被動語態(tài)+精制學(xué)案（ 含答案解析 ） 高考英語 語法提分精講

PAGE高中語法講義被動語態(tài)年月日 語法項(xiàng)目12被動語態(tài)（PassiveVoice）重點(diǎn)用法①被動語態(tài)的10種語態(tài)用法：被動語態(tài)無完成進(jìn)行時和將來進(jìn)行時，只有下面10種時態(tài)。（1）一般現(xiàn)在時：am/is/are+過去分詞（2）一般過去時：was/were+過去分詞（3）一般將來時：shall/will+be+過去分詞（4）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時：am/is/are+being+過去分詞（5）過去進(jìn)行時：was/were+being+過去分詞（6）現(xiàn)在完成時：has/have+been+過去分詞（7）過去完成時：had+been+過去分詞（8）將來完成時：shall/will+havebeen+過去分詞（9）過去將來時：should/would+be+過去分詞（10）過去將來完成時：should/would+havebeen+過去分詞提示：將謂語動詞為完成進(jìn)行時或?qū)磉M(jìn)行時的句子變?yōu)楸粍泳鋾r，可用完成時態(tài)或一般時態(tài)。Themachinehasbeenrepairedfortwohours.這臺機(jī)器已經(jīng)修了兩個小時了。用現(xiàn)在完成時替代現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時，不能用...hasbeenbeingrepaired...Thissubjectwillbediscussedbyustomorrowmorning.明天早上這個題目將由我們討論。用一般將來時替代將來進(jìn)行時，不能用...willbebeingdiscussed...重點(diǎn)用法②被動語態(tài)的句型用法：1.肯定句：主語+be+過去分詞+（by...）Thechildiswelllovedbypeople.這個孩子很招人喜愛。2.否定句：主語+benot+過去分詞+（by...）Thebatterywasn’tchargedyesterday.電池昨天沒有被充電。3.一般疑問句：Be+主語+過去分詞+（by...）Wasthepackageposted?包裹被寄出去了嗎？4.特殊疑問句：疑問詞+be+主語+過去分詞+（by...）Whowastheflyingdiskinventedby?飛碟是由誰發(fā)明的？重點(diǎn)用法③主動語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換為被動語態(tài)的步驟用法：步驟1：把原主動句中的賓語轉(zhuǎn)換為被動句中的主語。步驟2：原主動句中的主語，如有必要，轉(zhuǎn)換成賓格形式，放在介詞by之后，如無必要，可省略。步驟3：把動詞的主動形式改為被動形式，即“be+過去分詞”。步驟4：其他成分（定語、狀語）不變，句子的時態(tài)不變。Thenaughtyboybrokethewindowyesterday.主動句定語主語謂語賓語狀語那個淘氣的男孩昨天打碎了這扇窗戶。Thewindowwasbrokenbythenaughtyboyyesterday.被動句主語謂語by+施動者狀語這扇窗戶昨天被那個淘氣的男孩打碎了。提示：把主動語態(tài)改為被動語態(tài)時，be的人稱和數(shù)要根據(jù)新主語的人稱和數(shù)變化，但時態(tài)要和主動語態(tài)一致。重點(diǎn)語法④被動語態(tài)的類型用法：1.及物動詞構(gòu)成的被動語態(tài)a.有一個賓語的句子（1）主動句：主語+謂語+賓語（2）被動句：主語+be+過去分詞+by+原主格（賓格）2.及物動詞構(gòu)成的被動語態(tài)b.有雙賓語的句子（1）主動句：主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語（2）被動句1：主語（原間接賓語）+be+過去分詞+原直接賓語+by+原主語（賓格）（3）被動句2：主語（原直接賓語）+be+過去分詞+原間接賓語+by+原主語（賓格）IhaveaskedJoethequestion.我已經(jīng)問喬這個問題了。→Joehasbeenaskedthequestion(byme).間接賓語Joe作主語喬被（我）問了這個問題。→Thequestionhasbeenasked(of)Joe(byme).直接賓語thequestion作主語這個問題我問喬了。3.及物動詞構(gòu)成的被動語態(tài)c.有賓語補(bǔ)足語的句子（1）主動句：主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語（2）被動句：主語+be+過去分詞+賓語補(bǔ)足語+by+原主語（賓語）TheywillmakeBeijingmorebeautiful.他們將會把北京建設(shè)得更美麗?！鶥eijingwillbemademorebeautiful(bythem).北京將會被（他們）建設(shè)得更美麗。4.短語動詞構(gòu)成的被動語態(tài)（1）主動句：主語+不及物動詞+介詞/副詞+賓語（2）被動句：主語+be+過去分詞+介詞/副詞+by+原主語（賓格）Shelooksafterhergrandmother.她照顧她的奶奶。→Hergrandmotherislookedafter(byher).介詞after不可去掉她的奶奶被（她）照顧。5.情態(tài)動詞構(gòu)成的被動語態(tài)（1）主動句：主語+情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形+賓語（2）被動句：主語+情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞+by+原主格（賓語）WecaneasilydownloadnewbooksfromtheInternet.我們可以很容易地從互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上下載新書?！鶱ewbookscanbeeasilydownloadedfromtheInternet(byus).