中譯英中的“倒譯”現(xiàn)象

中譯英中的“倒譯”現(xiàn)象一、主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)換位翻譯所謂主賓換位翻譯是指在翻譯時(shí)將英語(yǔ)句子中的主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)換一下位置，使其主語(yǔ)譯成漢語(yǔ)句子中的賓語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ)譯成漢語(yǔ)句子中的主語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)詞語(yǔ)failseatAbsorblosehappendressDevotecometakeplacecostblameLayoccur（to）TakeSurprisedenystrikeowe,WorryRemainexistengageAmazeSee=experiencedesertDressAmuseappealtoescapeLocatePuzzleHelponeselftooccupyAdaptfaceInneedofcoverAccustomLeaveInshortsupply例句分析Hisheartfailedhim.（他失去了勇氣。） =toabandon;Hisinnocencecosthimhislife.（他為自己的無(wú)知付出了生命的代價(jià)。）=tocausetoloseMeasureshavetobetakentopreventsuchdiseasesfrominfectingmorepeople.（必須采取措施防止這類疾病傳染） =tocommunicatediseasetoIfanythingshouldhappentothemachine,pleaseletusknow.（如果機(jī)器出了什么毛病，請(qǐng)通知我們。） happen:vi.Atthemostcrucialmoment,hisself-confidencedesertedhim.（在最關(guān)鍵的時(shí)刻，他失去了信心。）Sheowedherhealthtodietandphysicalexercise.Herhealthisowingtodietandphysicalexercise.（她的健康歸功于飲食和鍛煉）Thewordfinallycametome.（我終于記起了那個(gè)詞。）Goodworksappealtoeveryone.（人人都喜愛(ài)好的作品。）Suddenlyagoodideaoccurredtome.（突然我想到了一個(gè)好主意。）Somethinghasgonewrongwiththecomputer.（這臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)出了毛病。）ThepasttwentyyearshasseengreatchangeshappeninginChina.InthepasttwentyyearsgreatchangeshavehappenedinChina.（中國(guó)在過(guò)去的二十年里發(fā)生了巨大的變化。）Doestheideaofworkingforaventurecompanyappealtoyou?（你有沒(méi)有興趣到合資企業(yè)去工作?）Manyproblemsremainedafterthegroupofexpertsleft.（專家組走后留下了許多問(wèn)題。）Wearenowfacedwithalotofnewproblems.Manynewproblemsarefacingusnow.（我們現(xiàn)在面臨著許多新問(wèn)題。）Toreachthedestinationwilltakeusoneortwodays.

（我們得花上一兩天的時(shí)間才能到達(dá)目的地。）Onewhoplayswithfirewillburnhimselfintheend.（玩火者必自焚）Studentsshouldbeencouragedtoapplywhattheyhavelearnedtopractice.（應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生把學(xué)到的知識(shí)應(yīng)用于實(shí)踐）相關(guān)考查方式時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)、詞語(yǔ)搭配、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞相關(guān)的MC試題；Thecastleformorethanonehundredyearsappealstothousandoftouristseveryyear.A.existingB.havingexistedC.existedD.beingexistedFivesoldierswerereportedtohaveintheoccupiedareaofFrance.A.lostB.beenlosingC.beenlostD.losingIntheshadealittleboyinreadingastorybook.A.seated;absorbingB.sat;absorbedC.beingseated;beingabsorbedD.sat;absorbingMrs.Curie,tolivinginthatsmalltown,isnowgettingalongwellwithherneighbors.A.adaptingB.havingadaptedC.havingbeenadaptedD.adaptedNooneelsewasseenthereexceptthatpoorboysobbing.A.leavingB.beingleftC.havingleftD.leftinthissubjectforyears,heisthoughttobetheverypersontoleadthecommittee.A.engagingB.havingengagedC.havingbeenengagedD.engaged二、前后詞句換位主要用在連詞引導(dǎo)的一些狀語(yǔ)從句當(dāng)中，如Itwasnot/won'tbelongbefore...