2023年考研考博-考博英語-湘潭大學(xué)歷年高頻考題黑鉆摘選版附帶答案

2023年考研考博-考博英語-湘潭大學(xué)歷年高頻考題黑鉆摘選版附帶答案（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）答案解析附后第1卷一.綜合題(共10題)1.單選題Noclear-cutdistinctioncanbedrawnbetweenprofessionalsandamateursinscience.（

）,theword“amateur”doescarryaconnotationthatthepersonconcernedisnotfullyintegratedintothescientificcommunity.問題1選項(xiàng)A.NeverthelessB.ThenC.BesidesD.Asaresult2.單選題Lateralthinking(thinkinginaroundaboutway),firstdescribedbyEdwarddeBonoin1967,isjustafewyearsolderthanEdward'sson.YoumightimaginethatCasparwasraisedtobeanadventurousthinker,butthedeBononamewassofamous,Caspar’sparentsworriedthatanytimehewouldsaysomethingbrightatschool,histeachersmightsnap,“Wheredoyougetthatideafrom?”“Wehadtobecarefulandnotoverdoit，”Edwardadmits.NowCasparisatOxford,whichoncelookedunlikelybecauseheisalsoslightlydyslexic.Infact,whenhewasapplyingtoOxford,noneofhisschoolteachersthoughthehadachance.“Sothenwedidseveralthinkingsessions,”hisfathersays,"usingmytechniquesand,whenhewentupfortheexam,hedidextremelywell.”Soonafter,EdwarddeBonodecidedtowritehislatestbook,TeachYourChildHowtoThink,inwhichhetransformsthethinkingskillshedevelopedforbrain-stormingbusinessmenintoinformalexercisesforparentsandchildrentoshare.Thinkingistraditionallyregardedassomethingexecutedinalogicalsequence,andeverybodyknowsthatchildrenaren'tverylogical.Soisn'titanuphillbattle,tryingtoteachthemtothink?“Youknow,”EdwarddeBonosays,“ifyouexaminepeople’sthinking,itisquiteunusualtofindfaultsoflogic.But,thefaultsofperceptionarehuge!Oftenwethinkineffectivelybecausewetaketoolimitedaview.”TeachYourChildHowtoThinkofferslessonsinperceptionimprovement,ofclearlyseeingtheimplicationsofsomethingyouaresayingandofexploringthealternatives.1.WhatistrueaboutCaspar?2.CasparsucceededinapplyingforadmissiontoOxfordbecause（

）.3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsshowsEdwarddeBono’sview,accordingtoparagraph3?4.Lateralthinkinginvolvesallthefollowingexcept（

