第11講+動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的種類和用法+學(xué)案 高考英語語法30講+

PAGE第11份高中語法講義動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的種類和用法年月日 語法項(xiàng)目11動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的種類和用法（Tenses）重點(diǎn)用法1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用法：1.be（am，is，are）動(dòng)詞的使用由主語的人稱和數(shù)決定。行為動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)加-s/es，其余人稱用動(dòng)詞原形。Iamfreetonight.我今晚有空。Theboyistenyearsold.這個(gè)男孩10歲了。Theyarestudents.他們是學(xué)生。Billoftenhelpsothers.Welikehimalot.比爾總是幫助他人。我們很喜歡他。2.表示經(jīng)常、習(xí)慣性發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。Itoftenrainsinourcity.我們的城市經(jīng)常下雨。3.表示普遍真理和客觀真實(shí)。Theearthmovesroundthesun.地球圍繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)。4.表示心理狀態(tài)或情感的動(dòng)詞往往用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Shehatesrockmusic.她討厭搖滾樂。5.在時(shí)間、條件狀語從句中表示將來的動(dòng)作。IwillcallonyouassoonasIamfree.我空閑時(shí)會(huì)去拜訪你。提示：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可以用來代替一般將來時(shí)，表示已經(jīng)預(yù)先計(jì)劃或安排的肯定將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，句中常有表示將來時(shí)間的狀語。這一用法主要用于下列動(dòng)詞，如果arrive（到達(dá)），be（是），begin（開始），come（來到），go（去），leave（離開），reach（到達(dá)），start（出發(fā)）等。Thetrainleavesateighto’clock.火車8點(diǎn)鐘開車。注意：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)常用的時(shí)間狀語有：today今天often經(jīng)常always一直sometimes有時(shí)usually通常seldom很少onSunday在星期天everyday/week/morning每天/每周/每天早上重點(diǎn)用法2一般過去時(shí)用法：1.be（was/were）動(dòng)詞的使用由主語的人稱和數(shù)決定。行為動(dòng)詞都要用過去式。IwasinBeijinglastyear.我去年在北京。TheyvisitedtheGreatWallyesterday.他們昨天去長(zhǎng)城了。2.表示過去某事件發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。Mybrotherjoinedthearmyin2000.我哥哥是2000年參的軍。Thevasewasbrokenjustnow.這只花瓶剛被打碎了。3.句中雖沒有明確地表示過去時(shí)間的狀語，但實(shí)際上確實(shí)指過去時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)時(shí)，也要用一般過去時(shí)。Ithoughtyourdogwasdead.我以為你的狗死了。4.表示過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Youoftenwentclimbingwhenyouwerealittleboy.當(dāng)你還是個(gè)小男孩時(shí)，常去爬山。5.表示過去連續(xù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Shetookoffhercoatandsatinthesofa.她脫了外套，坐在沙發(fā)上。提示：如果要強(qiáng)調(diào)已經(jīng)終止的習(xí)慣，要用usedtodo。Heusedtosmokeanddrink.他過去經(jīng)常抽煙喝酒。Iusedtotakeawalkaftersupper.我過去總是在飯后散步。注意：一般過去時(shí)常用的時(shí)間狀語有：amomentago剛剛anhourago一小時(shí)以前l(fā)astweek/month/year上周/上月/去年theotherday前幾天thismorning今天早上twodaysago兩天前yesterday昨天justnow剛才重點(diǎn)用法3現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)用法：1.由“am/is/are+現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。themanagersarehavingameetinginRoom301.經(jīng)理們正在301室開會(huì)。2.表示說話時(shí)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Heiswritinganovel.他在寫一部小說。3.表示最近按計(jì)劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。WeareleavingforTaiwantomorrow.我們正計(jì)劃明天去臺(tái)灣。4.與always，forever等副詞連用，用于表達(dá)說話人的厭煩、不滿等強(qiáng)烈的感情。Sheisalwaysaskingthequestion.她總是問這個(gè)問題。Mybrotherisalwaysmakingthesamemistake.我弟弟總是犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤。提示：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示暫時(shí)性的動(dòng)作，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作。