等固定句型當(dāng)中。在這些句子中，有時(shí)往往不是將before譯成”在......之前”，而是將其譯成”以后”或”......之后才”。Itwas...before...才ItwasnItwas...before...才Itwasn't...before...就Itwillbe.before...才會(huì)Itwon'tbe.before.就會(huì)...before..才；之后常見(jiàn)詞語(yǔ)句型.,instead,insteadofItis.since.inchargeofbeavailabletobefamiliartobepeculiartobeaccessibletobewelcomebeconvenienttobeimpressedon/by/with例句分析（我的英語(yǔ)學(xué)得不好。）Lookbeforeyouleap.（三思而后行。）（我的英語(yǔ)學(xué)得不好。）IamnotgoodatEnglish./Idon'tdowellinEnglishstudy.IhavemaderemarkableprogressinEnglishlearningthisterm.（這學(xué)期以來(lái)我的英語(yǔ)取得了很大進(jìn)步。）Iknockedseveraltimesbeforeanelderlyladyansweredthedoor.（我敲了幾次門(mén)以后一位老婦人才來(lái)開(kāi)門(mén)。）Newideassometimeshavetowaitforyearsbeforetheyarefullyaccepted.（有時(shí)候，新思想等待多年以后才能被人們完全接受。）Itwasnotlongbeforeeveryonecametolikehim.（不久之后人人都開(kāi)始喜歡起他來(lái)了。）Itwon'tbelongbeforeweworkoutsomeplanstopromoteoursales.（用不了多久以后我們就會(huì)拿出促銷計(jì)劃。）

Itwillbethreeyearsbeforewecanmeetagain.（三年以后我們才能再見(jiàn)面。）Itwasalmosttwoweeksbeforetheytrackeddownthefactstheyneeded（幾乎兩個(gè)星期之后他們才找到所需要的論據(jù)。）Theydon’twaitfortheteachertoexplain,instead,theytrytosolvetheproblemthemselves.Theytrytosolvetheproblemthemselvesinsteadofwaitingfortheteachertoexplain.（他們努力去自己解決問(wèn)題，而不是等著老師來(lái)講解。）Whoisinchargeofthecompany?Whoisthecompanyinthechargeof?（這家公司誰(shuí)負(fù)責(zé)？）Wouldyouattendourlectureifitisconvenienttoyou?（如您方便，可否參加我們的講座？）Hiswordsarestronglyimpressedonmymemory.Heimpressedmedeeplywithhiswords.Iwasdeeplyimpressedbyhiswords.（他的話使我深深銘記心頭。）IthasbeenyearssinceIfeltsoexcited.（我已經(jīng)很多年沒(méi)這么激動(dòng)了。）相關(guān)考查方式你知道我拿到簽證申請(qǐng)了多少次？before我已經(jīng)有兩三天沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)她了。since你認(rèn)為我們什么時(shí)候去方便？convenient這種烹調(diào)方法是東南幾省的特色。peculiar詞典應(yīng)當(dāng)放在你容易取閱的地方。accessible三、意義與形式相反的翻譯正反對(duì)調(diào)譯這種方法在翻譯中使用頻率極高，它可以運(yùn)用在詞、短語(yǔ)或句子等各個(gè)層面的翻譯中。它是指在英語(yǔ)中許多從正面表達(dá)的意義，在漢語(yǔ)中卻要從反面來(lái)表達(dá)，而在英語(yǔ)中許多從反面表達(dá)的意義，漢語(yǔ)卻又從正面來(lái)表達(dá)。即正的反著譯，反的正著譯。failtodonone—failtodonone—everyonetoo...to...onlytoo...to...too.notto.forget—rememberall/both/every...not.nothingtodobutnootherchoicebut常見(jiàn)詞語(yǔ)nomorethan—onlynolessthan—atleastnoneotherthan—ustnothingmorethan—ustsecondtononeprefer.to.prefertodo.ratherthan.wouldrather.than.morethananyothernot...untilcan't/cannot.too/over/enoughcan't/couldn't+do+comparisonknowbetterthantodocannothelpbutdocannotbeworse/betterlessimportant/moresad例句分析英語(yǔ)從正面表達(dá)，漢語(yǔ)譯文從反面表達(dá)Hastemakeswaste.（欲速則不達(dá)。）Allgoodthingsmustcometoanend.（天下沒(méi)有不散的宴席。）Heknewhewasmortallyill.（他知道自己得的是不治之癥。）Excuseme.I'matalossinrecallingyourname.（對(duì)不起，我想不起你的名字來(lái)。）Theyfailedtoaccomplishthepurpose.（他們沒(méi)有能夠完成目標(biāo)。）Whathesaidwastooperfecttobetrue.（他說(shuō)的話太過(guò)完美不可能是真的。）