）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.HeisEdward'sson.B.Heisanadventurousthinker.C.Hefirstdescribedlateralthinking.D.Heisoftenscoldedbyhisteacher.問題2選項(xiàng)A.hewascarefulandoftenoverworkedB.allofhisschoolteachersthoughthehadachanceC.heusedintheexamthetechniquesprovidedbyhisfatherD.hereadthebook,TeachYourChildHowtoThink,beforetheexam問題3選項(xiàng)A.Everybodyknowsthatchildrenaren’tverylogical.B.Itisanuphillbattletryingtoreachchildrentothink.C.Thinkingissomethingexecutedinalogicalsequence.D.Weoftenthinkineffectivelybecausewetaketoolimitedaview.問題4選項(xiàng)A.improvingone’sperceptioninthinkingB.followingalogicsequencewhilethinkingC.seeingtheimplicationofwhatyouaresayingD.knowingtheimpliedmeaningofusingthealternatives3.單選題Whytheinductiveandmathematicalsciences,aftertheirfirstrapiddevelopmentattheculminationofGreekcivilization,advancedsoslowlyfortwothousandyearsandwhyinthefollowingtwohundredyearsaknowledgeofnaturalandmathematicalsciencehasaccumulated,whichsovastlyexceedsallthatwaspreviouslyknownthatthesesciencesmaybejustlyregardedastheproductsofourowntimes—arequestionwhichhaveinterestedthemodemphilosophernotlessthantheobjectswithwhichthesesciencesaremoreimmediatelyconversant.Wasittheemploymentofanewmethodofresearch,orintheexerciseofgreatervirtueintheuseoftheoldmethods,thatthissingularmodemphenomenonhaditsorigin?Wasthelongperiodoneofarresteddevelopment,andisthemodemeraoneofnormalgrowth?Orshouldweascribethecharacteristicsofbothperiodstoso-calledhistoricalaccidents—totheinfluenceofconjunctionsincircumstancesofwhichnoexplanationispossible,saveintheomnipotenceandwisdomofaguidingProvidence?Theexplanationwhichhasbecomecommonplace,thattheancientsemployeddeductionchieflyintheirscientificinquiries,whilethemodemsemployinduction,provestobetoonarrow,andfailsuponcloseexaminationtopointwithsufficientdistinctnessthecontrastthatisevidentbetweenancientandmodemscientificdoctrinesandinquiries.Forallknowledgeisfoundedonobservation,andproceedsfromthisbyanalysis,bysynthesisandanalysis,byinductionanddeduction,andifpossiblebyverification,orbynewappealstoobservationundertheguidanceofdeduction—bystepswhichareindeedcorrelativepartsofonemethod;andtheancientsciencesaffordexamplesofeveryoneofthesemethods,orpartsofonemethod,whichhavebeengeneralizedfromtheexamplesofscience.Afailuretoemployortoemployadequatelyanyoneofthesepartialmethods,animperfectionintheartsandresourcesofobservationandexperiment,carelessnessinobservation,neglectofrelevantfacts,byappealtoexperimentandobservationthesearethefaultswhichcauseallfailurestoascertaintruth,whetheramongtheancientsorthemodems;butthisstatementdoesnotexplainwhythemodemispossessedofagreatervirtue,andbywhatmeansheattainedhissuperiority.Muchlessdoesexplainthesuddengrowthofscienceinrecenttimes.Theattempttodiscovertheexplanationofthisphenomenonintheantithesisof“facts”and“theories”or“facts”and“ideas”—intheneglectamongtheancientsoftheformer,andtheirtooexclusiveattentiontothelatter—provesalsotobetoonarrow,aswellasopentothechargeofvagueness.Forinthefirstplace,theantithesisisnotcomplete.Factsandtheoriesarenotcoordinatespecies.Theories,iftrue,arefacts—aparticular,classoffactsindeed,generallycomplex,andifalogicalconnectionsubsistsbetweentheirconstituents,haveallthepositiveattributesoftheories.Nevertheless,thisdistinction,howeverinadequateitmaybetoexplainthesourceoftruemethodinscience,iswellfounded,andconnotesanimportantcharacterintruemethod.Afactisapropositionofsimple.Atheory,ontheotherhand,iftruehasallthecharacteristicsofafact,exceptthatitsverificationispossibleonlybyindirect,remote,ariddifficultmeans.Toconverttheoriesintofactsistoaddsimpleverification,andthetheorythusacquiresthefullcharacteristicsofafact.1.Thetitlethatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis（

）.2.Accordingtotheauthor,onepossiblereasonforthegrowthofscienceduringthedaysoftheancientGreeksandinmodemtimesis（

）.

3.Thedifferencebetween“fact”andtheory”（

）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,mathematicsis（

）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.PhilosophyofmathematicsB.TheRecentGrowthinScienceC.TheVerificationofFactsD.MethodsofScientificInquiry問題2選項(xiàng)A.thesimilaritybetweenthetwoperiodsB.thatitwasanactofGodC.thatbothtriedtodeveloptheinductivemethodD.duetothedeclineofthedeductivemethod問題3選項(xiàng)A.isthatthelatterneedsconfirmationB.restsonthesimplicityoftheformerC.isthedifferencebetweenthemodemscientistsandtheancientGreeksD.helpsustounderstandthedeductivemethod問題4選項(xiàng)A.aninductivescienceB.nneedofsimpleverificationC.adeductivescienceD.basedonfactandtheory.4.單選題BroadlytheEnglishmanisaquiet,shy,reservedpersonwhoisfolly（1）onlyamongpeopleheknowswell.Inthepresenceofstrangersorforeignersheoftenseemsinhibited,（2）

embarrassed.Youhaveonlyto（3）

acommutertrainanymorningoreveningtoseethetruthofthis.Serious-lookingbusinessmenandwomensitreadingtheirnewspapersordozinginacomer;noonespeaksInfact,todosowouldseemunusual（4）

.Thereisanunwrittenbutclearlyunderstoodcodeofbehaviorwhich,

（5）

broken,makesthepersonimmediatelytheobjectof（6）

.Itisawell-knownfactthattheEnglishhavea（7）

forthediscussionoftheirweatherandthatgivenhalfachance,theywilltalkaboutit（8）

.SomepeoplearguethatitisBecauseEnglishweather

（9）

forecastandhenceisasourceofinterestand

（10）

toeveryone.Thismaybeso

（11）

Englishmancannothavemuch（12）

intheweathermen,who,afterpromisingfine,sunnyweatherfortheFollowingday;areoftenprovedwrong

（13）

acouldovertheAtlanticbringsrainyweathertoaildistricts!Themaninthestreetseemstobeasaccurate-orasinaccurate---astheweathermeninhis（14）