Whereisheliving?他（這幾天/暫時(shí)/目前）住在哪兒？Wheredoeshelive?他住在哪兒？注意：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)常用的時(shí)間狀語有：now現(xiàn)在atpresent目前thisweek這周thesedays這幾天重點(diǎn)用法4過去進(jìn)行時(shí)用法：1.由“was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。ShewaswatchingTVatsevenlastnight.昨晚7點(diǎn)時(shí)她正在看電視。2.表示過去某時(shí)刻或某階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Whatwashedoingattenlastnight?昨晚10點(diǎn)他在干什么？3.用于時(shí)間狀語從句中。MyotherwascookingwhileIwasdoingmyhomework.我做作業(yè)時(shí)媽媽正在做飯。4.表示過去將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Hesaidhewasattendingthemeetingthenextday.他說他第二天要參加那個(gè)會(huì)議。提示：表示感覺、感官的動(dòng)詞（see，look，hear，notice等），表示態(tài)度和感情、心理的動(dòng)詞（like等）及表示存在、繼續(xù)的動(dòng)詞（be等），以及have，belong表示“占有”時(shí)，不用進(jìn)行時(shí)。如“他今天看起來不錯(cuò)”應(yīng)譯成Helooksfinetoday.而不能譯成Heislookingfinetoday.又如“我們有臺(tái)新電腦”應(yīng)譯成Wehaveanewcomputer.而不能譯成Wearehavinganewcomputer.注意：過去進(jìn)行時(shí)常用的時(shí)間狀語有：atthattime在那時(shí)lastnight昨晚then那時(shí)，當(dāng)時(shí)yesterday昨天重點(diǎn)用法5將來進(jìn)行時(shí)用法：1.由“shall/willbe+現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成，第一人稱用shall/will，其他人稱都用will。Don’tcallmetonight,Ishall/willbedoingmyhomeworkatthattime.今晚別給我打電話，那時(shí)我在寫作業(yè)。He’llbeleavingintwodays.他后兩天動(dòng)身。2.表示在將來某一時(shí)刻或某一時(shí)間段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常常帶有時(shí)間狀語短語或時(shí)間狀語從句。Whatwillhebedoingthistimenextyear?明年的此時(shí)他會(huì)在干什么？Whenyougettothestationatninetomorrow,Iwillbewaitingforyouthere.明天你9點(diǎn)到車站時(shí)，我將在那兒等你。3.表示按計(jì)劃將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。TheywillbehavingtheirholidaysinJune.他們將于6月份放假。提示：將來進(jìn)行時(shí)在口語中使用比較普遍，它不帶感情色彩，單純表示一個(gè)將來的動(dòng)作。重點(diǎn)用法6一般將來時(shí)用法：1.由“am/is/aregoingto+動(dòng)詞原形”或“will/shall+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成。He’sgoingtoseeafilmwithhisgirlfriend.他要和他的女朋友去看電影。We’llhaveanexaminationtomorrow.我們明天有一個(gè)考試。2.表示將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。Therewillbeameetingtomorrow.明天有一個(gè)會(huì)議。3.在主從復(fù)合句的主句中表示將來的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。IwillwaitforyouwhenIarrivethere.我到那兒后會(huì)等著你。提示：“begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形”表示將要發(fā)生的事或打算、計(jì)劃、決定要做的事情?！皐ill/shall+動(dòng)詞原形”表示未經(jīng)考慮的意圖。注意：“beto+動(dòng)詞原形”表示按安排、計(jì)劃而且是在近期發(fā)生或必須要做的事情?！癰eaboutto+動(dòng)詞原形”表示馬上、很快就要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，都可以用來表示一般將來時(shí)。ThechildrenaretolearnEnglishnextweek.孩子們下周要去學(xué)英語。ThemanagerisabouttoarriveinBeijing.經(jīng)理馬上就要到達(dá)北京了。重點(diǎn)用法7過去將來時(shí)用法：1.由“was/weregoingto+動(dòng)詞原形”或“would/should+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成。Hetoldmethathewasgoingtoseehisbrother.他告訴我他將要去看他的哥哥。Iknewhewouldcome.我知道他要來。2.表示從過去某一時(shí)間來看，將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常用在賓語從句中。Shewonderedwherehewouldgo.她很想知道他會(huì)去哪兒。3.表示過去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。WheneverIhadtime,Iwouldreadbooks.過去一有時(shí)間，我就會(huì)讀書。重點(diǎn)用法8現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法：1.