2022-2023學(xué)年廣東省湛江二十一中高二（下）期中英語(yǔ)試卷

第=page11頁(yè)，共=sectionpages11頁(yè)2022-2023學(xué)年廣東省湛江二十一中高二（下）期中英語(yǔ)試卷一、閱讀理解（本大題共15小題，共37.5分）AWhilebringingglobalchangemaytakesometime，thesecompaniesandindividualshavealreadydevelopedvariouswaystoreduceplasticpollution.

PlasticBank

AccordingtoitsfounderDavidKatz，"Theonlywaytostopoceanplasticistoshowthevaluetothecollectors."Thecompanydoesthisbyrewardingpeoplewhocollectoceanplasticwithcash，goods，orservices.Thegarbagecollectedisrecycledandsoldtocompaniesthatpayabove-marketpricestohelpthecause.

LiterofLight

Since2011，LiterofLighthasbeentransformingplasticbottlesintolightsources（光源）.Therearemillionsofpeoplewhohavenoaccesstoelectricity.Thecompanyattachesplasticbottlesfilledwithwaterandbleachtoroofs.Theyreflectsunlightintothedark，windowlesshomesduringtheday.Whenthesunsets，amicrosolarpanel（太陽(yáng)能電池板）helpspoweranLEDbulb（燈泡）.

TheOceanCleanupFoundation

In2013，18-year-oldBoyanSlatdroppedoutofcollegetostartTheOceanCleanupFoundation.TheyounginventordevelopedthefirstoperationalcleanupsystemintheGreatPacificGarbagePatch.Thesystemisdesignedtocollectthesurfacegarbageasitfloatspast.Theaccumulatedplasticwillbebroughttolandforrecycling.Slatbelieveshisinventionwillallowustoclean50percentofthepatchwithinfiveyears.1.WhatdoesPlasticBankmainlydotohelpreduceplasticpollution？______A.Theyinventvariousways.

B.Theyrewardthecollectors.

C.Theyfoundarecyclingcompany.

D.Theycallonthepublictoplanttrees.2.Howcanplasticbottlesbecomelightsources？______A.Byreflectingsunlight. B.Byproducingelectricity.

C.Byworkingwithasolarpanel. D.BybeingmadeintoLEDbulbs.3.WhatkindofpersonisBoyanSlat？______A.Learnedandambitious. B.Devotedanddutiful.

C.Hard-workingandoptimistic. D.Determinedandcreative.BExerciseandahealthydietinchildhoodleadstoadultswithbiggerbrainsandlowerlevelsofanxiety，accordingtoanewresearchinmice.

Thoughdietandexerciseareconsistentlyrecommendedaswaystopromotehealth，thisstudyisthefirsttoexaminethelong-lasting，combinedeffectsofbothfactorswhentheyareexperiencedearlyinlife.

Theresearchersdeterminedthatearly-lifeexercisegenerallyreducedanxiousbehaviorsinadults.Italsoledtoanincreaseinadultmuscleandbrainmass.Whenfed"Western"styledietshighinfatandsugar，themicenotonlybecamefatter，butalsogrewintoadultsthatpreferredunhealthyfoods.

ThesefindingshaverecentlybeenpublishedinthejournalPhysiologyandBehavior.Toobtainthem，theresearchersdividedtheyoungmiceintofourgroups-thosewithaccesstoexercise，thosewithoutaccess，thosefedastandard，healthydietandthosethatateaWesterndiet.

Micestartedontheirdietsimmediatelyafterweaning（斷奶），andcontinuedonthemforthreeweeks，untiltheyreachedphysicalmaturity.Afteranadditionaleightweeksof"washout"，duringwhichallmicewerehousedwithoutmotionandonthehealthydiet，theresearchersdidbehavioralanalysisandvariousmeasurements.

Oneofthosetheymeasured，leptin，isproducedbyfatcells.Ithelpscontrolbodyweightprimarilybyloweringthesensationofhungerandalsobyincreasingenergyconsumption.Early-lifeexerciseincreasedadultleptinlevelsaswellasfatmassinadultmice，regardlessofthediettheyate.

Previously，theresearchteamfoundthateatingtoomuchfatandsugarasachildcanchangethemicrobiome（腸道菌群）forlife，eveniftheylatereatmorehealthily.Goingforward，theteamplanstoinvestigatewhetherfatorsugarismoreresponsibleforthenegativeeffectstheymeasuredinWestern-diet-fedmice.

Together，bothstudiesoffercriticalopportunitiesforhealthinterventionsinchildhoodhabits.Thefindingsmayberelevantforunderstandingthepotentialeffectsofactivityreductionsanddietarychangesassociatedwithfatness.4.Whatisuniqueaboutthenewstudy？______A.Itinvolvesadults'eatingbehavior.

B.Itshowskeyelementsforalonglife.

C.Itstressesseparateimpactsofexerciseanddiet.

D.Ithighlightsjointeffectsofearlyexerciseanddiet.5.Howdidtheresearchersgetthestudyresults？______A.Bytrialanderror.

B.Bypreviousexperience.

C.Byexperimentingongroupedmice.

D.Bycomparingmicewithhumanbeings.6.Whatisthemainfunctionofleptin？______A.Itformsfatcells. B.Itbringsdownappetite.