.Theoverseasvisitorsmaybeexcusedforshowingsurpriseatthenumberofreferences

（15）

weatherthattheEnglishmaketoeachotherinthecourseofasingleday.Veryoftenconversationalgreetingsare（16）

bycommentsontheweather.”Niceday,isn’tit?""Beautiful!"maywellbeheardinsteadof"Goodmorning,howareyou?"（17）

theforeignermayconsiderthisexaggeratedandcomic,itisworthwhilepointingoutthatitcouldbeusedtohisadvantage.（18）

hewantstostartaconversationwithanEnglishmanbutis

（19）

toknowwheretobegin,hecoulddowelltomentionthestateoftheweather.Itisasafesubjectwhichwill（20）

ananswerfromeventhemostreservedofEnglishmen.問題1選項(xiàng)A.entertainedB.relaxedC.amusedD.enlightened'問題2選項(xiàng)A.yetB.otherwiseC.evenD.though問題3選項(xiàng)A.experienceB.undergoC.travelD.witness問題4選項(xiàng)A.ObviouslyB.ContrarilyC.FrequentlyD.Practically問題5選項(xiàng)A.unlessB.ifC.whileD.asif問題6選項(xiàng)A.suspicionB.oppositionC.attackD.study問題7選項(xiàng)A.passionB.fancyC.NecessityD.topic問題8選項(xiàng)A.atlengthB.toagreatC.fromtheirD.byallmeans問題9選項(xiàng)A.followsB.predictsC.defiesD.violates問題10選項(xiàng)A.deductionB.contemplationC.speculationD.contribution問題11選項(xiàng)A.StillB.AlsoC.CertainlyD.Fundamentally問題12選項(xiàng)A.faithB.relianceC.honorD.credit問題13選項(xiàng)A.ifB.onceC.whenD.whereas問題14選項(xiàng)A.propositionsB.predictionsC.approvalD.defiance問題15選項(xiàng)A.aboutB.onC.asforD.to問題16選項(xiàng)A.replacedB.conductedC.executedD.proposed問題17選項(xiàng)A.SinceB.AlthoughC.howeverD.Before問題18選項(xiàng)A.EvenifB.BecauseC.IfD.For問題19選項(xiàng)A.atalossB.atlastC.infactD.ontheoccasion問題20選項(xiàng)A.stimulateB.constituteC.furnishD.provoke5.單選題Somepeopleviewlifeasa(n)（

）conflictbetweentheframesofgoodandevil.問題1選項(xiàng)A.externalB.eternalC.centralD.internal6.單選題TheSydneyOlympicsofferedmeanopportunitytolearnmoreaboutstagingamajormulti-sporteventandthisknowledge,Ifelt,wouldstandmeingoodsteadasIdevelopedthemediaservicesthatwouldbeneededforourSaltLakeCityWinterGamesin2002.Ialsodecidedthatworkingasavolunteerwouldgivemeagreaterunderstandingofawholerangeofissues,whichiswhyIjoinedtheranksofthoseworkinginthefrontline.ButlittledidIsuspectjusthowmuch,theexperiencewouldoffermesuchpowerfulfeelingandastrongsenseofpride-emotionswhichinfluencethemanymemoriesthatItookawaywithmewhenIleftSydney.Asawomanvolunteer,Iamnotusuallykeenonuniforms,butfromthemomentIputonmySydneyvolunteer’suniformIfeltIwaspartofsomethingimportantsomethingbigthatcouldwellbeaonce-in-a-lifetimeexperience.Iimmediatelybondedwithothersinthesameuniformandaswepassedeachotherinthestreetdressedinourcolorfuloutfits,wesmiledandsaid“G’day”toeachotherandthosegreetingscontinuedthroughoutthetwoweeksoftheOlympics.MyjobwasasasupervisorintheMainPressCenterwhereImanaged800journalists*desks,thetelephones,thebanksoftelevisionandothervolunteers,manyofwhomweremediastudents.OurshiftswereeighthourslongandoftenovernightastheCenterwasopen24hours,butwegenerallystayedlongeroutofchoiceastheworkwasimportantandexciting.Withoutusthejournalistswouldnotgettheirarticlesbacktotheirhomenewsdesksandthestoriesoftheemotionalhighsandlowsofthecompetitorswouldneverreachtheoutsideworld.Asvolunteers,weallfeltourworkwasavaluablecontributiontothesuccessoftheOlympicsandwereveledinthecomplimentswereceived.Weworkedhardandwehadfun.Wemadenewcontactsandfriendsfromallovertheworldandwelearnednewskillswhichwewillneverlose.WhentheOlympicsfinished,allthevolunteers—47,000ofus一wereinvitedtotakepartinaparadethroughthestreetsofSydney.Manyofusdidthis,andthousandsandthousandsofpeoplecameouttocheerourefforts.Beingpartofthatexperiencebroughttearstomanyeyes.TheOlympicswasmarvelous,andtheworkIwenttodoisrelevantandvaluabletothejobIdonow.ButtheexperienceofbeinginvolvedinsuchamassiveeventandtherecognitionweweregivenforoureffortsiswhatIwillrememberforever.1.TheauthorworkedasintheMainPressCenteroftheSydneyOlympics(