新書可以很容易地（被我們）從互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上下載。6.祈使句的被動語態(tài)（當(dāng)主動句為肯定祈使句時）（1）主動句：動詞原形+賓語（2）被動句：Let+原賓語+be+過去分詞Emptytherubbishbinatonce!→Lettherubbishbinbeemptiedatonce!立刻清空垃圾箱！重點(diǎn)用法⑤被動語態(tài)的注意事項(xiàng)用法：1.不愿說出動作的執(zhí)行者或需強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者時，常用被動語態(tài)。Thetoysareintendedforchildrenagedsixandup.那些玩具是為6歲及6歲以上兒童設(shè)計的。2.當(dāng)賓語是反身代詞、相互代詞、不定式或動名詞時，不能用被動語態(tài)。Thegirlfoundherselfinthevalley.小女孩忽然發(fā)現(xiàn)自己已經(jīng)置身山谷中了。3.當(dāng)謂語是表狀態(tài)、結(jié)果的及物動詞時，不能用被動語態(tài)。Doesthepairofshoessuityou?那雙鞋子你穿著合適嗎？4.當(dāng)賓語表示數(shù)量、質(zhì)量、大小、程度時，不能用被動語態(tài)。Thejadeweighsoneton.這塊玉石重1噸。提示：在以下句型中，用主動語態(tài)來表示被動含義：（1）主語+beworth+doingsth.Thenoveliswellworthreading.這篇小說很值得一讀。（2）主語+have/get+sth./sb.+doneIhadmywatchstolen.我的手表被偷了。（3）主語+want/need/require+doingsth.Theroomneedscleaning.這間屋子需要打掃。（4）主語+be+under/in+抽象名詞Thecarisinrepair.那輛車正在修理。重點(diǎn)用法⑥被動語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別用法：1.被動語態(tài)表示動作；作表語的過去分詞表示狀態(tài)。Thestoreisclosedatfivep.m.表動作，是被動語態(tài)這個商店下午5點(diǎn)鐘關(guān)門。Thestoreisclosed.這個商店關(guān)門了。表狀態(tài)，是系表結(jié)構(gòu)2.過去分詞作表語，不能跟“by+名詞（動作發(fā)出者）”結(jié)構(gòu)，但?？梢耘c其他介詞短語連用。Iamnotsatisfiedwithherwork.系表結(jié)構(gòu)我對她的工作不滿意。Heseemedworriedaboutherhealth.系表結(jié)構(gòu)他似乎很擔(dān)心她的身體健康。

【課后作業(yè)】A.用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Teacherstoldusthattheearth__________(go)aroundthesunwhenIwasyoung.2.Ifheworkshard,he__________(earn)muchmoremoneythanothers.3.Makesureyou__________(lock)thedoorwhenyougoout.4.Seetoitthateverychild__________(have)aseparatebedinthenewhome.5.Theearlieryouprepareyourwork,thebettertheresult__________(be).6.Youshouldbecarefulwhenyou__________(cross)thestreet.7.Afriendofmine__________(leave)fortheUSAtogetafurtherstudynextweek.8.Tom__________(look)pale.What'swrongwithhim?9.Constantly,theboy__________(leave)histhingsabout.10.Itis/hasbeentenyearssincemyfather__________(begin)toworkinAmerica.11.Inthelast50years,greatchanges__________(take)placeinChina.12.ThisismyfirsttimethatI_________(visit)theGreatWall.13.I_________(look)formylostbookforthreedays,butIstillhaven'tfoundit.14.Wewenttothepictureslastnightandthen________(see)averyinterestingfilm.15.Heusedtogetupearlywhenhe________(be)young.16.Theboy__________(play)footballinthestreetwhenhisfathercameback.17.WheneverI__________(visit)her,shewasalwayswritingatthedesk.18.I__________(hope)thatIcouldpassthetest,butIfailedagain.19.I__________(leave)forBeijingearlytomorrowmorning.20.Useyourmind,andyou__________(have)awayout.21.I__________(have)aholidayinBeijingthiscomingsummerholiday.22.ThePresident__________(meet)theforeigndelegationattheairportattentomorrow.23.Thestory__________(take)placebeforeliberation.24.ThekindofTVset__________(sell)well.25.Thepenyouboughtlastweek__________