北京市海淀區(qū)高二下學期期末英語試題

海淀區(qū)2022年高二年級學業(yè)水平調研英語本試卷共8頁，共四大部分，58道小題，滿分100分?？荚嚂r長90分鐘。試題答案一律填涂或書寫在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效?？荚嚱Y束后，請將答題卡交回。第一部分：聽力理解（共三節(jié)，20分）第一節(jié)（共4小題；每小題1分，共4分）聽下面4段對話。每段對話后有一道小題，從每題所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話前，你將有5秒鐘的時間閱讀每小題。聽完后，每小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話你將聽一遍。1.Whichclubwillthewomanchoose?A.TheBasketballTeam.B.TheRoboticsClub.C.TheHip-hopDancingClub.2.Whatisthewoman?A.Amusician.B.Anarchitect.C.Anaccountant.3.What'sthemandoing?A.Offeringsuggestions.B.Askingforhelp.C.Makingrequests.4.Whereareprobablythetwospeakers?A.Athome.B.Inagarage.C.Inahospital.第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1分，共10分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾道小題，從每題所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有5秒鐘的時間閱讀每小題。聽完后，每小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白你將聽兩遍。聽第5段材料，回答第5至6題。5.Whatdoesthewomancomplainaboutherfridge?A.Thedoorwon'tshut.B.Thealarmdoesn'tbeep.C.Itdoesn'tgetcold.6.Whatwillthewomanprobablydonext?A.Waitfortherepairmantocome.B.Sendthefridgetothecentre.C.Makeanotherurgentcall.聽第6段材料，回答第7至8題。7.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Thewoman'sinterests.B.Thewoman'sfuturejob.C.Thewoman'sschoolwork.8.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo?A.Togetamedicaldegree.B.Tomakeaquickdecision.C.Tolearnmoreinformation.聽第7段材料，回答第9至10題。9.Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?A.Shehasaneyeforart.B.Sheworksinanartmuseum.C.Shelikesallkindsofartbutmodernart.10Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthefirstpainting?A.Childish.B.Old-styled.C.Well-painted.聽第8段材料、回答第11至12題。11.Whichlevelcanthelistenerslakepartin?A.Thehighlevel.B.Themiddlelevel.C.Thelowlevel.12.Whoisthespeakerprobablytalkingto?A.Potentialcompetitors.B.Poetsofallages.C.Previouswinners.聽第9段材料，回答第13至14題。13Whydoesthewomancometothecommunitycenter?A.Toregisterforthedanceworkshop.B.Toinquireaboutthedanceclasses.C.Tolistentoanintroductionaboutdancing.14.Whatdoesthewomanneedtodobeforethedanceclass?A.Prepareatowelandawaterbottle.B.Callafitnessprofessional.CGetreadyforadancetest.第三節(jié)（共4小題；每小題分，共6分）聽下面一段獨白，完成第15至18四道小題，每小題僅填寫一個詞。聽獨白前，你將有20秒鐘的時間閱讀試題，聽完后你將有60秒鐘的作答時間。這段獨白你將聽兩遍。將答案填寫在答題卡相應的位置。HowtoDevelopaCreativeMindSettingasidetimeforbrainstorming●Findtimefreefromworkorassignments●Donot15yourthoughtsChangingoldhabits●Changedailyroutinessuchas...●Trynew16togainnewtalentssuchasbaking,photographyandwoodcarvingDevelopingnewwaysofthinking●Spendtimein17thoughttoimprove...●Develop18emotionstostayfocusedforalongertime第二部分：知識運用（共兩節(jié)，25分）第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1分，共10分）閱讀下面的短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。