C.Itstimulateshunger. D.Itlimitsenergyconsumption.7.Howdoestheauthorlookathealthinterventionsinearly-lifehabits？______A.Favorably. B.Critically. C.Indifferently. D.Doubtfully.CHumanshavebeenlivingandworkingonthespacestationfor20years.Theirmealsarepackaged,thoughsometimesastronautsreceivefreshtreatsfromresupplymissions.Thelongerthatpackagedfoodisstored,themoreitlosesnutrientslikevitaminCandvitaminK.

Astronautshavesuccessfullygrown10differentcropsonthespacestationsince2015andhadthechancetosampleeachone.TheInternationalSpaceStationhostedapartyforastronautsonFridayastheycelebratedtheharvestofthefirstChili（辣椒）growninspace.ThecrewfinallyhadachancetotastethepeppersafterinitiallytheplantexperimentonthespacestationinJuly.

PlantHabitat-04isoneofthemostcomplexplantexperimentsontheorbitinglaboratorytodatebecausepepperstakemuchlongertogrowthanthepreviousexperimentplants.Aftergrowingforfourmonths,thepepperswereharvestedonFriday.

PeppersprovideagreatsourceofvitaminC，aswellasotherkeynutrients.Pepperplantsself-pollinate,sotheyareeasytogrow,andtheyareapick-and-eatcropthatdoesn'thavetobecooked.Theyarealsosafetoeatraw.

Asideeffectoflifeinzerogravityisthatastronautsoftenlosesomeoftheirtasteandsmell,sospicyorwell-seasonedfoodsareafavorite.Addingfreshgreensorpepperstothemenuallowsastronautstolivenuptheirregularmeals.Butgrowingandtendingtotheplantscanalsoproduceotherbenefits.

Astronautshavedescribedthejoyfromseeing-aswellassmellingandcaringfor-leafygreenplantsonthespacestationthatremindthemofEarth.

"Growingcolorfulvegetablesinspacecanhavelong-termbenefitsforphysicalandpsychologicalhealth,"saidMattRomeyn,principalinvestigatorfortheexperiment."Wearediscoveringthatgrowingplantsandvegetableswithcolorsandsmellshelpstoimproveastronauts'well-being."8.Whatdoesunderlined"kickingoff"inthe2ndparagraphmean？______A.Launch. B.Complete. C.Quit. D.Announce.9.WhatmakesPlantHabitat-04oneofthemostcomplexplantexperiments？______A.Thetechnology. B.Growingprocess.

C.Thevarietiesofplants. D.Growingtimerequired.10.Whyarepeppersaddedtothemenuforastronauts？______A.Theyaredelicious. B.Theyrestoretheirappetite.

C.Theyhelpkilldiseases. D.Theyimprovetheirmemory.11.Whatisthesuitabletitleforthetext？______A.TheFunintheSpaceLife

B.TheCommonGoalintheSpaceMission

C.TheFirstChiliPeppersGrowninSpace

D.AResearchFindingfromtheSpaceMissionDWhenansweringaquestion,yoursilencemightsaymorethanyourwords.Anewpsychologystudyhasfoundpausingbeforereplying,evenforjustafewseconds,canmakeyouseemmoreinsincereordishonest.Thatperception（感知）ofdishonestymightnotbetooinaccurate,either.Numerousstudiessuggestpeopleareslowertorespondwhentheyarenotbeingtruthful,possiblybecauseittakesmorementalworktoblockatruthfulresponseorfabricate（編造）analternative.

What'sbeenlessclearishowwellourlieshavebeenfoolingpeople.Somestudiessuggestdelayedanswerscomeacrossasinsinceretothelistener.Othersfindnorelationshipbetweenthetwo,andstillmorehavefoundtheopposite：Abitofhesitationincreasesourperceptionofsincerity.Thesefindingsareinconsistentandconfusing.Theyarealsomostlybasedoncorrelations.Eventhefewstudiesthathaveactuallylookedatcausalrelationshipsoftendidn'tconsiderconfusingfactorsthatcouldalsogiveawayaliaroraninsincerespeaker.

Thenewresearchseekstoimprovesomeofthoselimitationsbyexaminingthousandsofpeopleunderavarietyofconditions.Together,itinvolvesmorethan7，500individualsinatotalof14experiments.Onthewhole,theauthorsfoundanimmediateresponsewasperceivedasmoresincere,whileadelayedresponse,evenadelayasbriefastwoseconds,wasseenasmoreinsincere."Evaluatingotherpeople'ssincerityisanimportantpartofsocialinteractions."saysconsumerbehaviourresearcherIgnazioZiano.

"Itwouldbeunfairfortheresponder,suchasacrimesuspect,iftheresponsedelaywasmisattributedto（錯(cuò)誤地歸因于）thoughtsuppression（抑制）oranswerfabricationwhenitwasinfactcausedbyadifferentfactor,suchassimplybeingdistractedorthoughtful."explainsZiano.12.Whatcanweinferfromthefirstparagraph？______A.Theperceptionofdishonestydependsonyoursilence.

B.Preparingatruthfulresponseneedsmorementalwork.

C.Theimpressionofdishonestyisn'talwaysaccurate.

D.Quickerrepliestoquestionsmakeyouseemreliable.13.Accordingtoparagraph3，howdoresearcherscarryouttheirresearch？______A.Bystudyingthefindingsofseveralpreviousresearchprojects.

B.Byexaminingthousandsofpeopleinvarioussituations.

C.Bycollectingdatafromthedatabasefromanewresearch.

