一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時

#教學(xué)內(nèi)容知識點一：一般現(xiàn)在時【知識梳理】一般現(xiàn)在時的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和變化一般現(xiàn)在時的結(jié)構(gòu)be動詞：主語+be(am,is,are)+其它。e.g.Iamaboy.我是一個男孩。行為動詞：主語+行為動詞(+其它)。一般現(xiàn)在時主要用動詞的原形表示，如果主語是第三人稱單數(shù)，則在動詞原形后加或e.g.Hegetsupearlyinthemorning.2?否定句和疑問句的變化be動詞的變化：否定句：主語+be+not+其它。Heisnotaworker.他不是工人。一般疑問句：Be+主語+其它。Areyouastudent?Yes.Iam./No,I'mnot.特殊疑問句：疑問詞+—般疑問句。Whereismybike?行為動詞的變化：否定句：主語+don't(doesn't)+動詞原形(+其它)。Idon'tlikebread./Hedoesn'tlikebread.一般疑問句：Do(Does)+主語+動詞原形+其它。Doyouoftenplayfootball?Yes,Ido./No,Idon't.Doesshegotoworkbybike?Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn't.特殊疑問句：疑問詞+—般疑問句。Howdoesyourfathergotowork?(注意回顧動詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式變化規(guī)則)一般情況下在詞尾力口shelp—helps,clean—cleans,play—plays,wear—wears,give—gives;以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾的動詞在詞尾加esdress—dresses,fix—fixes,watch—watches,finish—finishes;以“輔音字母加y”結(jié)尾的動詞，把y變?yōu)閕,再study—studies,carry—carries,fly—flies)一般現(xiàn)在時的用法?1.表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作或行為。常與always,sometimes,often,usually,never等副詞連用。e.g.IgotoschooleverydayexceptSaturdaysandSundays.Mymotheroftengetsupat6o'clock.表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)，能力，性格，個性。e.g.Myfatherteachesmaths.LinYandanceswell.表示普遍真理或客觀事實。e.g.Theearthmovesaroundthesun.Thesunrisesintheeast.【注意】此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中，即使主句是過去時，從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時。如：Ourphysicsteachersaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.我們的物理老師說光的傳播速度比聲音的傳播速度快得多，在時間、條件、比較等狀語從句中，用現(xiàn)在時表示將來的動作，從句的謂語動詞用一般現(xiàn)在時。如：Iwille-mailyouassoonasIgettoBeijing.我一到北京就給你發(fā)郵件。Ifyoucomethisafternoon,wewillhaveameeting.如果你今天下午能來，我們就開會?！纠}精講】例1.Whoisthatlady?A.taught例2.She'sMissGreen.She_usmusic,andsheissogood.C.willteachD.isteachingB.teachesIthinkI'lltakeabustothemeeting.Thebus?Ifyou,youwillbelate.B.havedoneC.willdoA.do例3.Unlesstheweather,wewillhavetocancelthepicnic.A.improveB.improvesC.improvedD.willimprove例4?Wedon'tknowifourfriend.Ifhe,we'llletyouknow.A.comes;comesB.comes;willcomeC.willcome;comes例5-Ourgeographyteachertoldusthattheearththesun.A.wentaroundB.goesaroundC.isgoingaroundD.wasgoingaround【課堂練習(xí)】Look!Adogablindmanacrosstheroad.A.leadsB.leadC.isleadingD.ledTheyusuallyTVintheevening.A.watchB.willwatchC.arewatchingD.watchesHehardlyupearly.A.getsB.getC.doesn'tgetD.don'tgetJohnfootball.A.likesplayingB.likesplayC.likeplayFrankusuallyintouchwithhisprimaryschoolteachersbyemail.A.keepB.keepsC.keptD.willkeep知識點二：一般過去時【知識梳理】（1）一般過去時的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和變化定義：表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。結(jié)構(gòu)：“主語+動詞的過去式”句型轉(zhuǎn)化：be動詞的過去時的句型如下：否定句：主語+be動詞的過去式（was,were）+not…疑問句：be動詞的過去式（was,were）+主語…？Hewasbusyyesterday.（肯定句）他昨天很忙。Hewasnotbusyyesterday.（否定句）他昨天不忙。Washebusyyesterday?（疑問句）他昨天忙嗎？Thereweren'tanyboysintheroom.房間里沒有男孩兒。g.Thereweren'tanyboysintheroom.