Themanstandingthereisnoneotherthantheoneyouwanttosee.（站在那邊的人正是你要找的人。）ItistwomonthssinceBillhassmokedacigar.（比爾已經(jīng)有兩個(gè)月不吸煙了。）IthadbeensixorsevenhourssinceIhadhadanythingtoeatanddrink.（我沒(méi)吃沒(méi)喝已經(jīng)六、七個(gè)小時(shí)了。）Thisbookistoodifficultformetoread.（這本書(shū)太難，我看不懂。）Instancesaretoonumeroustolist.（例子多得舉不勝舉。）Iwouldrathergooutforawalkthanstayintheroomdoingnothing.（我寧愿到外面去散步也不愿呆在房間里什么事也不做。）I'msurehewouldratherresignthantakepartinsuchadishonesttransaction.（我相信他寧愿辭職也不會(huì)參與那樣一樁不正當(dāng)?shù)慕灰?。）Youshouldknowbetterthantomakenoisewhiletheothersaresleeping（你應(yīng)該知道在別人睡覺(jué)時(shí)吵鬧是不對(duì)的。）Heoughttoknowbetterthantogoswimmingstraightafterameal.（他應(yīng)該知道飯后直接去游泳是不好的。）Hepreferredtostayaloneinthehotelratherthangoswimmingwithus.（他寧可獨(dú)自待在旅館也不愿和我們?nèi)ビ斡?。）英語(yǔ)從反面表達(dá)，漢語(yǔ)譯文從正面表達(dá)Hisstorywasnothingbutlies.（他的那番話純粹是謊言。）Wecandonothingnowbutwaitpatiently.我們現(xiàn)在唯一能做的就是耐心等待。）ThesumofmoneyIlenttohimwasnolessthan10,000dollars.（我借給他的錢(qián)至少有一萬(wàn)元。）Ouradvicewasnotlostonhim.（我們的勸告對(duì)他起了作用。）Suchthingscouldn'tlongescapenotice.（這類事情遲早會(huì)被人發(fā)覺(jué)的。）Thepolicewerenotgoingtolosesightofhim.（警察將會(huì)繼續(xù)監(jiān)視他的行蹤。）Wedidnotnoticethismatteruntilyesterday.（直到昨天我們才注意到這件事。）Itwasnotuntiltheteachercamethatwebegantheexperiment.（直到老師來(lái)我們才開(kāi)始實(shí)驗(yàn)。）Youcan'tbetoo/overcarefulwhenyoudriveacar.（開(kāi)車時(shí)你務(wù)必小心謹(jǐn)慎。）Wecannotbethankfulenoughtothem.（我們對(duì)他們?nèi)f分感激。）Icouldn'tagreemoreaboutit.（我對(duì)此非常贊同。）Shecouldn'thaveexplaineditmoreclearly.（她把那件事解釋得夠清楚了。）Itcan’tbeworseforastudentwhoisbehindinstudytowastesomuchtimeinplayingvideogames.（一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)上落后的學(xué)生把這么多時(shí)間浪費(fèi)在打電子游戲上，這實(shí)在是太糟了。）I’msureyouwillneverseeamorebeautifulscenethanthis.（我肯定這是你所能見(jiàn)到的最美的風(fēng)景了。）相關(guān)考查方式閱讀理解、詞匯語(yǔ)法選擇中譯英盡管做了很多努力，淮河的水質(zhì)仍然不能讓人滿意。Farfrom登山隊(duì)員們被困在山頂，只能等待救援。But她說(shuō)話時(shí)全然不顧別人的感受。Ignorant不是我不想幫你而是我的確太忙了，抽不出一點(diǎn)時(shí)間。Too他的母親總是要等到他回家才去睡覺(jué)。Not???until一個(gè)人的成功在于他傾注了多少努力，而不是他獲得了多少來(lái)自他人的幫助。Instead要不是我及時(shí)指出他的錯(cuò)誤，他就不可能那么順利的通過(guò)面試。Fail誰(shuí)也不會(huì)為了一塊面包去搶劫銀行，除非他是個(gè)瘋子。事實(shí)上那個(gè)公司全年的利潤(rùn)加起來(lái)最多也就是200多萬(wàn)元。Nomorethan除非你能回答所有的問(wèn)題，否則我們會(huì)懷疑你證書(shū)的真實(shí)性。unless中譯英中的“倒譯”現(xiàn)象、主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)換位翻譯所謂主賓換位翻譯是指在翻譯時(shí)將英語(yǔ)句子中的主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)換一下位置，使其主語(yǔ)譯成漢語(yǔ)句子中的賓語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ)譯成漢語(yǔ)句子中的主語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)詞語(yǔ)failseatAbsorblosehappendressDevotecometakeplacecostblameLayoccur（to）TakeSurprisedenystrikeowe,WorryRemainexistengageAmazeSee=experiencedesertDressAmuseappealtoescapeLocatePuzzleHelponeselftooccupyAdaptfaceInneedofcoverAccustomLeaveInshortsupply例句分析Hisheartfailedhim.