D.Byanalyzingthecircumstancesoftheresponsesinvolved.14.WhydoesZianosayitisunfairfortheresponderinthelastparagraph？______A.Listenersshouldignorethepauses.

B.Arealcriminalcouldescapequietly.

C.Therespondermaybejudgedwrongly.

D.Theresponsedelayaffectspeople'spreference.15.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom？______A.Adiary. B.Aguidebook. C.Abrochure. D.Amagazine.二、閱讀七選五（本大題共5小題，共12.5分）ItwasJenniferWilliams'smotherwhogotherinterestedinbooks.Shereadtoherthreechildreneveryday."Notuntilwewenttokindergarten,"Williamstold,alocalnewssite."Untilwewenttocollege."WhenWilliams,now54，becameanelementaryschoolteacherandtutorinDanvill,shewantedherstudentstofallinlovewithreadingjustasshehad.(16)

ToWilliams,thesolutionwassimple：Givekidsbooks.In2017shegaveaway900usedchildren'sbooksoverthreedays.(17)"Iwaslike,'Anybodycoulddothat,'"shesaid."Iwantedtodosomethingbigger."

Soshesetanewgoalforherself：(18)Itsoundslikeanunreachablenumber,butasWilliamspostedonFacebook："Don'tcomplainintheseatsatasportsgroundifyouaren'twillingtoworkhardoutonthefield."

Soshegottoworkfirstbypersuadingfriendstodonatebooksormoneytobuybooks.(19)Asquicklyasthebookscomein,Williamsgivesthemtolocalschools-freeofcharge-andalsosuppliesbookstolittlefreelibraries.

Inthefouryearsshe'sbeendoingallthis,theBookLady,hasgivenawaymorethan78，000books-only922，000moretoreachhergoal!(20)Becauseit'sextremelyimportantforkidstohavemorebookstochoosefromwhilereading.

A.Andshe'snotslowingdown.

B.Togiveawayonemillionbooks.

C.IwasquiteproudofthebookIhadread.

D.Mostpeoplewouldbesatisfiedwiththatnumber.

E.Becomethepersonwhogivesawaythemostbooks.

F.Then,asnewsspread,strangersstarteddonatingbookstoher.

G.However,sherealizedthatsomekidshadlimitedaccesstobooks.16.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G20.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空（本大題共15小題，共15.0分）Nevercriticizesomeoneuntilyouhavewalkedinamileintheirshoes.Duringthepast25years，I'veoftenfoundthatthesayinghashelpedmesee(21)fromadifferentview.

OnceIwasonmywaytoapartywithseveral(22).Aswewereleavingtheoffice，wemetanotherone，Wendy，whohad(23)plannedtoattendtheevent.Weaskedhertogotogether，butshe(24)ourinvitationrudely.Theotherswerequiteannoyedandclearly(25)withWendy'sbehavior.

(26)howtiredWendyappeared，Icommentedthatperhapsweshouldpardonher.Shewasobviouslyhavinga(27)day，anditwasn'tworthholdingagrudge（惡意）againstherifweweren't(28)ofwhatledtoherunusualbehavior.Aweeklater，I(29)thatWendyhadaseriousillness.Wendywasn'tbeingrudetous(30).

Whetherit'safamilymemberwholetme(31)，afriendwhodoesn'tkeephis(32)，oradifficultworkmate，thesaying(33)me.Althoughit'snotalwayseasyto(34)，I'vebeenabletogetridofalotof(35)overtheyearsbyfocusingonit.21.

A.faults B.situations C.complaints D.evidences22.

A.customers B.fellows C.neighbors D.relatives23.

A.just B.seldom C.previously D.quickly24.

A.refused B.accepted C.suspected D.ignored25.

A.angry B.strict C.worried D.pleased26.

A.Respondingto B.Reflectingon C.Apartfrom D.Intermsof27.

A.busy B.lucky C.good D.bad28.

A.afraid B.aware C.proud D.fond29.

A.learned B.realized C.determined D.concluded30.

A.byaccident B.onduty C.onpurpose D.inreturn31.

A.out B.in C.down D.off32.

A.judgment B.dignity C.balance D.promise33.

A.honors B.disturbs C.guides D.comforts34.

A.persuade B.achieve C.forgive D.calculate35.

A.habits B.danger C.ideas D.annoyance四、語(yǔ)法填空（本大題共1小題，共15.0分）36.Poetry（詩(shī)歌），（1）______commonformofliterature，playsanimportantroleinancientChina.Atthattime，therewerenoTVsorfilms，and（2）______（write）hadnotbeeninvented，sopeoplewouldsitaroundthefireatnightandsingsongs.Sincenothingwassetdown，differentversionsofthesesongs（3）______（create），andeachareawouldhaveitsownrhythm（韻律）.Asthesesongswereoftenquitelong，theyoftenhadrhymeandrhythm（4）______（help）peoplerememberthemmoreeasily.Whileinthe（5）______（begin）suchsongshadaverysimpleformat，overtimetheybecamemoredifficultand（6）______（pretty）.Thesewerenolongertheworksofamateurs（業(yè)余愛(ài)好者）sittingaroundafire，（7）______worksoftruepoetswhocaredabouttheirartandwhosometimesmadealivingfromit.