).2.Accordingtotheauthor,herprideinbeingavolunteerintheOlympicsincreasedallthe(

)morewhenshewas.3.Accordingtothepassage,theshiftsforthevolunteersintheMainPressCenterwereoften(

)

hourslong.4.Theauthorfeltthattheworkofthevolunteerswas(

).5.WhattheauthorwillrememberforeverabouttheOlympicvolunteerjobis(

).問題1選項(xiàng)A.amanagerB.ajournalistC.aneditorD.asupervisor問題2選項(xiàng)A.wearingthecolorfulvolunteeruniformandgreetingtheothersinthestreetB.learningmoreaboutstagingamajormulti-sporteventC.understandingbetterawholerangeofissuesrelatedtotheGamesD.joiningtheranksofthoseworkinginthefrontline問題3選項(xiàng)A.8B.morethan8C.lessthan8D.nearly24問題4選項(xiàng)A.unimportanttothesuccessoftheOlympicsB.unnecessarytothesuccessoftheOlympicsC.irrelevanttothesuccessoftheOlympicsD.invaluabletothesuccessoftheOlympics問題5選項(xiàng)A.thecolorfuloutfitstheywerewearinginthebigeventB.theadviceandservicetheygavetotheathletesC.therecognitiontheyweregivenfortheireffortsD.workingovertime7.翻譯題DoingaPhDiscertainlynotforeverybody,andIdonotrecommenditformostpeople.However,IamreallygladIgotmyPhDratherthanjustgettingajobafterfinishingmyBachelor’s.ThenumberonereasonitthatIlearnedahellofalotdoingthePhD,andmostofthethingsIlearnedIwouldnevergetexposedtoinatypicalsoftwareengineeringjob.TheprocessofdoingaPhDtrainsyoutodoresearch,toreadresearchpapers,torunexperiments,towritepapers,togivetalks.Italsoteachesyouhowtofigureoutwhatproblemneedstobesolved.YougainaverysophisticatedtechnicalbackgrounddoingthePhD,andhavingyourworksubjecttotheintensescrutinyoftheacademicpeer-reviewprocess-nottomentionyourthesiscommittee.IthinkofthePhDalittleliketheGrandTour,atraditioninthe16thand17thcenturieswhereyouthswouldtravelaroundEurope,gettingarichexposuretohighsocietyinFrance,ItalyandGermany,learningaboutart,architecture,language,literature,fencing,riding,ect...alloftheessentialliberalartsthatagentlemenwasexpectedtohaveexperiencewithtobeaninfluentialmemberofsociety.

ThetopPhDprogramssetanincrediblyhighbar:alotofcoursework,teachingexperience,qualifyingexams,athesisdefenseandofcoursemakingagroundbreakingresearchcontributioninyourarea.Havingtogothroughthisprocessgiveyouatremendousamountoftechnicalbreadthanddepth.SomeimportantstuffIlearneddoingaPhDisasfollows.Howtowritepapersandgivetalks.Beingfluentintechnicalcommunicationsisareallyimportantskillforengineers.I'venoticedabiggapbetweenthesoftwareengineersI’veworkedwithwhohavePhDsandthosewhodon’tinthisregard.PhD-trainedfolkstendtogiveclearwell-organizedtalksandknowhowtowriteuptheirworkandvisualizetheresultofexperiments.Asaresult,theycanbemuchmoreinfluential.Howtofigureoutwhatproblemtoworkon.ThisisprobablythemostimportantaspectofPhDtraining.DoingaPhDwillforceyoutocastawayfromshoreandexploretheboundaryofhumanknowledge.(MattMight’scartoononthisisagreatvisualizationofthis.)Ithinkthatatleast80%ofmakingascientificcontributionisfiguringoutwhatproblemtotackle-aproblemthatisatonceinteresting,openandgoingtohaveimpactifyousolveit.Therearelotsofopenproblemsthattheresearchcommunityisnotinterestedin.Therearemanyinterestingproblemsthathavebeensolvedoverandoverandover.There’sarealtricktopickinggoodproblemsanddevelopingatasteforitisakeyskillifyouwanttobecomeatechnicalleader.SoIthinkit’sworthhavingaPhD,especiallyifyouwanttoworkonthehardestandmostinterestingproblems.Thisistruewhetheryouwantacareerinacademia,aresearchlabormoretraditionalengineeringrole,butasmyPhDadvisorwasfondofsaying,“doingaPhDcostsyouahouse.”(IntermofthelostsalaryduringthePhDyears)8.單選題Theearthquakeof26thDecember,2004resultedinoneoftheworstnaturaldisastersinlivingmemory.Itwasa（1）underwaterquakeandoccurredintheIndianOcean.It（2）coastlines,communitiesandbroughtdeathtoomanypeople.Whydoearthquakeshappen?Thesurfaceoftheearthhasnotalwayslookedasitdoestoday;itismoving（3）(althoughveryslowly)andhasdonesoforbillionsofyears.Thisisone（4）

ofearthquakes,whenonesectionoftheearth(tectonicplate)（5）

another.Scientistscanpredictwherebutnot（6）thismighthappenandtheareabetweenplatesiscalledafaultline.OnonefaultlineinKobe,Japanin1923over200,000peoplewerekilled.