WhenIwasajuniorinhighschool,Iwasnominated(提名)torunforvicepresidentoftheStudentCouncilatthestartofoursenioryear.Iturneditdownbecauseoftheresponsibilitiesofthisposition.ButI___1___torunforcourtclerkinstead,asIknewthatbeingcourtclerkwouldn’tbedifficult.Whentheelectioncame,I___2___.Indeed,overthewholeyearthatfollowed,theonlythingmynewpositionbroughtwasasenseof___3___,justasIhadhoped.Thentowardstheendoftheyear,allthecouncilmemberstookturnstotalkabouttheirexperiencesintheirpositionsinthefinalassembly(集會)oftheyear.IthoughtIwaslastintermsofimportance,the___4___positiononthecouncil.Sowhentalkingaboutmyjob,Isaidthatthecourtclerkdidn’tdoanything;sincetherewasnocourt,itdidn’tmatterwhotheyvotedfor.IthoughtIwasbeing___5___andcool.AsIexited,however,Iwas___6___byanangryMr.Roberge,theStudentCounciladvisor.Hetookmeasideandcriticizedme,usingwhatever___7___wordshecouldthinkof.Ican’texactlyrememberwhathesaid.ButIwasforcedtorealizeIhaddevelopedthediseaseofnotcaring,andthecancerofalackof___8___.IcannotsayMr.Roberge___9___methenandthere.ButsincethatdayIhavebeenmuchmoreawareofmystrugglestoberespectfulforpeopleandformyself.Mr.Robergechangedthe____10____ofmylife,bymaybeafewcentimeters.Butthatdifferencehasaccumulatedovertime,andIamnotthepersonIwouldhavebeen.1.A.continued B.agreed C.hesitated D.failed2.A.won B.voted C.withdrew D.panicked3.A.freedom B.achievement C.lightness D.security4.A.coolest B.hardest C.best D.lowest5.A.truthful B.respectful C.smart D.humble6.A.disturbed B.punished C.doubted D.stopped7.A.sharp B.abstract C.confusing D.discouraging8.A.self-control B.self-acceptance C.self-respect D.self-discipline9.A.comforted B.cured C.impressed D.inspired10.A.goal B.value C.pace D.course【答案】1.B2.A3.C4.D5.A6.D7.A8.C9.B10.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講的是對一切都漠不關心的作者，因為一次自以為是的發(fā)言而受到學生會顧問的嚴厲批評，從此他的思想有了積極改變?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：但我同意競選學生會書記員，因為我知道做學生會書記員并不難。A.continued繼續(xù)；B.agreed同意；C.hesitated猶豫；D.failed失敗。根據(jù)后文“Whentheelectioncame,I___2___.”可知，我競選了學生會書記員。故選B項。【2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當選舉來臨時，我贏了。A.won贏；B.voted選舉；C.withdrew收回；D.panicked恐慌。根據(jù)下“Indeed,overthewholeyearthatfollowed,theonlythingmynewpositionbroughtwasasenseof___3___,justasIhadhoped.”可知，我當選了書記員。故選A項?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：事實上，在接下來的一整年里，我的新職位帶來的唯一的東西就是一種輕松的感覺，正如我所希望的那樣。A.freedom自由；B.achievement成就；C.lightness輕松；D.security安全。根據(jù)后文“Isaidthatthecourtclerkdidn’tdoanything;sincetherewasnocourt,itdidn’tmatterwhotheyvotedfor.”可知，因為平時無事可做，所以工作很輕松。故選C項。【4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我認為我是最不重要的，在學生會中排名最低的職位。A.coolest最酷的；B.hardest最艱難的；C.best最好的；D.lowest最低的。根據(jù)前文“IthoughtIwaslastintermsofimportance,”可知，我認為我的職位最低。故選D項?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我以為我很誠實很酷。A.truthful真實的；B.respectful恭敬的；C.smart聰明的；D.humble謙虛的。根前文“Isaidthatthecourtclerkdidn’tdoanything;sincetherewasnocourt,itdidn’tmatterwhotheyvotedfor.”以及空后的“andcool.”可知，因為講了實話，所以我認為自己很酷也很誠實。故選A項?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，當我離開時，我被憤怒的學生會顧問羅伯特先生攔住了。A.disturbed打擾；B.punished懲罰；C.doubted懷疑；D.stopped停止。根據(jù)后文“Hetookmeasideandcriticizedme,usingwhatever___7___wordshecouldthinkof.”可知，我被學生會顧問攔住了。故選D項?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他把我拉到一邊，用他能想到的任何尖銳的話批評我。A.sharp尖銳的；B.abstract抽象的；C.confusing令人困惑的；D.discouraging使人沮喪的。根據(jù)空前的“Hetookmeasideandcriticizedme,usingwhatever”以及空后“wordshecouldthinkof.”可知，學生會顧問對我進行了嚴厲的批評。故選A項?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但我被迫意識到，我已經得上了漠不關心的疾病以及缺乏自尊的癌癥。A.self-control自控；B.self-acceptance自我接受；C.self-respect自尊；D.self-discipline自律。