Poetryplayswithsounds，words，andgrammar，（8）______makespoetrydifficulttowritebutveryinterestingtoread.Infact，thetraditionofwritingandreadingpoemshasbeenpassing（9）______overthegenerations.（10）______isamazingthatnowevenmorepeoplearetryingtowritepoemsbythemselves!(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)五、書(shū)面表達(dá)（本大題共2小題，共40.0分）37.假定你是李華，想邀請(qǐng)外教Henry一起參觀中國(guó)詩(shī)詞大會(huì)（ChineseAncientPoetryCompetition）。請(qǐng)給他寫(xiě)封郵件，內(nèi)容包括：

（1）詩(shī)詞大會(huì)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)（5月12下周日）；（2）舉辦該活動(dòng)的目的和意義；（3）期待回復(fù)

注意：（1）詞數(shù)100左右；

（2）可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。38.閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫(xiě)兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。

Amancamehomefromworklate，tiredandirritated（不耐煩的），tofindhis5-year-oldsonwaitingforhimatthedoor.

"Daddy，mayIaskyouaquestion？"

"Yeahsure，whatisit？"repliedtheman.

"Daddy，howmuchdoyoumakeanhour？"

"That'snoneofyourbusiness.Whydoyouasksuchathing？"themansaidangrily.

"Ijustwanttoknow.Pleasetellme.Howmuchdoyoumakeanhour？"pleadedthelittleboy.

"Ifyoumustknow，Imake＄20anhour."

"Oh，"thelittleboyreplied，withhisheaddown.Lookingup，hesaid，"Daddy，mayIpleaseborrow＄10？"

Thefatherwasangry，"Iftheonlyreasonyouaskedthatisthatyoucanborrowsomemoneytobuyasillytoyorsomeothernonsense，thenyoumarchyourselfstraighttoyourroomandgotobed.Thinkaboutwhyyouarebeingsoselfish.Iworkhardeverydayforsuchchildishbehavior."Thelittleboyquietlywenttohisroomandshutthedoor.Themansatdownandstartedtogetevenangrieraboutthelittleboy'squestions."Howdareheasksuchquestionsonlytogetsomemoney？"hethoughttohimself.Afteraboutanhourorso，themancalmeddown，andstartedtothink：Maybetherewassomethinghereallyneededtobuywiththat＄10andhereallydidn'taskformoneyveryoften.Themanwenttothedoorofthelittleboy'sroomandopenedthedoor."Areyouasleep，son？"heasked.

"No，daddy，I'mawake，"repliedtheboy.

"I'vebeenthinking，maybeIwastoohardonyouearlier，"saidtheman."IthasbeenalongdayandItookoutmyangeronyou.Here'sthe＄10youaskedfor."

Thelittleboysatstraightup，smiling."Oh.Thankyou，daddy!"heyelled.Then，reachingunderhispillowhepulledoutsomecrumpled（皺巴巴的）bills.

注意：

1.所續(xù)寫(xiě)短文的詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；

2.續(xù)寫(xiě)部分分為兩段，每段的開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)已為你寫(xiě)好。

Paragraph1：

Theman，seeingthattheboyalreadyhadmoneystartedtogetangryagain.__________________

Paragraph2：

Notknowingwhathissonmeant，thefatherjuststoodthere，waitingforhisboy'sexplanation.___________

答案和解析1~3.【答案】B、A、D【解析】（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Plastic

Bank部分的The

company

does

this

by

rewarding

people

who

collect

ocean

plastic

with

cash，goods，or

services.（該公司通過(guò)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)那些收集海洋塑料的人現(xiàn)金、商品或服務(wù)來(lái)做到這一點(diǎn)。）可知，該公司通過(guò)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)收集者的方式來(lái)幫助減少塑料污染。故選B。

（2）推理判斷題。根據(jù)Liter

of

Light部分的The

company

attaches

plastic

bottles

filled

with

water

and

bleach

to

roofs.They

reflect

sunlight

into

the

dark，windowless

homes

during

the

day.

（該公司將裝滿水和漂白劑的塑料瓶貼在屋頂上。白天，它們把陽(yáng)光反射到黑暗、沒(méi)有窗戶的房子里。）可知，塑料瓶通過(guò)反射陽(yáng)光成為光源，故選A。

（3）推理判斷題。根據(jù)The

Ocean

Cleanup

Foundation部分的In

2013，18-year-old

Boyan

Slat

dropped

out

of

college

to

start

The

Ocean

Cleanup

Foundation.The

young

inventor

developed

the

first

operational

cleanup

system

in

the

Great

Pacific

Garbage

Patch.The

system

is

designed

to

collect

the

surface

garbage

as

it

floats

past.

（2013年，18歲的博揚(yáng)?斯拉特從大學(xué)輟學(xué)，創(chuàng)辦了海洋清理基金會(huì)。這位年輕的發(fā)明家在大太平洋垃圾帶開(kāi)發(fā)了第一個(gè)可操作的清理系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)目的是收集漂浮在水面上的垃圾。）可知，Boyan

Slat為了保護(hù)海洋環(huán)境，從大學(xué)退學(xué)去成立海洋清理基金會(huì)，說(shuō)明他意志力"堅(jiān)定"；他發(fā)明了第一個(gè)可操作的清理系統(tǒng)，說(shuō)明他是"有創(chuàng)造力"。A．Learned

and

ambitious.博學(xué)而有抱負(fù)的；B．Devoted

and

dutiful.盡職盡責(zé)的；C．Hard-working

and

optimistic.勤奮，樂(lè)觀的；D．Determined

and

creative.有決心，有創(chuàng)造力的。故選D。

本文是應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了一些公司和個(gè)人開(kāi)發(fā)出的各種減少塑料污染的方法。