由“has/have+過去分詞”構(gòu)成，第三人稱單數(shù)用has，其他人稱都用have。JackhastaughtEnglishinourschoolforthreeyears.杰克在我們學(xué)校教英語已經(jīng)3年了。IhavehadaDVDforaweek.我買DVD已經(jīng)一周了。2.表示“繼續(xù)”，說明從過去某時(shí)開始的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。Theweatherhasbeencoldsofarthiswinter.今年冬天直到現(xiàn)在都很冷。3.表示“經(jīng)驗(yàn)”，說明過去開始的動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在剛結(jié)束。表示“結(jié)果”時(shí)，說明過去動(dòng)作的結(jié)果對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響。Someonehasbrokenthewindowsofmyhouse.有人把我房子的窗戶打破了。提示：有些只能表示短暫動(dòng)作或位置移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞不能表示延續(xù)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，因此它們不能和由since，for引導(dǎo)的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。這些動(dòng)詞有arrive（到達(dá)），buy（購(gòu)買），come（來），die（死亡），getup（起床），go（去），join（參加），leave（離開），open（打開）等。注意：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常用的時(shí)間狀語有：just剛剛already已經(jīng)ever曾經(jīng)foralongtime很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間never從未forthreemonths3個(gè)月之久now現(xiàn)在recently/lately近來since自從since1991從1991年以來sincethen其后sofar迄今為止thisweek這周till/uptonow直到現(xiàn)在today今天yet仍然，已經(jīng)duringthelasttwoweeks在最近兩個(gè)星期inthepastfewdays在最近幾天重點(diǎn)用法9過去完成時(shí)用法：1.由“had+過去分詞”構(gòu)成。Thefilmhadalreadybegunwhenwearrived.我們到的時(shí)候，電影已經(jīng)開演了。2.表示在過去的過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。Bytheendoflastmonth,Jackhadlearnedskatingforfivemonths.到上個(gè)月末，杰克已經(jīng)學(xué)滑冰5個(gè)月了。3.與when，before，till等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句連用，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)間的前后。Shehadalreadycleanedthehousebeforeherparentscameback.她父母回來之前，她已經(jīng)打掃了房間。4.用于間接引語或賓語從句中。Hesaidhehadreadthebooktwice.他說這本書他已經(jīng)讀了兩遍了。提示：過去完成時(shí)還可表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、打算或意圖。主要用于下列動(dòng)詞：expect，suppose，hope，intend，mean，think等。Wehadhopedtocatchthe8:30train,butfounditwasgone.我們本來希望趕8：30的火車，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)它已經(jīng)開走了。注意：過去完成時(shí)常用的時(shí)間狀語有：just剛剛already已經(jīng)ever曾經(jīng)yet仍然bythen截止到那時(shí)bynineo’clock直到9點(diǎn)uptillthen直到那時(shí)uptilllastnight直到昨晚bytheendof...到……末bythetime...在……時(shí)之前重點(diǎn)用法10將來完成時(shí)用法：1.由“shall/willhave+過去分詞”構(gòu)成，第一人稱用shall/will，其他人稱都用will。Ishall/willhavereadthisbookbyFriday.到星期五，我就看完這本書了。2.表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)延續(xù)到將來某一段時(shí)間，常用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。多與by，for，before等時(shí)間狀語連用。Weshallhavewalkedalongwaybeforewereachthere.到達(dá)那兒前，我們將要走很長(zhǎng)一段路。3.表示動(dòng)作在將來某一段時(shí)間以前已結(jié)束，但其影響卻持續(xù)到那一時(shí)間，常用終止性動(dòng)詞。YouwillhavereachedShanghaibythistimetomorrow.明天這個(gè)時(shí)候你就到上海了。提示：在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)代替將來完成時(shí)。IwillgivemyopinionwhenIhavereadthebookthrough.我把書看完了再提意見。重點(diǎn)用法11現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)用法：1.由“has/havebeen+現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成，第三人稱單數(shù)用has，其他人稱都用have。Hehasbeensayingthattentimes.這話他已經(jīng)說了10遍了。2.表示發(fā)生在過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作，常與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用。