房間里沒有男孩兒。Werethereanyboysintheroom?房間里有男孩兒嗎？行為動詞的否定式和疑問式：否定式：行為動詞前加上didnot或縮略式didn't,并把這個行為動詞改為動詞原形。IcalledLinTaoyesterdayafternoon.fIdidnot/didn'tcallLinTaoyesterdayafternoon.IborrowedabookfromSunYanglastSunday.一般疑問式：若在陳述句中只有行為動詞的過去式，那就得在句首加上一個助動詞did來幫助提問，然后把句中的行為動詞由過去式改為動詞原形，并在句末打上問號?；卮饡r別忘了還用did。Westayedtherefor10dayslastmonth.fDidyoustaytherefor10dayslastmonth?Yes,wedid./No,wedidn't.Maryhadadeliciousdinneryesterdayevening.fDidMaryhaveadeliciousdinneryesterdayevening?Yes,shedid./No,wedidn't.（2）規(guī)則動詞的變化過去式（規(guī)則變化）一般情況下，直接在動詞詞尾力加-edowatchfwatchedplantfplanted以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動詞在詞尾加-d。likeflikedmovefmoved以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動詞，先變y為i,再在詞尾加-ed。studyfstudiedcarryfcarried重讀閉音節(jié)動詞且詞尾只有一個輔音字母，先雙寫詞尾的輔音字母，再在詞尾加-edostopfstoppedshopfshopped過去式（be動詞）（不規(guī)則變化）am/isfwasarefweredofdid（3）不規(guī)則動詞的過去式和過去分詞第一組AAA

cost—cost—cost2.cut—cut—cut3.hit—hit—hit4.let—let—let5.put—put—put6.set—set—set7.read—read—read第二組ABCbreak—broke—broken2.choose—chose—chosen3.speak—spoke—spokensteal—stole—stolen5.wake—woke—woken6.forget—forgot—forgottentake—took—taken8.give—gave—given9.hide—hid—hidden10.drive—drove—driven11.write—wrote—written12.rise—rose—risen13.ride—rode—ridden14.eat—ate—eaten第三組ABCknow—knew—known2.grow—grew—grown3.throw—threw—thrown4.fly—flew—flown5.show—showed—shown第四組ABB1.build—built—built2.burn—burnt—burnt3.mean—meant—meant4.lend—lent—lent5.send—sent—sent6.spend—spent—spent第五組ABB1.keep—kept—kept2.sweep—swept—swept3.sleep—slept—slept4.leave—left—left5.feel—felt—felt6.smell—smelt—smelt7.lose——lost——lost8.learn——learnt——learnt（learned——learned）9.get—got—got10.do—did—done11.go—went—gone第六組ABB1.make—made—made2.hear—heard—heard3.have—had—had4.bring—brought—brought5.find—found—found6.buy—bought—bought7.think—thought—thought8.teach—taught—taught第七組ABB1.dig—dug—dug4.meet—met—met7.win——won——wonlead—led—ledsay—said—saidsell——sold——soldhold—held—heldpay—paid—paidtell——told——toldstand——stood——stood11.understand——understood——understood12.sit—sat—sat13.wear—wore—worn第八組ABC1.begin—began—begun2.swim—swam—swum3.sing—sang—sungring—rang—rung5.drink—drank—e—came—comebecome—became—become8.see—saw—seen9.run—ran—runlie—lay—lain—lying（躺）12.lie—lied—lied—lying（說慌）13.lay—laid—laid（放）一般過去時的用法yesterday,last表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間內(nèi)所發(fā)生的動作或情況，常與明確的時間狀語連用，如:week(month,year...),ago,justnow,attheageof…，in1980等連用。如：yesterday,lastAttheageoften,shebegantolearntoplaythepiano.十歲的時候，她開始學(xué)彈鋼琴。表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作，常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用。如：WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplayedfootballinthestreet.當(dāng)我是個孩子的時候，我經(jīng)常在街上踢足球。

