisideas_________.答案：⑥getthrough⑦getover⑧getdownto⑨getting；acrossFollow_it_up，_exploreallaroundit，andbeforeyouknowit,youwillhavesomethingworththinkingabouttooccupyyourmind.（P25)翻譯跟蹤下去，不斷探索，不知不覺中，你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)某種值得思考的東西盤踞著你的大腦。本句為“祈使句＋and＋陳述句”句型.這個祈使句相當于一個if引導的條件狀語從句，and之后的句子相當于主句，所以用一般將來時。在該句型中，祈使句有時也可用名詞短語表示?！捌硎咕洌愂鼍洹钡钠渌问綖椋海?）“祈使句＋破折號＋陳述句”結(jié)構.（2）“名詞短語＋and＋陳述句”(名詞短語中通常含有more，another，further,earlier等詞)結(jié)構。(3)“祈使句＋or＋陳述句”結(jié)構，or表示“否則；要不然的話”，or可用orelse或otherwise替換，從反面來預測結(jié)果.[名師點津］此句型容易和分詞作狀語混淆，試比較：(1）Followtheroadroundtotherightandyou'llfindhishouse.（祈使句）(2)Followingtheroadroundtotheright，shefoundhishouse.（分詞作狀語)即時練單句語法填空①Givemeachance,________I'llgiveyouawonderfulsurprise。②Pleasecallmeupbeforeyoucome,________wemightbeout。③________（check）mycompositionagain,Ifoundsomespellingmistakes。答案：①and②otherwise/orelse/or③Checking一句多譯幫我一個忙，我會感激你的。④__________________，andIwillbegratefultoyou。(祈使句)⑤__________________，Iwillbegratefultoyou.(if條件句)答案：④Domeafavour⑤Ifyoudomeafavour過去分詞作定語、表語和賓語補足語過去分詞作定語1．及物動詞的過去分詞作定語，表示與所修飾的名詞構成被動或完成的關系。這時，相當于一個定語從句。①Themeeting，whichwasattendedbyalotofpeople，wasasuccess.（用分詞改寫)→Themeeting，attendedbyalotofpeople,wasasuccess.許多人參加的這個會議很成功。2．有些不及物動詞的過去分詞（只限于單個分詞，且不能后置)也可作定語，此時只表示完成的動作，而不表示“被動"的意義。②Wedranksomeboiledwaterandwentonwithourwork。我們喝了一些開水繼續(xù)我們的工作。過去分詞作表語過去分詞作表語，表示主語的狀態(tài)或思想感情等。③Whenhearingofit，weweredeeplymoved.當聽到這件事的時候，我們深深地感動了。過去分詞作賓語補足語過去分詞作賓補，與前面的賓語有邏輯上的動賓關系，即賓語是過去分詞動作的承受者.1．過去分詞可作表示感覺或心理狀態(tài)的動詞的賓語補足語，這類動詞有“see,hear，watch，notice，observe,feel，find,think,consider”等。④Tomfoundhimselfinvolvedinanawkwardsituation。湯姆發(fā)現(xiàn)自己陷入一個令人尷尬的境地。2．過去分詞可作使役動詞的賓語補足語，這類動詞有“make，have，get,keep,leave”等。⑤Wewillkeepyouinformedofwhateverhappens。我們將讓你知道發(fā)生的任何事情.3．過去分詞可作表示希望、要求、命令等動詞的賓語補足語，這類動詞有“want，like,wish,expect"等。⑥Hewon'tlikesuchquestionsdiscussedatthemeeting.他不喜歡那樣的問題在會議上被討論。4．過去分詞用在“with＋賓語＋賓補”結(jié)構中。⑦Thethiefwasbroughtin，withhishandstiedbehindhisback。這個賊被帶進來,手綁在背后.即時練Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．JohnSnow，apersonalphysicianofQueenVictoria，waswillingtohelpordinarypeople________（expose）tocholera,thedeadlydiseaseofitsday.答案:exposed2．Themanagerwassatisfiedtoseemanynewproducts________(develop)aftergreateffort。答案：developed3．Well,hisfatherseems________(please）withhisresult.答案:pleased4．Mostofthepeople________(invite)totheconferenceweremyoldfriends。答案：invitedⅡ.單句改錯1．You’dbetterhavetheroomtidying.Itisinamess。________________________________________________答案：tidying→tidied2．Someguestswereinvitedtothepartywerelatebecauseofthetrafficjam.________________________________________________答案：去掉第一個were或其前加who3．Insomelanguages，100wordsmakeuphalfofallwordsusingindailyconversations.________________________________________________答案：using→used4．Themanseemedquitedisappointing.________________________________________________答案：disappointing→disappointed基礎達標演練Ⅰ。單句語法填空1．Hecalledme________totellmeaboutit。答案：up2．Readthisstory，________youwillrealizethatnoteverythingcanbeboughtwithmoney.答案:and3．Colour。blindpeopleoftenfinditdifficulttodistinguish________blueandgreen。答案：between4．Ihaven'tseenSarasinceshewasalittlegirl，andshehaschangedbeyond________（recognize)．答案：recognition5．Armedwiththeinformationyouhavegathered,youcanset________preparingyourbusinessplan。答案:about6．Ifyouhavetocatchthefirstbuseveryday,choosethishotel。________isveryconvenientforthestation-it'sonlyatwo-minutewalk.答案：It7．Hecouldn'tbear________（bother）bytheloudnoisefromthestoresandthelightsonthestreet,sohemovedon。答案：beingbothered/tobebothered8．Havingmadetheplan,shesetout________(do)theexperiment。答案：todo9．Sorry，thereisnobodyherewiththatname。Youmust________（dial）thewrongnumber。答案：havedialled10．Thosealways________（associate)moneywithhappinessmayneverfeelhappy,fortheyarenevercontent。答案:associatingⅡ。單句改錯1．Whenwesawtheroadblockingwithsnow,wedecidedtospendtheholidayathome.________________________________________________答案：blocking→blocked2．Forgettingthepast,leavethesadnessbehind，andyou’llseethedoorofanewbrightworldopenbeforeyou。________________________________________________答案:Forgetting→Forget3．Itissocoldandfrozenthatwehavetostayathome。________________________________________________答案：frozen→freezing4．Thetelephoneisoutoftheorder;therefore，wecannotgetintouchwiththeboss。________________________________________________答案：去掉order前的the5．ItwasnotuntilshegothomewhenJenniferrealizedshehadlostherkeys.________________________________________________答案:when→thatⅢ。教材微寫作A．根據(jù)提示完成句子1．David是一個謹慎而成功的商人，他