根據(jù)后文“ButsincethatdayIhavebeenmuchmoreawareofmystrugglestoberespectfulforpeopleandformyself.”可知，在被學生會顧問批評之前，我對別人是漠不關心的，對于自己也不尊重。故選C項?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我不能說羅伯特先生當場就把我治好了。A.comforted安慰；B.cured治愈；C.impressed使感動；D.inspired鼓勵。根據(jù)后文“ButsincethatdayIhavebeenmuchmoreawareofmystrugglestoberespectfulforpeopleandformyself.”可知，經過羅伯特先生的嚴厲批評，我的思想發(fā)生了改變，開始了尊重別人也尊重自己。故選B項?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Mr.Roberge改變了我的人生航向，也許只有幾厘米。A.goal目標；B.value價值；C.pace節(jié)奏；D.course航向。根據(jù)空后的“bymaybeafewcentimeters.”可知，是羅伯特先生改變了我的人生航向。故選D項。第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題分，共15分）A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。SinceWilliamShakespearelivedmorethan400yearsago,andmanyrecordsfromthattimewerelostorneverexistedinthefirstplace,wedon’tknoweverythingabouthislife.___11___wedoknowisthatShakespearegrewupinStratfordbutheworkedinLondon,thecenterofEnglishtheater,wherehe___12___(become)well-knownasanactor,aplaywright,andapartnerinaleadingactingcompany.Evenwithoutknowingeverythingabouthislife,fansofShakespearehaveimaginedandreimaginedhimaccordingtotheirown___13___(taste).【答案】11.What12.became13.tastes【解析】【導語】本文是一篇人物簡介。文章介紹了莎士比亞生活的年代，工作地點，成就以及粉絲對他的生活的種種猜測?！?1題詳解】考查名詞性從句。句意：我們所知道的是莎士比亞在斯特拉特福德長大，但他在倫敦工作，倫敦是英國戲劇的中心，在那里他以演員、劇作家和一家主要的表演公司的合伙人而聞名?？崭裉幰龑е髡Z從句，且在從句中作know的賓語，指物，用what引導。放在句首，首字母大寫。故填What?！?2題詳解】考查時態(tài)。句意：我們所知道的是莎士比亞在斯特拉特福德長大，但他在倫敦工作，倫敦是英國戲劇的中心，在那里他以演員、劇作家和一家主要的表演公司的合伙人而聞名。結合表語從句中的grew，可知描述過去發(fā)生的事情，where引導的定語從句也用一般過去時，動詞become用過去式。故填became?！?3題詳解】考查名詞單復數(shù)。句意：即使對他的生活一無所知，莎士比亞的粉絲們根據(jù)自己的喜好對他進行了想象和重新設想。結合句中的形容詞性物主代詞their可知應該填入名詞復數(shù)形式tastes，表示“粉絲們的喜好”。故填tastes。B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。Conflictresolutionisimportantforthesuccessofanyteam.Leavingaconflictunresolvedcannegativelyimpactmoraleandproductivity,___14___(result)inatenseanduncomfortableworkenvironmentforall.Resolvingconflictsintheworkplaceallowsteamstotrusteachotherandworkbettertogethertoachievetheirgoals.Conflictresolution___15___(enable)teammemberstounderstandeachotherbetterandcreatesmootherworkingrelationshipsinthefuture.Conflictresolutionisa___16___(value)leadershipskilltohave.Individualswiththeabilitytorecognizeconflicts,acknowledgedifferencesandfindquickandpeacefulresolutionareessentialtoanyorganization.【答案】14resulting15.enables16.valuable##valued【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了沖突解決對于團隊的重要性和影響。【14題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：不解決沖突可能會對士氣和生產力產生負面影響，導致所有人的工作環(huán)境緊張而不舒適。句子謂語動詞是canimpact，且無連詞，所以空格處需要填入非謂語動詞；結合句意可知填入現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，表示順其自然的結果。故填resulting。【15題詳解】考查時態(tài)。句意：沖突解決使團隊成員能夠更好地相互理解，并在未來建立更順暢的工作關系。句子陳述事實用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語Conflictresolution是第三人稱單數(shù)，謂語動詞enable用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填enables?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：解決沖突是一項寶貴的領導技能。修飾名詞短語leadershipskill需要填入形容詞valuable或者valued作定語，意為“有價值的，寶貴的”。故填valuable/valued。C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。