（7）

,earthquakesdonotalwayshappenonfaultlines,（8）iswhytheyaresodangerousand（9）

.Wheredovolcanoeshappen?Volcanoeshappenwheretheearth’s（10）

isthin:lava,dustandgases（11）frombeneaththeearth.Theycanriseintoahugeconeshapelikeamountainanderupt,（12）theycanbesoviolent（13）

theyjustexplodedirectlyfromtheearthwithnowarning.Thereare1,511（14）volcanoesintheworld.Thismeansthattheymay（15）BEDANGEROUS.In1985theColombianvolcanoNevadoDelRuizerupted.Thelavameltedaglacierandsenttonesofmud（16）thetownbelow.Twentythousandpeopledied.Naturaldisasterslikevolcaniceruptionsarcoftenunpredictable.Weregularlydonotknowwhenthey（17）happen,or（18）wheretheywillhappen.Inthefuture,scientistsmaybeabletowatchandpredict（19）beforetheyhappen.Thiscould（20）manylives.問題1選項(xiàng)A.massiveB.significantC.greatD.grand問題2選項(xiàng)A.changedB.convertedC.destroyedD.transformed問題3選項(xiàng)A.frequentlyB.periodicallyC.regularlyD.continuously問題4選項(xiàng)A.sourceB.causeC.movementD.reason問題5選項(xiàng)A.collideswithB.confrontswithC.meetswithD.faceswith問題6選項(xiàng)A.howB.whyC.whenD.what問題7選項(xiàng)A.GenerallyB.HoweverC.SimilarlyD.Anyway問題8選項(xiàng)A.whichB.itC.thisD.that問題9選項(xiàng)A.irresistibleB.inevitableC.unaccountableD.unpredictable問題10選項(xiàng)A.surfaceB.appearanceC.crustD.cover問題11選項(xiàng)A.burstoutB.flowedoutC.leakedoutD.trickledout問題12選項(xiàng)A.andB.orC.norD.but問題13選項(xiàng)A.likeB.forC.asD.that問題14選項(xiàng)A.livingB.aliveC.activeD.live問題15選項(xiàng)A.relativelyB.stillC.hardlyD.gradually問題16選項(xiàng)A.beyondB.onC.acrossD.down問題17選項(xiàng)A.mightB.shouldC.mustD.areto問題18選項(xiàng)A.thoughB.whetherC.evenD.else問題19選項(xiàng)A.accidentsB.incidentsC.occasionsD.events問題20選項(xiàng)A.rescueB.saveC.preserveD.shelter9.單選題ItisthehighhumiditythatmakesLondonwinterssochilly,（

）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.notthelowtemperaturesB.notlownessoftemperaturesC.sincelowtemperaturesarenotaspresentD.notthatitstemperaturesarebeinglow10.單選題Giventheadvantagesofelectronicmoney,youmightthinkthatwewouldmovequicklytothecashlesssocietyinwhichallpaymentsaremadeelectronically.（1）,atruecashlesssocietyisprobablynotaroundthecomer.Indeed,predictionsofsuchasocietyhavebeen（2）fortwodecadesbuthavenotyetcometofruition.Forexample,BusinessWeekpredictedin1975thatelectronicmeansofpayment“wouldsoonrevolutionizethevery（3）ofmoneyitself,”onlyto（4）itselfseveralyearslater.Whyhasthemovementtoacashlesssocietybeenso

（5）

incoming?Althoughelectronicmeansofpaymentmaybemoreefficientthanapaymentsystembasedonpaper,severalfactorswork（6）thedisappearanceofthepapersystem.First,itisvery（7）tosetupthecomputer,cardreader,andtelecommunicationsnetworksnecessarytomakeelectronicmoneythe

（8）formofpayment.Second,papercheckshavetheadvantagethatthey

（9）

receipts,somethingthatmanyconsumersareunwillingto（10）.Third,theuseofpaperchecksgivesconsumersseveraldaysof“float”--ittakesseveraldays（11）acheckiscashedandfundsare

（12）fromtheissuer’saccount,whichmeansthatthewriterofthecheckcanearninterestonthefundsinthemeantime.