（他失去了勇氣。） =toabandon;Hisinnocencecosthimhislife.（他為自己的無(wú)知付出了生命的代價(jià)。）=tocausetoloseMeasureshavetobetakentopreventsuchdiseasesfrominfectingmorepeople.（必須采取措施防止這類疾病傳染） =tocommunicatediseasetoIfanythingshouldhappentothemachine,pleaseletusknow.（如果機(jī)器出了什么毛病，請(qǐng)通知我們。） happen:vi.Atthemostcrucialmoment,hisself-confidencedesertedhim.（在最關(guān)鍵的時(shí)刻，他失去了信心。）Sheowedherhealthtodietandphysicalexercise.Herhealthisowingtodietandphysicalexercise.（她的健康歸功于飲食和鍛煉）Thewordfinallycametome.（我終于記起了那個(gè)詞。）Goodworksappealtoeveryone.（人人都喜愛(ài)好的作品。）Suddenlyagoodideaoccurredtome.（突然我想到了一個(gè)好主意。）Somethinghasgonewrongwiththecomputer.（這臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)出了毛病。）ThepasttwentyyearshasseengreatchangeshappeninginChina.InthepasttwentyyearsgreatchangeshavehappenedinChina.（中國(guó)在過(guò)去的二十年里發(fā)生了巨大的變化。）Doestheideaofworkingforaventurecompanyappealtoyou?（你有沒(méi)有興趣到合資企業(yè)去工作?）Manyproblemsremainedafterthegroupofexpertsleft.（專家組走后留下了許多問(wèn)題。）Wearenowfacedwithalotofnewproblems.Manynewproblemsarefacingusnow.（我們現(xiàn)在面臨著許多新問(wèn)題。）Toreachthedestinationwilltakeusoneortwodays.

（我們得花上一兩天的時(shí)間才能到達(dá)目的地。）Onewhoplayswithfirewillburnhimselfintheend.（玩火者必自焚）Studentsshouldbeencouragedtoapplywhattheyhavelearnedtopractice.（應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生把學(xué)到的知識(shí)應(yīng)用于實(shí)踐）相關(guān)考查方式時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)、詞語(yǔ)搭配、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞相關(guān)的MC試題；Thecastleformorethanonehundredyearsappealstothousandoftouristseveryyear.A.existingB.havingexistedC.existedD.beingexistedFivesoldierswerereportedtohaveintheoccupiedareaofFrance.A.lostB.beenlosingC.beenlostD.losingIntheshadealittleboyinreadingastorybook.A.seated;absorbingB.sat;absorbedC.beingseated;beingabsorbedD.sat;absorbingMrs.Curie,tolivinginthatsmalltown,isnowgettingalongwellwithherneighbors.A.adaptingB.havingadaptedC.havingbeenadaptedD.adaptedNooneelsewasseenthereexceptthatpoorboysobbing.A.leavingB.beingleftC.havingleftD.leftinthissubjectforyears,heisthoughttobetheverypersontoleadthecommittee.A.engagingB.havingengagedC.havingbeenengagedD.engaged二、前后詞句換位主要用在連詞引導(dǎo)的一些狀語(yǔ)從句當(dāng)中，如Itwasnot/won'tbelongbefore...等固定句型當(dāng)中。在這些句子中，有時(shí)往往不是將before譯成”在......之前”，而是將其譯成”以后”或”......之后才”。Itwas...before...才ItwasnItwas...before...才Itwasn't...before...就Itwillbe.before...才會(huì)Itwon'tbe.before.就會(huì)...before..才；之后常見(jiàn)詞語(yǔ)句型.,instead,insteadofItis.since.inchargeofbeavailabletobefamiliartobepeculiartobeaccessibletobewelcomebeconvenienttobeimpressedon/by/with例句分析（我的英語(yǔ)學(xué)得不好。）Lookbeforeyouleap.（三思而后行。）（我的英語(yǔ)學(xué)得不好。）IamnotgoodatEnglish./Idon'tdowellinEnglishstudy.IhavemaderemarkableprogressinEnglishlearningthisterm.（這學(xué)期以來(lái)我的英語(yǔ)取得了很大進(jìn)步。）Iknockedseveraltimesbeforeanelderlyladyansweredthedoor.（我敲了幾次門(mén)以后一位老婦人才來(lái)開(kāi)門(mén)。）Newideassometimeshavetowaitforyearsbeforetheyarefullyaccepted.（有時(shí)候，新思想等待多年以后才能被人們完全接受。）Itwasnotlongbeforeeveryonecametolikehim.（不久之后人人都開(kāi)始喜歡起他來(lái)了。）Itwon'tbelongbeforeweworkoutsomeplanstopromoteoursales.（用不了多久以后我們就會(huì)拿出促銷計(jì)劃。）