Ifyouwokeup20yearsfromnowin2042,whatwouldbedifferent?Herearesomeideas___17___(base)onnumbersthatdon’trequirecrystalball.About70%oftheworldpopulationisexpectedtoliveinurbanareasby2050.Thatmeansmostcitiesaregoingtoneedmoreinfrastructure.Roads,publictransportationandwastemanagement___18___(upgrade).Andwe’llbeolder.Wearelikelytoliveuntil82.4yearsold,comparedwiththecurrentlifeexpectancyof79.1years.That’sagoodthing___19___healthcarecompanies.Butlivingthreeextrayearsisgoingtobemoreexpensive,___20___willhaveimplicationsforbothworkingandsaving.【答案】17.based18.willbeupgraded19.for20.which【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要對2050年的生活進行了一系列的預測，預測了環(huán)境和人的壽命的變化。【17題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：以下是一些基于數(shù)字的想法，不需要水晶球。句子中含有系動詞are且無連詞，空格處填入非謂語動詞，someideas和base是被動關系，用過去分詞作后置定語符合題意。故填based。【18題詳解】考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：道路、公共交通和廢物管理將得到改善。結合前后句可知文章暢想未來，時態(tài)用一般將來時，主語Roads,publictransportationandwastemanagement和upgrade之間是被動關系，用一般將來時的被動語態(tài)willbedone。故填willbeupgraded?！?9題詳解】考查介詞。句意：這對醫(yī)療保健公司來說是件好事。結合句意可知表示“對于”用介詞for。故填for?！?0題詳解】考查定語從句引導詞。句意：但多活三年的費用將更高，這將對工作和儲蓄產生影響?？崭裉幰龑Х窍拗菩远ㄕZ從句，指代整個主句，且在從句中作主語，用關系代詞which引導。故填which。第三部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)（共10小題；每題2分，共20分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AWhat’sSoFunny?In1990,duringaperformanceofmystageplay,Ikeptfocusingmyselfononeparticularmemberoftheaudience.Whileeverybodyelselaughed,thereshesat,staringatthefloor,withherfingersinherears.I’llneverforgetherlookofdiscomfort.Thatwomanwasmymother.IwishIcouldsayherreactionthateveningwasanincident,butitwasoneofmanyIrememberwhenIwasfirststartingoutasaplaywright.AlthoughI’destablishedmyselfasahumourist,mymotherneverfoundmeormyworkparticularlyfunny.Welovedeachotherdeeply,ofcourse,butshewasmyhardestcritic.“IsDrewreallythatfunny?”she’daskfamilymembers.Tomakemattersworse,thefeelingwasmutual(相互的):thoughoursocialcirclesworethatshewasfunny,Ineversawit.Howcouldshebefunny?Mymotherwassupposedlyveryfunnyinherfirstlanguage,Anishinaabemowin,butIdidn’tspeakit.Oneofthecharacteristicsofthelanguageisthatitisstructuredformaximumamusement.ForawhileIwasconvincedIwouldnevermakeherlaugh.Then,in2005,Isucceeded.Ihadpublishedabookcalled,MeFunny.Initweredozensofessaysdeconstructing(解構)thehumourinAnishinaabemowin.Theycrackedherupsomuchthatshelookedatmeanddeclared,“Wow,thatwasfunny!”Irememberbeingrelievedandverypleased.In2009,mymotherpassedaway.Iwasinchargeofplanningthefuneralalongwithtwocousins.Becausemymotherwasashywoman,Icanguaranteeshewouldhavefoundourgroupeffortquiteembarrassing.Duringthefuneral,amidstthetears,familymemberafterfamilymembergotupandrecountedthingsshehaddoneandsaidovertheyears.Tomysurprise,Ifoundmyselflaughing.Moreandmorestoriesabouthersurfaced.Welaughedaswerememberedher.Icouldn’tseemymother’sforestformyowntrees.IwishIcouldhavesharedthoselaughswithherwhileshewasalive,butI’mgladIfinallymadetheconnection.21.Theauthor’smotherdidn’tlaughwhenwatchinghisplaybecause________.A.shewasn’tinterestedinstageplays B.shefeltuncomfortableatthetheatreC.shecouldn’tunderstandhishumour D.shehaddifficultyfollowingtheplot22.Whatfinallyhelpedtheauthorunderstandhismother’shumour?A.Thereleaseofhisbook. B.Thestoriesabouthismother.C.Theaudience’sfeedback. D.Thesocialcircle’scomments.23.