外文部文件解讀石門中學(xué)模擬

EqualRightsforHomo ualinEurope

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EuropeanParliament

Briefintroduction

TheEuropeanUnion(ortheEU),isaneconomicandpoliticalunionof28countriesthatlocatedprimarilyinEurope.Nowadaysitistheunionthatownsthemostnetwealthintheworld.EuropeanParliamentisoneofthelargestinstitutionsintheEU,anditownslegislativeandconsultingpower.

ThepredecessorofEuropeanParliamentwastheassemblyoftheEuropeanCoalandSteelCommunitywhichfirstfoundedin1952by6countriesincludingFrance,WestGermany,Italy,Netherland,BelgiumandLuxembourg.Therewereonly78seatsintheparliamentatthattime.Later,in1958,theEuropeanAssemblywasfounded.In1962,theEuropeanAssemblychangeditsnameintotheEuropeanParliament,whichisstillusingtoday.

BecausethenumberofthemembercountriesoftheEuropeanUnionkeptonincreasing,thenumberofseatsintheEuropeanParliamentincreased,too.Thereare766seatsconsistofdelegatesfrom7majorpartiesinEuropeandnoninscritsatpresent.Beforetheelectionofdelegates,theEuropeanParliamentmakesdecisiononhowmanyseatseachcountrycanhaveintheparliamentbaseonthepopulationofeachcountry.ThefollowinggraphandformmayhelpyoutounderstandtheconstitutionoftheEuropeanParliamentbetter.

Election

TheEuropeanParliamentdraftedandpassedalawwhichgivesallthecitizensofEUtherighttovoteforparliamentdelegatesdirectly.Thelawcameintoin1978andthefirstelectionwasheldin1979.Theelectionisheldinaregularbasisof5years.In2014,theelectionwillbeheldfromMay22to25inallEUmembercountries.Howevertheelectionofthe,vice-sandtheleadersofeachcommitteeor mitteeisdifferentfromtheelectionofdelegates.Itisheldevery2andhalfyears,andtheirtermsofservicearenotlimitedaslongastheycanwinenoughpollstheyneedforbeingelectedineachelection.

Allmembercountriesmustobeysomecommonrulesofelecting,butbecauseofthesituationofeachcountryisdifferent,theEuropeanParliamentallowstheernmentsofmembercountriestodecidetheelectoraldistricts,someofthepoliciesandthedateofelectionbythemselves.Herearesomeofthe

policiesthatareperformedinelection.

Proportionalrepresentation.

Theseatsthatonepoliticalpartygetsshouldbedirectlyrelatedtothepollsthepartywinsintheelection.

Thedivisionofelectoraldistricts.

Atpresent,20countriesholdelectionintherangeofwholecountrywhile8countriesdividethecountryintomanydifferentpartsandvotelocally.

Partylist.

Afterwinningseatsintheparliament,politicalpartiescandistributetheseatstopartymembers.

Singletransferablevote.

Itisawayofelectionthatrespectthechoiceofvotersinthegreatestextent,butitiscomplicatedsoitisnotwidelyused.

patibilities.

Insomecountries,lawsprohibitedthedelegatesofnationalparliamentandmayorsofbigcitiesfrombeingelectedasdelegatesofEuropeanParliament.

Criticalthinking

AccordingtotheelectionrulesofEuropeanParliament,whoseinterestshoulddelegatesrepresent?

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Powers

EuropeanParliamentisoneofthethreeinstitutionsintheEUthathavelegislativepowers;mostoftheedictsofEUaredraftedandpassedbyEuropeanParliament.ThemembercountriesofEUarere-quiredtoobeytheseedicts.Inthisconference,allmembercountrieshopetheEuropeanParliamentcanmakeadecisionontheissueofhomo ualityandwilltransfertheirlegislativepowertoEuropeanParliament,soeverythingadelegatedomayhavedirectinfluenceonthesecountries.

TheotherpowersoftheEuropeanParliamentare:

Auditingthebudgets.Powerofsuperintendence.

Receivingappealandcorrectingunjustcases.

Makingpoliticalinfluencesorputtingpoliticalpressures.

Criticalthinking

InwhatextendcanthedecisionmadebyEuropeanParliamentinfluentmembercountries?

mitteeonhumanrights

The mitteeonhumanrightsoftheEuropeanParliament,whichwasreconstitutedin2004,isanimportanttformforthedefenseofhumanrightsworldwide.

This mitteecaresaboutallsortsofissuesonhumanrightsandiswillingtoadoptreportsandresolutionsontheseissues.Itmakesefforttomakecontributiontothedebatesonsubjectssuchasdeathpenalty,tortureandofcourse,homo uality.

Inthisconference,thenumberofdelegatesinthe mitteewillbecutinproportionofthenumberofdelegatesintheEuropeanParliament.Ifyouwanttolearnmoreaboutthedelegates,pleaseviewthenextsection.

LGBTintergroup

TheIntergrouponLGBTRightsisaninformalforumforMembersoftheEuropeanParliamentwhowishtoadvanceandprotectthefundamentalrightsoflesbian,gay,bi ualandtransgender(LGBT)people.

MembersoftheIntergroupwouldusuallytakeapositivestanceonLGBTissueswhentheydraftreportsoramendments,whentheyvoteintheParliament,orwhentheydealwithconstituencyaffairs.

TheLGBTIntergroupisthelargestoftheEuropeanParliament’s27Intergroups.Itcurrentlygathersover150Members,whoarealldemocraticallyelectedMembersoftheEuropeanParliament.Itsworkisledbysixs.

Delegates

Befo