一、速讀全文，了解大意知主題。

閱讀能力一般指閱讀速度和理解能力兩個(gè)方面。閱讀速度是閱讀最基本的能力，考生必須在十分有限的時(shí)間內(nèi)運(yùn)用略讀、掃讀、跳讀等技巧快速閱讀，搜尋關(guān)鍵詞、主題句，捕捉時(shí)空、順序、情節(jié)、人物、觀點(diǎn)，并且理清文章脈絡(luò)，把握語(yǔ)篇實(shí)質(zhì)。

二、看題干，帶著問(wèn)題讀文章。

首先要掌握問(wèn)題的類型，客觀信息題可以從文章中直接找到答案；而主觀判斷題考查的是對(duì)文章的感情基調(diào)等，這類題必須經(jīng)過(guò)對(duì)作者的態(tài)度、意圖以及對(duì)整篇文章進(jìn)行深一層的推理等。其次，了解試題題干以及各個(gè)選項(xiàng)所包含的信息，然后有針對(duì)性地對(duì)文章進(jìn)行掃讀，對(duì)有關(guān)信息進(jìn)行快速定位。此法加強(qiáng)了閱讀的針對(duì)性，提高了做題的準(zhǔn)確率。

三、邏輯推理，做好深層理解題。

在實(shí)際閱讀中，有時(shí)作者并未把意圖說(shuō)出來(lái)，閱讀者要根據(jù)字面意思，通過(guò)語(yǔ)篇邏輯關(guān)系，研究細(xì)節(jié)的暗示，推敲作者的態(tài)度，理解文章的寓義。要求讀者對(duì)文字的表面信息進(jìn)行分析、挖掘和邏輯推理，不能就事論事，以偏概全。推理題在提問(wèn)中常用的詞有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。

四、猜詞悟義，掃除閱讀攔路虎。

猜詞是應(yīng)用英語(yǔ)的重要能力。它不但需要準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤地理解上下文，而且要有較大的泛讀量，掌握或認(rèn)識(shí)較多的課外詞匯。我們要學(xué)會(huì)"順藤摸瓜"，通過(guò)構(gòu)詞，語(yǔ)法，定義，同位，對(duì)比，因果，常識(shí)，上下文等線索確定詞義。

4~7.【答案】D、C、B、A【解析】（1）D.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的"Thoughdietandexerciseareconsistentlyrecommendedaswaystopromotehealth???????????，thisstudyisthefirsttoexaminethelong-lasting????????，combinedeffectsofbothfactorswhentheyareexperiencedearlyinlife.???????????盡管飲食和鍛煉一直被推薦為促進(jìn)健康的方法，但這項(xiàng)研究是第一次對(duì)這兩種因素在生命早期經(jīng)歷時(shí)的長(zhǎng)期、綜合影響進(jìn)行研究?？芍@項(xiàng)新研究的獨(dú)特之處在于它強(qiáng)調(diào)了早期運(yùn)動(dòng)和飲食的共同影響。故選D。

（2）C.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的"Toobtainthem??，theresearchersdividedtheyoungmiceintofourgroups

????????—

thosewithaccesstoexercise????，thosewithoutaccess??，thosefedastandard???，healthydietandthosethatateaWesterndiet.????????為了獲得它們，研究人員將年輕的老鼠分成四組--有鍛煉機(jī)會(huì)的，沒(méi)有鍛煉機(jī)會(huì)的，吃標(biāo)準(zhǔn)健康飲食的和吃西方飲食的。"可知，研究人員通過(guò)對(duì)老鼠進(jìn)行分組實(shí)驗(yàn)得到研究結(jié)果。故選C。

（3）B.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段的"Ithelpscontrolbodyweightprimarilybyloweringthesensationofhungerandalsobyincreasingenergyconsumption.它主要通過(guò)降低饑餓感和增加能量消耗來(lái)幫助控制體重。"可知，瘦身素的主要功能是降低食欲。故選B。

（4）A.情感態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段的"Together，bothstudiesoffercriticalopportunitiesforhealthinterventionsinchildhoodhabits.Thefindingsmayberelevantforunderstandingthepotentialeffectsofactivityreductionsanddietarychangesassociatedwithfatness.????????????????????????????這兩項(xiàng)研究共同提供了對(duì)兒童習(xí)慣進(jìn)行健康干預(yù)的關(guān)鍵機(jī)會(huì)。這些發(fā)現(xiàn)可能與理解減少活動(dòng)和飲食變化與肥胖相關(guān)的潛在影響有關(guān)?？芍?，作者對(duì)早期生活習(xí)慣的健康干預(yù)持支持態(tài)度。A.Favorably支持地；B.Critically批評(píng)地；C.Indifferently漠不關(guān)心地；D.Doubtfully懷疑地。故選A。

這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)兒童時(shí)期的鍛煉和健康飲食可以使其成年后擁有更大的大腦和更低的焦慮水平。