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassage?A.Toexpresshissorrow. B.Toexplainhishumour.C.Toshowhisachievements. D.Torememberhismother.【答案】21.C22.B23.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。作者的幽默作品從來不能讓母親發(fā)笑，而母親的幽默也是作者不能想象的，最終母親的去世讓作者從她的故事中真正理解了她的幽默?！?1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“AlthoughI’destablishedmyselfasahumourist,mymotherneverfoundmeormyworkparticularlyfunny.Welovedeachotherdeeply,ofcourse,butshewasmyhardestcritic.(雖然我已經把自己塑造成一個幽默作家，但我母親從未覺得我或我的作品特別有趣。當然，我們深愛著對方，但她是我最嚴厲的批評者。)”可知母親在觀看作者的劇本是不笑時因為她從不覺得劇作者以及他的作品有趣，即母親不能理解作者的幽默。故選C項。【22題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Duringthefuneral,amidstthetears,familymemberafterfamilymembergotupandrecountedthingsshehaddoneandsaidovertheyears.Tomysurprise,Ifoundmyselflaughing.Moreandmorestoriesabouthersurfaced.Welaughedaswerememberedher.(在葬禮上，在眼淚中，一個又一個的家人站起來，講述了她多年來所做的事情。令我吃驚的是，我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己都笑了。越來越多的關于她的故事浮出水面。我們一想起她，就笑了起來。)可知最終幫助作者理解母親幽默的是和母親有關的故事。故選B項?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“IwishIcouldhavesharedthoselaughswithherwhileshewasalive,butI’mgladIfinallymadetheconnection.(我希望我能在她活著的時候和她分享這些笑聲，但我很高興我終于建立了這種聯(lián)系。)”以及前文內容的敘述可知作者寫這篇文章的目的是為了紀念自己的母親。故選D項。BAbsenceofevidenceisnotthesamethingasevidenceofabsence.Butifyoutrytofindthedifferenceandkeepfailingtogetit,youcanbeforgiven.Andsoitiswiththecomplicatedsubjectofexplicit(明確的)grammarteachinginschools,anditslinkwithimprovedwritingability.Arecentstudy,likenearlyallpreviousstudiesonthissubject,foundthatteachingkidshowtolabelthebitsandpiecesinasentencedoesnotmakethembetterwriters.OtherobserversmaybegintowonderwhethertheNationalCurriculum,whichsince2014hasmadegrammarsuchacentralpartofitsEnglishprogramme,mighthavegonedownablindalley.Thepromoterofthecurriculum,aformersecretaryofeducation,MichaelGove,insistedontheinsertionofpersonalpreferenceintothegrammarcurriculum,notablythesubjunctiveform,“IfIwere”.Mentionofhisnamealonewrinklesmanyteachers’noses—partlybecausesomeofthemwerehardlypreparedtoteachthenewmaterialthemselvesafterdecadesinwhichgrammarwaslargelyabsentfromclassrooms.Inreflection,itseemsunsurprisingthatlearningtounderlineamodalverb,suchas“can”,“should”and“may”,doeslittletohelpstudentsusethemeffectivelyintheirownwriting.Thesewordsareanywaygraspedbytinychildrenwithouttheneedtoknowwhattheyarecalled.Thismayleadtotheconclusionthattheteachingofgrammarshouldbeshelvedaltogether.However,itshouldn’tbeabandoned,thoughitshouldbereformed.Therearepracticalreasonsforteachingandlearninggrammar.Oneisthatanexplicitknowledgeofitwillmakelearningaforeignlanguageeasier.Ifyoudidintuit(直覺上知道)howtomakesubordinateclausesinyourmothertongue,gettingtograsptheminaforeignlanguageinlateryearsissimplerifyouknowhowtodefineandspotthem.Forgrammarianskeenonthejobsofthefuture,thefieldofnaturallanguageprocessingisbooming.Technologicaltalentshaveinventedprogramsforautomatedtranslation,speechrecognitionandotherservicesthatareactuallyusable,eveniffarfromperfect.ThesetoolsmayrelymoreonknowledgeofAIthanofgrammar,butlinguisticexpertise(專門技能)stillmatters.Grammarcouldstillbetaughtbetter.Onesmallstudyshowedimprovementinsomestudentswhenconceptswerelinkedconcretelytowritingtasks.Therefore,thescienceofhowwordscombinetomakemeaningisfascinatingaswellasfundamental.24.WhatdomanyteachersthinkofMichaelGove’sidea?A.Theyareinsupportofhisclaim.B.Theyshowdisagreementwithhisidea.C.Theyhavenocommentsonhisphilosophy.D.Theyarepreparedtoteachthenewmaterials.25.