（13）electronicpaymentsareimmediate,theyeliminatethefloatfortheconsumer.Fourth,electronicmeansofpaymentmay（14）securityandprivacyconcerns.Weoftenhearmediareportsthatanunauthorizedhackerhasbeenabletoaccessacomputerdatabaseandtoalterinformation（15）there.Becausethisisnotan（16）

occurrence,unscrupulouspersonsmightbeabletoaccessbankaccountsinelectronicpaymentssystemsand

（17）fundsbymovingthemfromsomeoneelse’saccountsintotheirown.The（18）ofthistypeoffraudisnoeasytask,andawholenewfieldofcomputersciencehasdevelopedto（19）securityissues.Afurtherconcernisthattheuseofelectronicmeansofpaymentleavesanelectronic（20）

thatcontainsalargeamountofpersonaldataonbuyinghabits.Thereareworriesthatgovernment,employers,andmarketersmightbeabletoaccessthesedata,therebyencroachingonourprivacy.問題1選項(xiàng)A.HoweverB.MoreoverC.ThereforeD.Otherwise問題2選項(xiàng)A.offB.backC.overD.around問題3選項(xiàng)A.powerB.conceptC.historyD.role問題4選項(xiàng)A.rewardB.resistC.resumeD.reverse問題5選項(xiàng)A.silentB.suddenC.slowD.steady問題6選項(xiàng)A.forB.againstC.withD.on問題7選項(xiàng)A.imaginativeB.expensiveC.sensitiveD.productive問題8選項(xiàng)A.similarB.originalC.temporaryD.dominant問題9選項(xiàng)A.collectB.provideC.copyD.print問題10選項(xiàng)A.giveupB.takeoverC.bringbackD.passdown問題11選項(xiàng)A.beforeB.afterC.sinceD.when問題12選項(xiàng)A.keptB.borrowedC.releasedD.withdrawn問題13選項(xiàng)A.UnlessB.UntilC.BecauseD.Though問題14選項(xiàng)A.hideB.expressC.raiseD.ease問題15選項(xiàng)A.analyzedB.sharedC.storedD.displayed問題16選項(xiàng)A.unsafeB.unnaturalC.uncommonD.unclear問題17選項(xiàng)A.stealB.chooseC.benefitD.return問題18選項(xiàng)A.considerationB.preventionC.manipulationD.justification問題19選項(xiàng)A.copewithB.fightagainstC.adapttoD.callfor問題20選項(xiàng)A.chunkB.chipC.pathD.trail第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】A【解析】連詞詞義辨析。分析四個(gè)選項(xiàng)可知，所提供的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為從句的連接詞，因此要先分析兩句之間的關(guān)系。根據(jù)句意‘在科學(xué)上專業(yè)人員與業(yè)余科研人員之間并沒有明確的分界線。然而，“業(yè)余”這個(gè)詞的確有這樣一個(gè)含義，即相關(guān)人員無法完全融入這一科學(xué)領(lǐng)域。’可知前后兩句之間是轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系，B選項(xiàng)then表示承接關(guān)系；D選項(xiàng)asaresult表示因果關(guān)系，與此不符，排除；C選項(xiàng)besides表示“除此之外還有”，是意思上的一種遞進(jìn)，不符，排除，A選項(xiàng)nevertheless“然而，不過，雖然如此”正確。2.【答案】第1題:A第2題:C第3題:D第4題:B【解析】1.推理判斷題。本題詢問關(guān)于Caspar哪個(gè)說法正確。A選項(xiàng)意為“他是愛德華的兒子”；B選項(xiàng)意為“他是一個(gè)開拓型思維的人”；C選項(xiàng)意為“他首次描繪了水平思考法”；D選項(xiàng)意為“他經(jīng)常受到他的老師的叱責(zé)”。根據(jù)原文“Lateralthinking(thinkinginaroundaboutway),firstdescribedbyEdwarddeBonoin1967,isjustafewyearsolderthanEdward'sson.YoumightimaginethatCasparwasraisedtobeanadventurousthinker,butthedeBononamewassofamous,Caspar'sparentsworriedthat...1967年，愛德華?德?