(write)well.26.Theywilldotheirhomeworkthemomentthey__________(arrive)backfromschool.27.ThePresident__________(meet)theforeigndelegationattheairport.28.Useyourheadandyou__________(find)away.29.Thatwasthesecondtimethatshe__________(see)hergrandfather.30.He__________(take)awalkbythelakewhenhearingsomeoneshoutedforhelp.31.This__________(cando)inashorttime.32.She__________(maysend)toworkelsewhere.33.Thedoor__________(mustlock)bymywife.34.Theenvironment__________(shouldimprove).35.Thesecondpoint__________(neednotdiscuss)today.36.Ishouldliketo__________(tell)theresultearlier.37.Hewasseen__________(take)awaybythepolice.38.Heobjectedto__________(treat)asachild.39.Thisquestionisfarfrom__________(settle).40.Thedoorremained__________(lock).41.Guangzhou__________(situate)inthesouthofChina.42.Ilearnedthattheearth__________(go)aroundthesunwhenIwasinprimaryschool.43.Ifheacceptsthejob,he__________(get)moremoneysoon.44.Solongashe__________(work)hard,Idon'tmindwhenhefinishestheexperiment.45.Theharderyoustudy,thebetterresultsyou__________(get).46.Thelittleboy__________(alwaysmake)trouble.47.Lookoutwhenyou__________(cross)thestreet.48.They__________(live)inBeijingforfiveyears.49.ThisismyfirsttimethatI__________(visit)China.50.Hepromisedtobuymeacomputerifhe__________(get)araise.51.Theboy__________(do)hishomeworkwhenhisfathercamebackfromwork.52.Bytheendoflasttermwe__________(finish)thebook.53.Ihadhardlyfinishedmyworkwhenhe__________(come)toseeme.54.Thatwasthesecondtimethatshe__________(see)hergrandfather.55.I__________(intend)toseeyoubutIwastoobusy.56.Useyourheadandyou__________(find)away.57.ThePresident__________(meet)theforeigndelegationattheairport.58.Bytheendofnextmonth,he__________(travel)1000milesonfoot.59.Theywilldotheirhomeworkthemomentthey__________(arrive)backfromschool.60.Thecar__________(ride)smoothly.61.He__________(see)someonecreepingintothehousethroughthewindowlastnight.62.He__________(say)tobejealousofhersuccess.63.Thestory__________(sound)veryinteresting.64.Whenevertheywentduringtheirvisit,they__________(give)awarmwelcome.65.I'dratheryou__________(come)tomorrow.66.Thetrain__________(leave)atsixtomorrowmorning.67.Makesurethatthewindows__________(close)beforeyouleavetheroom.68.Greatchanges__________(take)placesincewewerehere.69.Hesaidthathe__________(learn)someEnglishbefore.70.Bythetimehewastwelve,Edison__________(begin)tomakealivingbyhimself.71.Tomwasdisappointedtheguestshadleftwhenhe__________(arrive)attheparty.72.Ihadhardlyopenedthedoorwhenhe__________(hit)me.73.Hehadnosoonerboughtthecarthanhe__________(sell)it.74.OurteachertoldusthatColumbus__________(discover)Americain1492.75.You_________(alwayschange)yourmind.76.Mybrother__________(fall)whilehewasridinghisbicycleandhurthimself.77.It__________(rain)whentheyleftthestation.78.ThetrainforShanghai__________(leave)at11