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Mothertonguegrammarcontributestoforeignlanguagelearning.B.Grammaristaughtbetterinwritingthaninotherareasofteaching.C.Naturallanguageprocessingisstronglysupportedbygrammarians.D.GrammarknowledgeisnolongerneededwiththedevelopmentofAI.26.Whatcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.Grammar—ToTeachorNottoTeachB.HowCouldGrammarBeTaughtBetterC.WhyLearnForeignLanguageGrammarD.MotherTongueGrammar—ImportantorNot【答案】24.B25.A26.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章就是否應該進行語法教學進行了闡述，指出語法教學不應該被拋棄，應該被改革，語法仍然可以教得更好?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段最后一句“Mentionofhisnamealonewrinklesmanyteachers’noses—partlybecausesomeofthemwerehardlypreparedtoteachthenewmaterialthemselvesafterdecadesinwhichgrammarwaslargelyabsentfromclassrooms.(一提起他的名字，許多老師就會嗤之以鼻——部分原因是他們中的一些人在幾十年語法在課堂上基本消失之后，幾乎沒有準備好自己教授新材料。)”可知許多老師對邁克爾·戈夫的想法的態(tài)度是：他們表示不同意他的想法。故選B。【25題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段最后一句“Ifyoudidintuit(直覺上知道)howtomakesubordinateclausesinyourmothertongue,gettingtograsptheminaforeignlanguageinlateryearsissimplerifyouknowhowtodefineandspotthem.(如果你憑直覺知道如何在母語中造出從句，如果你知道如何定義和識別它們，那么在以后的幾年里用外語掌握它們會更簡單。)”可知母語語法有助于外語學習。故選A。【26題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句“OtherobserversmaybegintowonderwhethertheNationalCurriculum,whichsince2014hasmadegrammarsuchacentralpartofitsEnglishprogramme,mighthavegonedownablindalley.(其他觀察家可能開始懷疑，自2014年以來一直將語法作為其英語課程核心部分的國家課程，是否會走上死胡同。)”和第四段最后兩句“Thismayleadtotheconclusionthattheteachingofgrammarshouldbeshelvedaltogether.However,itshouldn’tbeabandoned,thoughitshouldbereformed.(這可能導致語法教學應該完全擱置的結論。然而，它不應該被拋棄，盡管它應該被改革。)”，再結合最后一段第一句“Grammarcouldstillbetaughtbetter.(語法仍然可以教得更好。)”可知文章就是否應該進行語法教學進行了闡述，指出語法教學不應該被拋棄，應該被改革，語法仍然可以教得更好。所以文章的標題應該是：Grammar—ToTeachorNottoTeach(教還是不教語法)。故選A。CIfyou’rereachingforthelastpieceofpizzaataparty,andmeanwhileseeanotherhandgoingforit,yournextmoveprobablydependsonhowyoufeelandwhomthehandbelongsto.Yourlittlesister—youmightjustgrabthepizza.Yourboss—youprobablywillgiveup.Butifyou’rehungryandfeelingparticularlyconfident,youmightgoforit.Nowresearchershavemadeprogressinunderstandinghowmammals’brainencodessocialrankandusesthisinformationtoshapebehaviours—suchaswhethertofightforthatlastpizzaslice.Theydiscoveredthatanareaofthebraincalledthemedialprefrontalcortex(mPFC)wasresponsibleforrepresentingsocialrankinmammals;changestoamouse’smPFCaffectitsdominance(支配)behaviour.ButitwasunknownhowthemPFCrepresentedthisinformationandwhichneurons(神經元)wereinvolvedinchangingdominancebehaviour.Inthenewstudy,ProfessorKayTyeletgroupsoffourmiceshareacage,allowingasocialhierarchy(等級)tonaturallydevelop—somemicebecamemoredominantandothersmoresubordinate.Assoonasthemicewerepairedup,hediscovered,theactivityoftheirmPFCneuronscouldpredict—with90percentcertainty—therankoftheiropponent.