Itwillbethreeyearsbeforewecanmeetagain.（三年以后我們才能再見(jiàn)面。）Itwasalmosttwoweeksbeforetheytrackeddownthefactstheyneeded（幾乎兩個(gè)星期之后他們才找到所需要的論據(jù)。）Theydon’twaitfortheteachertoexplain,instead,theytrytosolvetheproblemthemselves.Theytrytosolvetheproblemthemselvesinsteadofwaitingfortheteachertoexplain.（他們努力去自己解決問(wèn)題，而不是等著老師來(lái)講解。）Whoisinchargeofthecompany?Whoisthecompanyinthechargeof?（這家公司誰(shuí)負(fù)責(zé)？）Wouldyouattendourlectureifitisconvenienttoyou?（如您方便，可否參加我們的講座？）Hiswordsarestronglyimpressedonmymemory.Heimpressedmedeeplywithhiswords.Iwasdeeplyimpressedbyhiswords.（他的話使我深深銘記心頭。）IthasbeenyearssinceIfeltsoexcited.（我已經(jīng)很多年沒(méi)這么激動(dòng)了。）相關(guān)考查方式你知道我拿到簽證申請(qǐng)了多少次？before我已經(jīng)有兩三天沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)她了。since你認(rèn)為我們什么時(shí)候去方便？convenient這種烹調(diào)方法是東南幾省的特色。peculiar詞典應(yīng)當(dāng)放在你容易取閱的地方。accessible三、意義與形式相反的翻譯正反對(duì)調(diào)譯這種方法在翻譯中使用頻率極高，它可以運(yùn)用在詞、短語(yǔ)或句子等各個(gè)層面的翻譯中。它是指在英語(yǔ)中許多從正面表達(dá)的意義，在漢語(yǔ)中卻要從反面來(lái)表達(dá)，而在英語(yǔ)中許多從反面表達(dá)的意義，漢語(yǔ)卻又從正面來(lái)表達(dá)。即正的反著譯，反的正著譯。failtodonone—failtodonone—everyonetoo...to...onlytoo...to...too.notto.forget—rememberall/both/every...not.nothingtodobutnootherchoicebut常見(jiàn)詞語(yǔ)nomorethan—onlynolessthan—atleastnoneotherthan—ustnothingmorethan—ustsecondtononeprefer.to.prefertodo.ratherthan.wouldrather.than.morethananyothernot...untilcan't/cannot.too/over/enoughcan't/couldn't+do+comparisonknowbetterthantodocannothelpbutdocannotbeworse/betterlessimportant/moresad例句分析英語(yǔ)從正面表達(dá)，漢語(yǔ)譯文從反面表達(dá)Hastemakeswaste.（欲速則不達(dá)。）Allgoodthingsmustcometoanend.（天下沒(méi)有不散的宴席。）Heknewhewasmortallyill.（他知道自己得的是不治之癥。）Excuseme.I'matalossinrecallingyourname.（對(duì)不起，我想不起你的名字來(lái)。）Theyfailedtoaccomplishthepurpose.（他們沒(méi)有能夠完成目標(biāo)。）Whathesaidwastooperfecttobetrue.（他說(shuō)的話太過(guò)完美不可能是真的。）Themanstandingthereisnoneotherthantheoneyouwanttosee.（站在那邊的人正是你要找的人。）ItistwomonthssinceBillhassmokedacigar.（比爾已經(jīng)有兩個(gè)月不吸煙了。）IthadbeensixorsevenhourssinceIhadhadanythingtoeatanddrink.（我沒(méi)吃沒(méi)喝已經(jīng)六、七個(gè)小時(shí)了。）Thisbookistoodifficultformetoread.（這本書(shū)太難，我看不懂。）Instancesaretoonumeroustolist.（例子多得舉不勝舉。）Iwouldrathergooutforawalkthanstayintheroomdoingnothing.（我寧愿到外面去散步也不愿呆在房間里什么事也不做。）I'msurehewouldratherresignthantakepartinsuchadishonesttransaction.（我相信他寧愿辭職也不會(huì)參與那樣一樁不正當(dāng)?shù)慕灰?。）Youshouldknowbetterthantomakenoisewhiletheothersaresleepin