a.m.andarrivesat11p.m.79.Theotherdayshe__________(run)acrossanoldfriendinthestreet.80.Inthepasttwodecades,research___________(expand)ourknowledgeaboutdreams.81.Shesaidshe___________(pay)usavisitwhenshehadenoughtime.82.Whenthegirlcamein,thetwodogs__________(fight)forabone.83.WhileIwaspreparingfortheexam,thepower__________(cut)off.84.ThefilmhadalmostfinishedwhenI__________(get)tothecinema.85.Bythetimehewasten,he__________(build)himselfachemistrylab.86.Bythetimeheisten,he__________(build)himselfachemistrylab.87.Anearthquake___________(take)placeinTangShanin1976.88.I__________(nottell)aboutthetrafficaccident.89.It'sconsideredthatteaching___________(be)asmuchanartasitisascience.90.Thiskindofrobot__________(canuse)todosomehousework.91.We__________(talk)aboutthematterforanhour.92.He__________(dress)inadarkbluesuitwhenIsawhimforthefirsttime.93.He__________(hurt)hisfootbyjumpingoverafence.94.He__________(decide)togoandstudyabroad.95.They_________(meet)outsidetheschoolgate.96.Thevoters__________(notlike)him.97.WhenIenteredtheroom,she__________(sit)atherdesk.98.Thestudentswerereadingwhiletheteacher__________(grade)theirhomework.99.Thisisthemostinterestingnovelhe__________(everwrite).100.Whenwegottothecinema,thefilm___________(alreadybegin).B.在短文中填入動詞的適當(dāng)形式PassageATherewasonceaforesterwhowentintotheforesttohunt,andashe(1)________(enter)itheheardasoundofscreamingasifalittlechild(2)________(be)there.Hefollowedthesound,andatlastcametoahightree,andatthetopofthisalittlechildwassitting,forthemother(3)________(fall)asleepunderthetreewiththechild,andabirdofpreyhadseenitinherarms,(4)________(flow)down,snatcheditaway,andsetitonthehightree.Theforesterclimbedup,broughtthechilddown,and(5)________(think)tohimself,"takehimhome,andbringhimupwithLina."Hetookithome,therefore,andthetwochildren(6)________(grow)uptogether.Theone,however,whichhehadfoundonatreewascalledFundevogel,becauseabird(7)________(carry)itaway.FundevogelandLina(8)________love)eachothersodearlythatwhenthey(9)_________(notsee)eachothertheyweresad.Theforester,however,(10)_________(have)anoldcook,whooneeveningtooktwopailsand(11)_________(begin)tofetchwater,and(12)_________(notgo)onceonly,butmanytimes,outtothespring.Lina(13)_________(see)thisandsaid,"Harkyou,oldSanna,whyareyoufetchingsomuchwater?"SoLinasaid,no,shewouldneverrepeatittoanyone,andthenthecook(14)_________(say),"Earlyto-morrowmorning,whentheforesterisouthunting,I(15)________(heat)thewater,andwhenitisboilinginthekettle,I(16)________(throw)inFundevogel,andwillboilhiminit.”PassageBCouldsmellsaffectyourlifespan?Femalefruitfliesridoftheabilitytosmellfoodoutlivetheirpeers.Thesenseofsmell(17)________(maylink)tothecellularageingprocessinmanyotherorganisms-evenpeople.Alink(18)________(find)betweensensoryexperiencesandlifespaninbothwormsandflies.Forexample,ScottPletcher,abiologistattheUniversityofMichigan,(19)_______(find)thateliminatingfruitflies’abilitytosmell(20)________(enable)themtolivenearly20percentlongerthanflieswithanintactsenseofsmell.Pletcher'steamreasonedthatfoodsmells(21)________(be)theonesmostlikelytoaffectageing,asnutritionandlongevity(22)________(know)tobelinkedinmanyorganisms.Totesttheideathatfoododorsaffectlifespan,Pletcher'steameliminatedflies’abilitytosmellcarbondioxide,which(23)_______(produce)bysomeflyfoods.They(24)_________(leave)therestofthesmellingsystemintact.Thisintervention(25)________(have)noeffectonmaleflies,butthefemales(26)________(live)30percentlongerthannormal.Pletcher(27)________(think)eliminatingtheabilitytosmellCO2(28)__________(maydeprive)fliesofinformationaboutfoodavailability.Thiscouldsignaltocellsthatfood(29)_________(be)scarce,causingprocessesthatpromotesurvival.Indeed,histeamfoundthattheCO2-insensitivefemalefliesstoredextrafatandthatbothmalesandfemalesimmunetoCO(30)________(be)moreresistanttostressthannormalflies.Pletcherisn'tsurewhythechangeinhisfruitfliesonly(31)_________(affect)thelifespanofthefemales,buthe(32)________(suggest)thatfemalesmaysimplybemoresensitivetotheodorofCO2.PassageCStephenHawkinghassaidhebelievesbrains(33)__________(canexist)independentlyofthebody,butthattheideaofaconventionalafterlifeisafairytale.Speakingatthepremiere(首映)ofadocumentaryfilmabouthislife,thetheoreticalphysicist(34)___________(say):Ithinkthebrainislikeaprogrammeinthemind,whichislikeacomputer,soit'stheoreticallypossibletocopythebrainontoacomputerandso(35)__________(provide)aformoflifeafterdeath.The71-year-oldauthorofABriefHistoryofTime,whoearlierthisweek(36)__________(back)therightfortheterminallyilltoendtheirlivesaslongassafeguardswereinplace,(37)__________(diagnose)withmotorneuronediseaseattheageof21andgiventwotothreeyearstolive.AllmylifeI(38)__________(live)withthethreatofanearlydeath,soIhatewastingtime.Thedocumentary(39)__________(explore)theheadlong(輕率的)rushofabrilliantschoolboywithillegiblehandwritingwho(40)__________(enjoy)thelifeofOxfordUniversitybeforeillnesssparkedalifelongfrenzyofdiscoveryabouttheoriginsoftheuniverse,which(41)__________(begin)asagraduateatCambridgeUniversityand(42)__________(astound)theworld.HissisterMary(43)__________(say)inthefilmthatherbrotherwashighlycompetitiveandcuriousabouteverythinginahouseholdwhichfriends(44)__________(describe)asveryacademic,andexplainshowshe(45)__________(receive)adoll'shouseasapresentwhenthey(46)__________(be)children,towhichStephenimmediatelyaddedplumbingandelectricity.ShetoldReutersthatlifewithherbrother(47)__________(engage),excitingandoccasionallyfrustrating"It'sawasteoftimearguingwithStephen,healways(48)__________(manage)toturntheargumentround,"shesaid.C.中譯英1.他上大學(xué)的時候,寫了許多劇本。2.她在回來之前就生病一個星期了。3.小時候,每天夏天我們都要去游泳。4.從那天起,只要碗盤撤掉、飯桌清理干凈,媽媽就馬上躲進(jìn)房間做針線活。