閱讀理解解題步驟：首先對(duì)原文材料迅速瀏覽，掌握全文的主旨大意，因?yàn)殚喿x理解題一般沒(méi)有標(biāo)題，所以，速讀全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速讀的過(guò)程中，應(yīng)盡可能多地捕獲信息材料；其次細(xì)讀題材，各個(gè)擊破，掌握全文的大意之后，細(xì)細(xì)閱讀每篇材料后的問(wèn)題，弄清每題要求后，帶著問(wèn)題，再回到原文中去尋找、捕獲有關(guān)信息，要善于抓住每段的主題句，閱讀時(shí)，要有較強(qiáng)的針對(duì)性，對(duì)于捕獲到的信息，要做認(rèn)真分析，仔細(xì)推敲，理解透徹，只有這樣，針對(duì)題目要求，才能做到穩(wěn)、準(zhǔn)。

8~11.【答案】A、D、B、C【解析】（1）A.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段ThecrewfinallyhadachancetotastethepeppersafterinitiallykickingofftheplantexperimentonthespacestationinJuly.（今年7月，宇航員們?cè)诳臻g站開(kāi)始了植物實(shí)驗(yàn)，終于有機(jī)會(huì)品嘗辣椒。）"前一句說(shuō)宇航員最終能夠品嘗辣椒，后文initially表示"最初"，可知，宇航員最初開(kāi)始植物實(shí)驗(yàn)，才能在最后收獲辣椒，所以kickoff的意思是"開(kāi)始"，A.Launch啟動(dòng)；B.Complete完成；C.Quit放棄；D.Announce宣布。故選A項(xiàng)。

（2）D.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段PlantHabitat-04isoneofthemostcomplexplantexperimentsontheorbitinglaboratorytodatebecausepepperstakemuchlongertogrowthanthepreviousexperimentplants.（植物棲息地04是軌道實(shí)驗(yàn)室迄今為止最復(fù)雜的植物實(shí)驗(yàn)之一，因?yàn)槔苯返纳L(zhǎng)時(shí)間比之前的實(shí)驗(yàn)植物長(zhǎng)得多。）"可知，植物棲息地04最復(fù)雜的原因在于其所需要的生長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。故選D項(xiàng)。

（3）B.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段Asideeffectoflifeinzerogravityisthatastronautsoftenlosesomeoftheirtasteandsmell,sospicyorwell-seasonedfoodsareafavorite.Addingfreshgreensorpepperstothemenuallowsastronautstolivenuptheirregularmeals.（零重力生活的一個(gè)副作用是，宇航員經(jīng)常會(huì)失去一些味覺(jué)和嗅覺(jué)，所以辛辣或調(diào)味好的食物是他們的最愛(ài)。在菜單中加入新鮮的綠色蔬菜或辣椒可以讓宇航員的日常飲食更有活力。）可知，在宇航員的食譜中加入辣椒是為了讓他們恢復(fù)食欲。故選B項(xiàng)。

（4）C.標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)第二段TheInternationalSpaceStationhostedapartyforastronautsonFridayastheycelebratedtheharvestofthefirstChili（辣椒）growninspace.（周五，國(guó)際空間站為宇航員舉辦了一個(gè)派對(duì)，慶祝第一批太空辣椒的收獲。）可知，辣椒首次在太空被成功種植。后文緊接著說(shuō)明太空辣椒的必要性，所以全文都在說(shuō)太空的首次辣椒種植。所以"C.The

First

Chili

Peppers

Grown

in

Space"為最佳標(biāo)題。故選C項(xiàng)。

本文是說(shuō)明文，描述了第一個(gè)在太空種植的辣椒。

做題時(shí)要通讀全文，把握大意，然后結(jié)合題干及選項(xiàng)做出正確的選擇。

12~15.【答案】D、B、C、D【解析】（1）D.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段Anewpsychologystudyhasfoundpausingbeforereplying,evenforjustafewseconds,canmakeyouseemmoreinsincereordishonest.（一項(xiàng)新的心理學(xué)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在回答之前停頓一下，即使只有幾秒鐘，也會(huì)讓你看起來(lái)更不真誠(chéng)或不誠(chéng)實(shí)。）可知，更快地回答問(wèn)題會(huì)讓你看起來(lái)可靠。故選D。

（2）B.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段Thenewresearchseekstoimprovesomeofthoselimitationsbyexaminingthousandsofpeopleunderavarietyofconditions.（這項(xiàng)新研究試圖通過(guò)對(duì)數(shù)千人在各種條件下進(jìn)行調(diào)查來(lái)改善其中一些局限性。）可知，研究人員通過(guò)對(duì)數(shù)千人在不同情況下的調(diào)查來(lái)進(jìn)行他們的研究。故選B。

（3）C.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段Itwouldbeunfairfortheresponder,suchasacrimesuspect,iftheresponsedelaywasmisattributedtothoughtsuppression

oranswerfabricationwhenitwasinfactcausedbyadifferentfactor,suchassimplybeingdistractedorthoughtful.（如果反應(yīng)延遲被錯(cuò)誤地歸咎于思維抑制或編造答案，而實(shí)際上是由其他因素造成的，比如單純的分心或深思熟慮，這對(duì)應(yīng)答者來(lái)說(shuō)是不公平的。）可知，Ziano說(shuō)這對(duì)回應(yīng)者是不公平的是因?yàn)榛貞?yīng)者可能會(huì)被錯(cuò)誤地判斷。故選C。