波諾(EdwarddeBono)首次描述了橫向思維(以迂回的方式思考)，他只比愛德華的兒子大幾歲。你可能會(huì)認(rèn)為卡斯帕從小就被培養(yǎng)成一個(gè)敢于冒險(xiǎn)的思想家，但德博諾這個(gè)名字太有名了，卡斯帕的父母擔(dān)心……”可知Caspar是Edward的兒子這一點(diǎn)是正確的，A選項(xiàng)正確。2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。本題詢問Caspar申請(qǐng)牛津大學(xué)成功的原因。A選項(xiàng)意為“他仔細(xì)認(rèn)真并且經(jīng)常學(xué)習(xí)刻苦過度”；B選項(xiàng)意為“他所有的老師都認(rèn)為他能考上”；C選項(xiàng)意為“他在考試中運(yùn)用了他父親提供的技巧”；D選項(xiàng)意為“他在考試之前閱讀了《教會(huì)孩子如何思維》這本書。根據(jù)原文“Sothenwedidseveralthinkingsessions,”hisfathersays,“usingmytechniquesand,whenhewentupfortheexam,hedidextremelywell.然后我們進(jìn)行了幾次思考，”他的父親說，“用我的技巧，當(dāng)他去參加考試時(shí)，他做得非常好?！笨芍且?yàn)檫\(yùn)用了他父親教的方法所以Caspar成功申請(qǐng)到牛津大學(xué)，C選項(xiàng)正確。3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。本題詢問根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容，下列選項(xiàng)能夠表達(dá)EdwarddeBono的觀點(diǎn)的陳述是哪一個(gè)。A選項(xiàng)意為“人人都知道孩子的思維是不太有邏輯的”；B選項(xiàng)意為“試圖教會(huì)孩子思考是一場(chǎng)艱苦的戰(zhàn)斗”；C選項(xiàng)意為“根據(jù)傳統(tǒng)的觀點(diǎn)，人們認(rèn)為思維要按照一定的邏輯順序進(jìn)行”；D選項(xiàng)意為“我們經(jīng)常無法有效地思考是因?yàn)槲覀兊囊曇斑^于狹隘”。根據(jù)原文“Oftenwethinkineffectivelybecausewetaketoolimitedaview.”TeachYourChildHowtoThinkofferslessonsinperceptionimprovement,ofclearlyseeingtheimplicationsofsomethingyouaresayingandofexploringthealternatives....我們常常思考效率低下，因?yàn)槲覀兊囊曇疤邢??！敖棠愕暮⒆尤绾嗡伎伎梢蕴岣咚麄兊母兄芰Γ屗麄兦宄乜吹侥闼f的東西的含義，并探索其他選擇……可可知Edward認(rèn)為我們經(jīng)常無法有效地思考是因?yàn)槲覀兲拗屏俗约旱囊曇?，D選項(xiàng)正確。4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。本題詢問水平思考法不包括下列哪一項(xiàng)內(nèi)容。A選項(xiàng)意為“改善一個(gè)人的思維感知”；B選項(xiàng)意為“按照一定的邏輯順序思考”；C選項(xiàng)意為“明白你所說內(nèi)容的含義”；D選項(xiàng)意為“明白使用其他替換對(duì)象的隱含意義”。根據(jù)原文YourChildHowtoThinkofferslessonsinperceptionimprovement,ofclearlyseeingtheimplicationsofsomethingyouaresayingandofexploringthealternatives.我們的孩子如何思考提供了認(rèn)知改善的課程，清楚地看到你所說的東西的含義，并探索其他選擇。”可知水平思考法包括了其他三項(xiàng)內(nèi)容，B選項(xiàng)沒有提及，B選項(xiàng)符合題意。3.【答案】第1題:D第2題:B第3題:A第4題:C【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章主要是在對(duì)為什么從希臘文化頂峰時(shí)期后兩千年來歸納法和數(shù)學(xué)科學(xué)發(fā)展如此緩慢，而后的兩百年又超越了前人這一問題進(jìn)行科學(xué)探究，所以D選項(xiàng)“科學(xué)探究的方法”適合做文章標(biāo)題。2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句“Orshouldweascribethecharacteristicsofbothperiodstoso-calledhistoricalaccidents—totheinfluenceofconjunctionsincircumstancesofwhichnoexplanationispossible,saveintheomnipotenceandwisdomofaguidingProvidence?’’或去我們是否點(diǎn)當(dāng)把兩個(gè)階段的特點(diǎn)歸因于所謂的歷史的偶然性---歸因于客觀環(huán)境結(jié)合的影響。這一點(diǎn)除非以指導(dǎo)一切的上帝的智慧和無限權(quán)利來解釋，否則難以說清楚?！贝_定B選項(xiàng)‘這是上帝的行為’正確。3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章最后三句“Afactisapropositionofsimple.Atheory,ontheotherhand,iftruehasallthecharacteristicsofafact,exceptthatitsverificationispossibleonlybyindirect,remote,ariddifficultmeans.Toconverttheoriesintofactsistoaddsimpleverification,andthetheorythusacquiresthefullcharacteristicsofafact.”