5.我過去住在北京。6.過去他一有空就去公園。7.你什么時候去紐約?8.她下個月結(jié)婚。9.我感到很激動,因?yàn)槲液芸炀鸵状坞x開家了。10.我們本來想告訴你的,但是你不在家。11.這種藥一天要服三次。12.如果我們想在十點(diǎn)前到,我們現(xiàn)在就得走。13.這條消息可以在晚報上見到。14.在哪里也見不到他。15.我本希望在上海多看看。16.我本想去幫你的,但當(dāng)時確實(shí)太忙了。17.我原以來你明天才來呢。18.我剛到家,大雨就傾盆而下。19.那位老人常受人嘲笑。20.時間一定要充分利用。21.壞習(xí)慣已經(jīng)改掉了。22.計劃必須盡早執(zhí)行。23.他從車上摔下來,摔死了。24.這門鎖不上。25.食物在冰箱里能保鮮。26.書是供人閱讀而不是讓人撕毀的。27.新技術(shù)的目的是使生活更便利,而不是更繁瑣。28.她的愿望是當(dāng)一名歌手。29.我們的計劃就是在兩星期內(nèi)完成這項(xiàng)工作。30.迪斯尼最大的愿望就是成為一個著名的藝術(shù)家。31.他總是學(xué)習(xí)很用功。32.他們老是為某件事爭吵。33.我在想我能不能晚來一會兒。34.她問我他是否第二天就走?35.他總是試驗(yàn)一些新的設(shè)想。36.他們自從2002年以來就住在北京。這個星期他每天早晨都遲到。38.我完成工作之前他會回來的。39.假如他昨天看到你,他就會問你這件事了。40.這是我們第一次在一起說話。41.我本來昨天打算要去看你,但來了個不速之客。12.他們剛剛離開大樓,一顆炸彈就爆炸了。我認(rèn)為他們會來幫我的。44.他說他要在車站等我們。45.過去他常常坐幾個鐘頭什么事也不做。46.他打算昨晚來,但下雨了。47.會議打算第二天開。48.我們今年已數(shù)次討論那件事。49.現(xiàn)在房子打掃好了,我們可以往里搬東西了。50.明天此時我們正在飛越大西洋的上空。答案：A1.goes2.willearn3.Lock4.has5.willbe6.arecrossing7.isleaving8.looks9.isleaving10.began11.havetaken12.havevisited13.havebeenlooking14.saw15.was16.wasplaying17.visited18.hadhoped19.amleaving20.willhave21.amgoingtohave22.willbemeeting23.took24.sells25.writes26.havearrived27.willbemeeting28.willfind29.hadseen30.wastaking31.can’tbedone32.mayhavebeensent33.musthavebeenlocket34.shouldbeimproved35.needn’tbediscussed36.havebeentold37.beingtaken38.beingtreated39.beingsettled40.locked41.issituated42.goes43.willget44.works45.willget46.isalwaysmaking47.arecrossing48.havelived49.havevisited50.got51.wasdoing52.hadfinished53.came54.hadseen55.hadintended56.willfind57.willbemeeting58.willhavetraveled59.havearrived60.rides61.saw62.wassaid63.sounds64.weregiven65.came66.leaves67.areclosed68.havetaken69.hadlearned70.hadbegun71.arrived72.hit73.sold74.discovered75.arealwayschanging76.fell77.wasraining78.leaves79.ran80.hasexpanded81.wouldpay82.werefighting83.wascut84.got85.hadbuilt86.willhavebuilt87.took88.haven’tbeentold89.is90.canbeused91.havebeentalking92.wasdressed93.hurt94.hasdecided95.willmeet96.aren’tgoingtolike97.wassitting98.wasgrading99.haseverwritten100.hadalreadybegunB1.entered2.were3.hadfallen4.hadflown5.thought6.grew7.hadcarried8.loved9.didnotsee10.had11.began12.didnotgo13.Saw14.said15.willheat16.willthrow17.maybelinked18.hasbeenfound19.Found20.enabled30.were31.affected32.suggested33.couldexist34.said35.provide36.backed37.wasdiagnosed38.havelived39.explores40.enjoyed41.began42.hasastounded43.says44.described45.received46.were47.wasengaging48.managesC1.Hewrotemanyplayswhenhewasatcollege.2.Shehadbeenillforaweekbeforeshecameback.3.Whenwewereboysweusedtowouldgoswimmingeverysummer.4.Andfromthatdayon,assoonasthetablewasclearedandthedishesweregone,Motherwoulddisappearintohesewingroom.5.IusedtoliveinBeijing.6.Hewouldgototheparkassoonashewasfree.7.WhenareyoutoleavefortwodaystoNewYork?8.Sheistogetmarriednextmonth.9.IfeltexcitedbecauseIwas