（4）D.文章來(lái)源題。根據(jù)第一段Anewpsychologystudyhasfoundpausingbeforereplying,evenforjustafewseconds,canmakeyouseemmoreinsincereordishonest.（一項(xiàng)新的心理學(xué)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在回答之前停頓一下，即使只有幾秒鐘，也會(huì)讓你看起來(lái)更不真誠(chéng)或不誠(chéng)實(shí)。）可知，本文主要講的是一項(xiàng)新的心理學(xué)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在回答之前停頓一下，即使只有幾秒鐘，也會(huì)讓你看起來(lái)更不真誠(chéng)或不誠(chéng)實(shí)，是說(shuō)明一個(gè)研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)，因此最有可能來(lái)自于雜志。A.A

diary一本日記；B.A

guidebook一本指南；C.A

brochure一本小冊(cè)子；D.A

magazine一本雜志。故選D。

本文是一篇社會(huì)文化類閱讀，主要講的是一項(xiàng)新的心理學(xué)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在回答之前停頓一下，即使只有幾秒鐘，也會(huì)讓你看起來(lái)更不真誠(chéng)或不誠(chéng)實(shí)。

做這類題材閱讀理解時(shí)要求考生對(duì)文章通讀一遍，做題時(shí)結(jié)合原文和題目有針對(duì)性的找出相關(guān)語(yǔ)句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)填寫(xiě)出正確答案。

16~20.【答案】F、E、C、A、B【解析】（1）F.推理判斷題。根據(jù)空前JenniferWilliamsisateacherfromVirginiawholovesreading.（詹妮弗?威廉姆斯是來(lái)自弗吉尼亞州的一名熱愛(ài)閱讀的教師。）可知，她是一個(gè)自己熱愛(ài)讀書(shū)的人。以及空后Soshedecidedtogiveaway1millionbookstopeopleinhersmalltown.（因此，她決定向小鎮(zhèn)上的人們贈(zèng)送100萬(wàn)本書(shū)。）可知，不僅自己愛(ài)讀書(shū)還幫助其他人讀書(shū)。F項(xiàng)：Then,as

news

spread,strangers

started

donating

books

to

her.（她想幫助喜歡閱讀的人自由地享受閱讀。）符合語(yǔ)境，故選F。

（2）E.推理判斷題。根據(jù)空前So,onesummer,shemadeagoaltogiveaway300bookstotheschoolwhereshehasworked.（因此，有一年夏天，她定下目標(biāo)，要向她工作過(guò)的學(xué)校贈(zèng)送300本書(shū)。）可知，她設(shè)定目標(biāo)捐很多的書(shū)，她需要尋求認(rèn)識(shí)人的幫助。E項(xiàng)：Become

the

person

who

gives

away

the

most

books.（她問(wèn)她認(rèn)識(shí)的人是否愿意捐贈(zèng)給兒童。）符合語(yǔ)境，故選E。

（3）C.推理判斷題。根據(jù)空前Everyyear,shegivesabooktoeachstudentatherlocalprimaryschool.（每年，她都會(huì)給當(dāng)?shù)匦W(xué)的每個(gè)學(xué)生一本書(shū)。）可知，她給別人捐書(shū)。以及空后Standingacrossthestreetare16tinylibrariesthatWilliamshaskept.（街對(duì)面是威廉姆斯保留的16個(gè)小型圖書(shū)館。）可知，她還以圖書(shū)館的形式把書(shū)捐給別人。C項(xiàng)：I

was

quite

proud

of

the

book

I

had

read.（她還以其他方式把書(shū)送給別人。）符合語(yǔ)境，故選C。

（4）A.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)空后Williamssaidhercommunityhasunitedtohelpherachievehergoal.（威廉姆斯說(shuō)，她的社區(qū)團(tuán)結(jié)起來(lái)幫助她實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)。）可知，她得到了社區(qū)的支持。A項(xiàng)：And

she's

not

slowing

down.（她的社區(qū)也非常支持她。）符合語(yǔ)境，故選A。

（5）B.推理判斷題。根據(jù)空前AsforWilliams,shesaidshedidn'tplantoslowdownanytimesoon.（至于威廉姆斯，她說(shuō)她不打算在短時(shí)間內(nèi)放慢腳步。）可知，她決定要繼續(xù)這個(gè)偉大的事業(yè)。B項(xiàng)：To

give

away

one

million

books.（她的目標(biāo)是繼續(xù)做她現(xiàn)在正在做的事情。）符合語(yǔ)境，故選B。

本文是記敘文。講述了弗吉尼亞州的一名熱愛(ài)閱讀的教師幫助其他人讀書(shū)的故事。

閱讀理解題測(cè)試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系，對(duì)未說(shuō)明的趨勢(shì)或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點(diǎn)理論，對(duì)文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋?？忌紫纫屑?xì)閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準(zhǔn)確把握作者觀點(diǎn)。

21~35.【答案】B、B、C、A、A、B、D、B、A、C、C、D、C、C、D【解析】（1）B.考查名詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.faults錯(cuò)誤；B.situations形勢(shì)；C.complaints抱怨；D.evidence證據(jù)。根據(jù)下文"Theotherswerequiteannoyedandclearly（5）withWendy'sbehaviour."和"Shewasobviouslyhavinga（7）day，anditwasn'tworthholdingagrudge（惡意）againstherifweweren't（8）ofwhatledtoherunusualbehaviour."可知，作者的確不同于其他人對(duì)待令人生氣的事情的態(tài)度，懂得換位思考，換個(gè)角度考慮問(wèn)題。故選B項(xiàng)。