【例題精講】例1.Wheredidyougolastweekend?ItotheGreatWall.A.goB.wentC.willgo例2.LastweekVivianadressforhermotherwithherfirst-monthsalary.D.havegoneA.buyB.bought例3.Ohno!Imybookinthelab.C.willbuyD.wouldbuyA.leave例4.B.leftC.willleaveD.wasleavingYourcoatfitsyouwell.Thankyou.IitwhenIwasonvacation.A.haveboughtB.buy例【例題精講】例1.Wheredidyougolastweekend?ItotheGreatWall.A.goB.wentC.willgo例2.LastweekVivianadressforhermotherwithherfirst-monthsalary.D.havegoneA.buyB.bought例3.Ohno!Imybookinthelab.C.willbuyD.wouldbuyA.leave例4.B.leftC.willleaveD.wasleavingYourcoatfitsyouwell.Thankyou.IitwhenIwasonvacation.A.haveboughtB.buy例5.MyhusbandalwaysC.boughtmeflowerseveryweekbeforewegotmarried,butnowheneverA.sent;does【課堂練習(xí)】B.sends;doesC.wasgoingtosend;doD.sent;do1.DidBillyandAnnafindawayoutatlast?■Yes,theyaplananddidit.A.wereworkingoutB.workedoutC.areworkingoutD.haveworkedout2.Yesterdaytheteachertoldustheearththesun.A.goesaroundB.wentaroundC.isgoingaroundD.wouldgoaround3.LucyhastoLondon.HowcanIgetintouchwithher?Don'tworry.Shewillphoneyouassoonasshethere.A.been;willgetB.been;getsC.gone;willgetD.gone;gets4.Oh,no!Ican'tfindmymobilephone!Well,whereyoulastputit.A.haveB.doC.didHaveyoueverclimbedMountTai,Carol?Yes,IinTaianforaweeklastyearandreachedthetopofittwice.A.hadstayedB.stayC.stayedD.havestayed知識點三一般將來時【知識梳理】(1)一般將來時的結(jié)構(gòu)Will+動詞原形，常與表示將來的時間狀語連用。如：e.g.Iwillmeetyouattheschoolgatetomorrow.明天早上我將在校門口見你。begoingto+動詞原形表示將來發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，主語一般是人。如：e.g.Iamgoingtobe15nextweek.下周我就15歲了。will和begoingto的區(qū)別begoingto與will兩者都可表示將要發(fā)生的事、將要去做某事，但它們有如下幾點區(qū)別：begoingto表示近期、眼下就要發(fā)生的事情，will表示的將來時間則較遠(yuǎn)一些，如：e.g.Heisgoingtowritealettertonight.Hewillwriteabookoneday.begoingto表示根據(jù)主觀判斷將來肯定發(fā)生的事情，will表示客觀上將來勢必發(fā)生的事情。e.g.Heisseriouslyill.Heisgoingtodie.begoingto含有“計劃，準(zhǔn)備”的意思，而will則沒有這個意思，如：e.g.Sheisgoingtohaveatrip.Hewillbehereinhalfanhour.在有條件從句的主句中，一般不用begoingto,而多用will,如：e.g.Ifanybeastscomeatyou,I'llstaywithyouandhelpyou.⑵用法表示在將來某個時間將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表示將來的時間狀語如：tomorrow,soon,nextday(week,month,year...),inafewminutes,thedayaftertomorrow等連用。如：e.g.IwillpayavisittoShanghainextweek.下周我將要去上海旅行。當(dāng)主句為一般將來時，在以after,when,while,assoonas,if,unless等引導(dǎo)的時間或條件狀語從句中，要用—般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。如：e.g.Iwilldoitbetteriftheteachergivesmeanotherchance.如果老師再給我次機(jī)會，我會做得更好的?！纠}精講】例1-Don'taway.Billyoulookafteryourdogwhenyouareawayonbusiness.A.helpsB.willhelpC.helpingD.helped例2.Justgodownthisroadandyouthelibrarynexttothebank.A.seeB.sawC.haveseenD.willsee

A.seeB.sawC.haveseenD.willsee例3.Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,robotcooks例3.Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,robotcooksinourfamiliesinthefuture.A.appearB.appearedC.willappearD.wereappearing4.Manyscientistsbelievethatrobotsabletotalklikehumansin50years.A.wereB.areC.willbeD.havebeenA.wereB.areC.willbeD.havebeen例例5.Haveyoureturnedthebooktothelibraryyet?Notyet.Don'tworry.Iitsoon.A.returnB.returnedC.havereturnedD.willreturn【課堂練習(xí)】Mymindwasn'tonwhathewassayingsoI'mafraidIhalfofit.A.missedB.wasmissingC.willmissD.wouldmissWearegladtohearthattheGreenstoanewflatnextweek.A.moveB.movedC.willmoveD.havemovedEricwon'tstarttheexperimentuntilhisteacherhimhowtodoit.A.willshowB.showC.showsD.showedIfyoucometotheparty,youagoodtime.A.wouldhaveB.haveC.willhaveD.tohaveLet'senjoythedayswithourclassmates.Weourjuniorhighschoolintwomonths.A.willfinishB.arefinishingC.havefinishedD.hadfinishedNo,hetothedininghall.A.goesB.wouldgoC.hasgoneD.hadgoneIcalledyouthismorning,butnobodyansweredit.Oh,wesomerunninginthepark.A.aredoingB.weredoingC.havedoneD.didHersonthearmyfortwomonths.Shemisseshimverymuch.A.hasjoinedB.hasbeeninC.joinedD.wasinThereportersaidthattheUFOeasttowestwhenhesawit.A.travelsB.traveledC.wastravelingD.hastraveledI'mwaitingformysister.Iwon'tgotoseemyuncleuntil.A.shecomesB.shewillcomeC.shedoesn'tcomeDoyouknowtheEnglishman?Yes.Ihimfortwoyears.A.gettoknowB.haveknownC.knewD.gottoknowImyhomework;IguessIcan'tjoinyou.A.don'tfinishB.didn'tfinishC.haven'tfinishedD.won'tfinishTravelingtospaceisnolongerjustadream.Russiathefirsthotelinspaceinthenearfuture.A.buildsB.willbuildC.builtD.hasbuiltWehavebeenfriends.A.lastyearB.oneyearagoC.sincewemetlastyearD.whenwemetlastyearDoyouknowifCindywilldrivetoItalythisweekend?Cindy?Never!Shedriving.A.hashatedB.hatedC.willhateD.hatesIcalledyouseveraltimesthismorning,butyoudidn'tanswer.Sorry.Itennisthewholemorning.A.playedB.isplayingC.wouldplayD.wasplayingIamistake.Pleasedon'tbeangrywithme.A.makeB.madeC.willmakeD.hadmadeItelephonedyouyesterdayafternoonbutnobodyanswered.Oh,Iafilmatthattime.A.seeB.sawC.isseeingD.wasseeingIsthisyourfirsttimetoXinjiang?No,Ihereseveraltimes.A.havegoneB.haven'tgoneC.havebeenD.haven'tbeenWe'llgoforapicnicifitthisSunday.Wishyoualovelyweekend.A.rainB.doesn'trainC.won'trainHeLuzhouforthreemonths.A.hasleftB.hascometoC.hasgonetoD.hasbeenawayfromImyhometownforalongtime.Ireallymissit!A.leftB.wentawayfromC.haveleftD.havebeenawayfromIfyoucometotheparty,youagoodtime.A.wouldhaveB.haveC.willhaveD.tohaveMr.Browninthisfactorysincehewastwenty-fouryearsold.A.worksB.workedC.willworkD.hasworkedShush,bequiet!Thebabyinthenextroom.Oh,sorry.A.sleepsB.sleptC.issleepingD.wassleepingHefortenyears.A.hasbeenmarriedB.marriedC.gotmarriedD.hasmarriedDidyouhearsomeoneknockingatthedoorjustnow?No,sir.Imusic.A.waslisteningtoB.listenedtoC.amlisteningtoD.wouldlistentoWhatwereyoudoingthistimeyesterday?Ionthegrassanddrawingapicture.A.A.sitB.satC.amsittingD.wassittingHowwasyourtriptotheancientvillage?Fantastic!Wetoanaturalmuseumofstrangestones.A.goB.wentC.aregoingD.willgoIhearMr.ZhanghasgonetoBeijingforameeting.Really?Doyouknowwhenhe?A.leavesB.wasleavingC.hasleftD.leftLisa,Icalledyoujustnow.Wherewereyou?Sorry,Iashower.A.takeB.amtakingC.wastakingShethebooktwodaysago.A.hasborrowed;sinceB.haskept;sinceC.kept;for28.Wherewereyouat7:00lastnight?Itomymomathome.A.writeB.wroteC.amwritingD.waswriting29.Ican'tfindTedforthreedays.Whereishe?HeBeijingforameeting.A.hasbeentoB.hasgonetoC.havebeentoD.havegonetoTheyEnglandandtheywillbebacknextweek.A.havegonetoB.havebeentoC.havegoneinD.hasbeenonyoutoNanhuParkaweekago?Yes.Wehadagoodtimethere.A.Do;goB.Did;goC.Did;wentIthebookclublastweekand