“事實(shí)是一個(gè)提議。而理論，若是真理論，就有事實(shí)的一切特性（除非其證實(shí)只能通過非直接的，遙遠(yuǎn)的和困難的方式實(shí)現(xiàn)），把理論轉(zhuǎn)成事實(shí)必須用簡(jiǎn)單的證實(shí)，理論因此具有事實(shí)的一切特性。”確定A選項(xiàng)“后者需要證實(shí)”是事實(shí)和理論之間的區(qū)別。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一句話“Whytheinductiveandmathematicalsciences...”可以推斷出數(shù)學(xué)不是inductivescience，排除A選項(xiàng)；根據(jù)上一題可知需要簡(jiǎn)單證實(shí)的是理論，排除B選項(xiàng)；D選項(xiàng)“數(shù)學(xué)基于理論和事實(shí)”這一觀點(diǎn)沒有在文章中體現(xiàn)，排除；所以通過排除法得出C選項(xiàng)正確。4.【答案】第1題:B第2題:C第3題:D第4題:D第5題:B第6題:A第7題:A第8題:A第9題:C第10題:C第11題:C第12題:A第13題:C第14題:B第15題:D第16題:A第17題:B第18題:C第19題:A第20題:A【解析】（1）動(dòng)詞辨析題。根據(jù)前一句句意‘大體上來說，英國(guó)人比較安靜、羞澀、保守，他們只在非常熟悉的人而前才能完全放松’，B選項(xiàng)relaxed正確。（2）副詞辨析題。句意：當(dāng)有陌生人或外國(guó)人在場(chǎng)的時(shí)候，他們通常會(huì)顯得拘謹(jǐn)，甚至局促不安。由inhibited到embarrassed是遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，所以C選項(xiàng)的even正確。（3）名詞辨析題。句意：你只需留意一下早晚通勤車的狀況便可證實(shí)這一點(diǎn)。A選項(xiàng)的experience“經(jīng)歷”；B選項(xiàng)的undergo“經(jīng)歷，遭受，承受”；C選項(xiàng)的travel“旅行，前進(jìn)”；D選項(xiàng)的witness“目擊，證明”,D選項(xiàng)正確。（4）副詞辨析題。句意：實(shí)際上，有條沒有明文規(guī)定但都心知肚明的行為準(zhǔn)則。A選項(xiàng)的obviously“明顯地”；B選項(xiàng)的contrarily“相反地，反之，反對(duì)地”；C選項(xiàng)的frequently“頻繁地，經(jīng)常地”，不合題意,D選項(xiàng)的Practically“實(shí)際地；幾乎；事實(shí)上”正確。（5）連詞辨析題。句意：如果打破這條行為準(zhǔn)則，這人便立刻成為眾人懷疑的對(duì)象。B選項(xiàng)if表示“如果”，符合句意。（6）名詞辨析題。句意：行為表現(xiàn)不符合常規(guī)，應(yīng)該是引起人們的懷疑。A選項(xiàng)suspicion“懷疑”;B選項(xiàng)opposition“反對(duì)”；C選項(xiàng)attack“攻擊，抨擊”；D選項(xiàng)study“研宄”,A選項(xiàng)正確。（7）名詞辨析題。句意：眾所周知，英國(guó)人對(duì)談?wù)撎鞖馇橛歇?dú)鐘”A選項(xiàng)haveapassionfor‘‘對(duì)…有強(qiáng)烈的愛好”；B選項(xiàng)haveafancyfor“喜歡，想要”；C選項(xiàng)haveanecessityfor“必要性，需要”；D選項(xiàng)haveatopicfor“有一個(gè)話題”，所以A選項(xiàng)符合句意。（8）介詞短語辨析題。句意：只要有機(jī)會(huì)，他們就能對(duì)此做出長(zhǎng)篇大論?！盇選項(xiàng)atlength“最后，終于，詳細(xì)地”；B選項(xiàng)toagreatextent“在很大程度上”；C選項(xiàng)fromtheirheart“從心底”；D選項(xiàng)byallmeans“一定，務(wù)必，盡一切辦法”,A選項(xiàng)符合句意。（9）動(dòng)詞辨析題。句意：有人認(rèn)為這是由于英國(guó)的天氣變幻莫測(cè)，因此勾起了大家的興趣和思索”。A選項(xiàng)follow“跟隨，遵循”;B選項(xiàng)predict“預(yù)報(bào)，預(yù)言”;C選項(xiàng)defy“藐視，公然反抗，挑釁，使落空”；D選項(xiàng)violate“違反，侵犯”,C選項(xiàng)符合句意。（10）名詞辨析題。句意：因此成了每個(gè)人趣味和猜測(cè)的來源。”A選項(xiàng)contribution“貢獻(xiàn)，捐獻(xiàn)，投稿”;B選項(xiàng)deduction“扣除，推論”；C選項(xiàng)contemplation“沉思，注視，意圖”；D選項(xiàng)speculation“投機(jī)，推測(cè)，思索”,C選項(xiàng)符合句意。（11）副詞辨析題。句意：當(dāng)然，英國(guó)人不能太相信氣象學(xué)專家……”。A選項(xiàng)still“仍然，更”；B選項(xiàng)also“同樣，也，而且”；C選項(xiàng)certainly“當(dāng)然，必定”；D選項(xiàng)fundamentally“根本地，從根本上，基礎(chǔ)地”。C選項(xiàng)符合句意。（12）名詞辨析題。句意：當(dāng)然，英國(guó)人不能太相信氣象學(xué)專家……”A選項(xiàng)h