“Weexpectedanimalsmightonlysignalrankwhentheyareinacompetition,”saysco-researcherNancy.“Butitturnsoutanimalswalkaroundwiththisrepresentationofsocialrankallthetime.”WhentheresearchersnextaskedwhethertheactivityofthemPFCneuronswasassociatedwithbehaviour,theyfoundsomethingsurprising.Thebrainactivitypatternswerelinkedwithslightchangesinbehaviour,suchashowfastamousemoved,andtheyalsocouldpredict—afull30secondsbeforethecompetitionstarted—whichmousewouldwinthefoodreward.Thewinnerwasnotalwaysthemoredominant,buttheoneengagedina“winningmindset”.Justasyoumightsometimesbeinamorecompetitivemoodandbemorelikelytosnatchthatpizzaslicebeforeyourboss,asubordinatemousemightbeinamore“winningmindset”thanamoredominantmouseandendupwinning.TheareasofthemPFCassociatedwithsocialrankand“winningmindset”arenexttooneanotherandhighlyconnected.Signalsonsocialrankimpactthestateofthebraininvolvedin“winningmindset”.Inotherwords,asubordinatemouse’sconfidenceand“winningmindset”maypartiallydecreasewhenfacedwithadominantone.“Thisisfurtherevidencetosuggestthatweareindifferentbrainstateswhenwearewithotherscomparedtowhenwe’realone,”saysTye.“Regardlessofwhoyou’rewith,ifyou’reawareofotherpeoplearoundyou,yourbrainisusingdifferentneurons.”27.TheauthorwritesParagraph1inorderto________.A.tellaninterestingstory B.presentatypicalexampleC.introduceamajortopic D.provideaconvincingproof28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inParagraph5referto?A.ThemPFCneurons. B.Theresearchers.C.Thebrainactivitypatterns. D.Thechangesinbehaviour.29.Whatcanwelearnfromthenewstudy?A.mPFCneuronschangedominancebehaviour.B.Brainactivitiescaninfluencesocialhierarchy.C.Dominantopponentsboost“winningmindset”.D.Socialrankand“winningmindset”affectbehaviour.30.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Thoseeagertowinmaysucceed. B.Whenalone,wearemoreconfident.C.Socialrankguidescompetitivebehaviour. D.“Winningmindset”establishesdominance.【答案】27.C28.C29.D30.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了研究人員對大腦中一個叫做內側前額葉皮質（mPFC）的區(qū)域如何參與改變支配行為的研究，得出結論：處于“勝利心態(tài)”的人更容易成為具有統(tǒng)治力的人，并且mPFC神經元改變支配行為?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Ifyou’rereachingforthelastpieceofpizzaataparty,andmeanwhileseeanotherhandgoingforit,yournextmoveprobablydependsonhowyoufeelandwhomthehandbelongsto.Yourlittlesister—youmightjustgrabthepizza.Yourboss—youprobablywillgiveup.Butifyou’rehungryandfeelingparticularlyconfident,youmightgoforit.(如果你在派對上伸手去拿最后一塊披薩，同時看到另一只手在拿，你的下一步行動可能取決于你的感覺以及那只手屬于誰。你妹妹——你可能就去拿披薩。你的老板——你可能會放棄。但是如果你餓了并且感覺特別自信，你可能會去拿披薩。)”，結合之后文章提出大腦中一個叫做內側前額葉皮質（mPFC）的區(qū)域負責代表哺乳動物的社會地位，可知作者寫第一段是為了引出一個主要話題。故選C。【28題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第五段“WhentheresearchersnextaskedwhethertheactivityofthemPFCneuronswasassociatedwithbehaviour,theyfoundsomethingsurprising.Thebrainactivitypatternswerelinkedwithslightchangesinbehaviour,suchashowfastamousemoved,andtheyalsocouldpredict—afull30secondsbeforethecompetitionstarted—whichmousewouldwinthefoodreward.(當研究人員再次詢問mPFC神經元的活動是否與行為有關時，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些令人驚訝的事情。大腦活動模式與行為的輕微變化有關，例如老鼠移動的速度，它們還可以在比賽開始前整整30秒預測哪只老鼠會贏得食物獎勵。)”，可知研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)大腦活動模式與行為密切相關，劃線部分的“they”指的是大腦活動模式。