（2）B.考查名詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.customers顧客；B.fellows同事；C.neighbors鄰居；D.relatives親戚。根據(jù)后文"Aswewereleavingtheoffice，wemetanotherone，"可知，與作者同行的是她的同事。故選B項(xiàng)。

（3）C.考查副詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.just剛剛；B.seldom很少；C.previously之前；D.quickly快速地。根據(jù)后文"Weaskedhertogotogether，"可知，溫蒂在與作者相遇之前，應(yīng)當(dāng)原本是打算一道去參加活動(dòng)的。故選C項(xiàng)。

（4）A.考查動(dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.refused拒絕；B.accepted接受；C.suspected懷疑；D.ignored忽略。根據(jù)空前"Weaskedhertogotogeher，but..."可知，原本我們是約好一起去派對(duì)的，可令我們意想不到的是，溫蒂卻臨時(shí)變卦，且態(tài)度粗暴地回應(yīng)我們。故選A項(xiàng)。

（5）A.考查形容詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.angry生氣的；B.strict嚴(yán)格的；C.worried擔(dān)憂的；D.pleased高興的。根據(jù)前文"Theotherswerequiteannoyed"可知，溫蒂如此粗暴的態(tài)度，我的幾位同事應(yīng)該感到生氣。故選A項(xiàng)。

（6）B.考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)及語(yǔ)境理解。A.Resondingto回應(yīng)；B.Reflectingon回想；C.Apartfrom除了；D.Intermsof就……而言。根據(jù)后文"Icommentedthatperhapsweshouldforgiveher."可知，作者此時(shí)應(yīng)當(dāng)是與溫蒂分開(kāi)之后，回想起她當(dāng)時(shí)的精神狀態(tài)，試著理解她如此反常的態(tài)度。故選B項(xiàng)。

（7）D.考查形容詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.busy忙碌的；B.lucky幸運(yùn)的；C.good好的；D.bad壞的。根據(jù)前文"Icommentedthatperhapsweshouldforgiveher."可知，作者此時(shí)應(yīng)當(dāng)是換位思考，猜想溫蒂應(yīng)當(dāng)是工作累了一天，因此導(dǎo)致她發(fā)脾氣，認(rèn)為她的行為是事出有因。故選D項(xiàng)。

（8）B.考查形容詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.afraid害怕的；B.aware意識(shí)到的；C.proud驕傲的；D.fond喜愛(ài)的。根據(jù)下文"Aweeklater，I

（9）thatWendyhadaseriousillness."可知，作者認(rèn)為不明白溫蒂反常行為背后的原因，只是心中憤懣是沒(méi)有意義的。故選B項(xiàng)。

（9）A.考查動(dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.learned得知；B.realized意識(shí)到；C.determined決心；D.concluded下結(jié)論。根據(jù)后文"Wendyhadaseriousillness."可知，作者得知了溫蒂生病的消息，終于明白了她上次行為反常的原因了。故選A項(xiàng)。

（10）C.考查介詞短語(yǔ)及語(yǔ)境理解。A.byaccident意外地；B.onduty值班；C.onpurpose故意；D.inreturn作為回報(bào)。根據(jù)前文"Weaskedhertogotogether，butshe

（4）ouriniationroughly（粗暴地）."可知，作者也就明白了溫蒂當(dāng)時(shí)并非是對(duì)我們粗魯，而是因?yàn)榈弥约夯贾夭〉南⒍臒┮鈦y。故選C項(xiàng)。

（11）C.考查介詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.out向外；B.in里面；C.down向下；D.off離開(kāi)。letsbdown意為"讓某人感到失望"。根據(jù)后文"afriendwhobetrayed（背叛）my（12）oradifficultworkmate"都指讓我們感到生氣的身邊的人。故選C項(xiàng)。

（12）D.考查名詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.judgment判斷；B.dignity尊嚴(yán)；C.balance平衡；D.promise承諾。根據(jù)后文"oradifficultworkmate"可知，作者列舉了生活中我們親近的人也許會(huì)非常讓我們惱火生氣，難相處的同事和背信棄義的朋友，這些都需要我們以不同的角度和釋然的態(tài)度看待。keepone'spromise意為"信守承諾"，故選D項(xiàng)。

（13）C.考查動(dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.honors尊敬；B.disturbs打擾；C.guides指引；D.comforts安慰。根據(jù)前文"I'veoftenfoundthatthemessageusedtobeonmyfridgehashelpedmesee

（1）fromadifferentview."可知，冰箱上的標(biāo)語(yǔ)一直指導(dǎo)作者擺脫生活中的煩惱。故選C項(xiàng)。

（14）C.考查動(dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.persuade說(shuō)服；B.achieve實(shí)現(xiàn)；C.forgive原諒；D.calculate計(jì)算。根據(jù)后文"I'vebeenabletogetridofalotof（15）overtheyearsbyfocusingonit."和轉(zhuǎn)折連詞although可知，盡管換位思考，不動(dòng)輒批評(píng)他人并不容易作者這些年還是通過(guò)這種方式，成功地消除了很多生活中很難原諒的煩悶不滿和生氣等內(nèi)心負(fù)能量。故選C項(xiàng)。

（15）D.考查名詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.habits習(xí)慣；B.danger危險(xiǎn)；C.ideas想法；D.annoyance煩惱。根據(jù)前文"Theotherswerequiteannoyed