故選C?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“TheareasofthemPFCassociatedwithsocialrankand“winningmindset”arenexttooneanotherandhighlyconnected.Signalsonsocialrankimpactthestateofthebraininvolvedin“winningmindset”.Inotherwords,asubordinatemouse’sconfidenceand“winningmindset”maypartiallydecreasewhenfacedwithadominantone.(mPFC中與社會地位和“獲勝心態(tài)”相關的區(qū)域彼此相鄰，高度相關。社會等級的信號會影響“獲勝心態(tài)”的大腦狀態(tài)。換句話說，當面對占優(yōu)勢的老鼠時，從屬老鼠的信心和“獲勝心態(tài)”可能會部分下降。)”，可知社會地位和獲勝心態(tài)可能會影響心態(tài)，從而影響行為。故選D。【30題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“Thewinnerwasnotalwaysthemoredominant,buttheoneengagedina“winningmindset”.Justasyoumightsometimesbeinamorecompetitivemoodandbemorelikelytosnatchthatpizzaslicebeforeyourboss,asubordinatemousemightbeinamore“winningmindset”thanamoredominantmouseandendupwinning..(勝利者并不總是更具統(tǒng)治力的人，而是處于“勝利心態(tài)”的人。正如你有時可能處于一種更具競爭性的情緒中，更有可能在老板面前搶走那塊披薩一樣，處于從屬地位的老鼠可能比更具統(tǒng)治力的老鼠處于更“勝利的心態(tài)”，并最終獲勝。)”，可知勝利者不一定是統(tǒng)治者，而是處于“勝利心態(tài)”的人，也就是說那些渴望勝利的人可能會成功。故選A。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Inscience,advancesareadailyoccurrence,buttruebreakthroughsarerare.Whatdoesittaketoachieveworld-changingscientificbreakthroughs?Somearetheresultofaluckyaccident,combinedwithcuriosity.Scientiststravelingdownoneroadsuddenlyfindreasontoswitchtoanotherroad,onetheyneverplannedtotravel—aroadthatmaywellleadnowhere.___31___Oneday,usuallyearlyintheircareer,theygetanideatheycan’tstopthinkingabout.It’scrazy,theysaytothemselves,butisitreallyimpossible?Theytalktorespectedcolleagueswhooftenremindthemofallthereasonstheirideamightnotwork,andhowdamagingthiscouldbefortheircareer.Yet,theideawon’tdieandtheyaredeterminedtotravelthatroad—aroadthatmaywellleadnowhere.___32___Whicheverroadscientistswhoachievelifesavingbreakthroughstravel,theyoftenenduredisinterest,likeFleming,whodiscoveredpenicillinduetoluckyaccidentsandcuriosity,orrepeatedskepticismandrejection,likeKarikó,whomadeallmRNAvaccinespossiblewith20yearsofpersistenceandresilience.Bybringingtheirdreamstolife,theywererewardedwithfameandwealthandsomethingevenmorevaluable.___33___Ofcourse,theobsession(執(zhí)念)withanunlikelydreamfailstopayoffformanyscientists.___34___Naturedoesn’tturnouttooperatethewaytheypredicted.Intheend,theirbeautifultheoryismurderedbybrutalfacts.Forthosedreamersontherighttrack,theywouldhaveachievedtheirdream—ifonlytheyhaddonetheexperimentalittledifferently,ifonlytheyhadpersistedalittlelonger,orifonlythesupportfortheirworkhadnotrunout.Ultimately,scientificbreakthroughsarepossibleonlyifasocietyiswillingtoinvestindreamers,recognizingthatnotallinvestmentswillleadtomajorbreakthroughs.___35___Moreimportantly,theinvestmentspreventsufferinganddeathandchangetheworld.A.Somescientistsareaddictedtotheircrazyideas.B.Theirideas,thoughbrilliant,intheendareprovedwrong.C.Buttheyrefusetogiveinandstruggletofindmorefinancialsupport.D.Becauseofthem,millionsofpeoplearoundtheworldnevergotsickordied.E.Othermajorbreakthroughsoriginatefromscientistspursuingaspecificidea.F.ButsometimestheroadleadstomajorbreakthroughslikeX-rayandvaccines.G.However,theinvestmentsleadingtobreakthroughsbringagreatereconomicreturn.【答案】31.E32.F33.D34.B35.G