這個(gè)動(dòng)作可能剛停止，可能仍繼續(xù)下去。TheChinesehavebeenmakingpaperfortwothousandyears.中國(guó)已有兩千年的造紙歷史。3.表示在現(xiàn)在以前的這個(gè)階段重復(fù)發(fā)生的事情。Hehasbeencallingmeonseveraltimesthisweek.他這個(gè)星期來看我好幾次了。4.強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)或表達(dá)某些感情色彩。Wehavebeenexpectingtoseeyouforalongtime.長(zhǎng)久以來，我們一直想見你。提示：某些不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞同樣也不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，只能用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，如see，hear，know，have，like，be等感官動(dòng)詞、表示狀態(tài)或喜好的動(dòng)詞和某些表示思維活動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞。重點(diǎn)用法12過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)用法：由“hadbeen+現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。表示動(dòng)作從過去某一事件之前開始，到過去某一時(shí)間仍在進(jìn)行或剛剛結(jié)束。同過去完成時(shí)一樣，過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)必須以過去某一特定時(shí)間為基準(zhǔn)。ShehadbeenlivingherebeforeshewenttoShanghai.她去上海之前一直住在這里。

【課后作業(yè)】動(dòng)詞適當(dāng)形式填空1Thehousecouldfalldownsoonifnoone_______(do)somequickrepairwork.答案：does解析：該題根據(jù)交際情景考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。關(guān)鍵是對(duì)couldfalldownsoon的理解，此處表示將來的可能性，因此從句中選擇一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表示將來的事實(shí)。句意：如果沒人修理，這幢房子可能不久就倒塌了。Thaiistheonlywaywecanimagine(reduce)theoveruseofwaterinstudents'bathrooms.答案：toreduce解析：此題考查非謂語動(dòng)詞之不定式用法，有thewaytodosth.表示做……的途徑、方式。theonlywaytodo……,wecanimagine為定語從句，用來修飾way，省略了that.Whydon’tyouputthemeatinthefridge?Itwill(stay)freshforseveraldays.答案：stay解析：該題在特定語言環(huán)境中考查動(dòng)詞語態(tài)的用法。stay在此處是系動(dòng)詞，表示某種持續(xù)狀態(tài)，在使用時(shí)不能用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、過去時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)態(tài)。Davidthreatened(report)hisneighbourtothepoliceifthedamageswerenotpaid.答案：toreport解析：threaten“揚(yáng)言要，威脅，恐嚇”，后面要跟不定式做賓語。report和它的邏輯主語David之間為主謂關(guān)系，故要用不定式的主動(dòng)形式。Thefirstuseofatomicweaponswasin1945andtheirpower______(be)increasedenormouslyeversince.答案：hasbeen解析：Eversince是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)態(tài)標(biāo)志，因此不難得出hasbeen。WhenIgottothecinema,thefilm______(open)forfineminutes.答案：hadbeenon解析:when+一般過去時(shí)，主句用過去完成時(shí)。注意完成時(shí)里有段時(shí)間，必須用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。7.Whatgreatfunitis______(have)atripwithmyparents.答案：tohave解析:非謂語動(dòng)詞todo做fun的后置定語。陳述句應(yīng)該是Itisgreatfuntohaveatripwithmyparents.。8.Notonlymyfatherbutalsomyuncles(be)goodatsportswhentheywereyoung.答案：were解析:notonly…butalso…用就近原則，注意從句時(shí)態(tài)是一般過去時(shí)，用were。9.Moretrees______onbothsidesoftheroadinourcitythiscomingwinterholidays.答案：willbeplanted解析:comingwinterholidays現(xiàn)在分詞表示將來，注意用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。10.IheardtheweatherreportontheradiowhileI__________towork.答案：wasdriving解析:while表示當(dāng)一個(gè)過去的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)候，另一個(gè)過去的動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生，用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。動(dòng)詞適當(dāng)形式填空21.Withthehelpofhightechnology,moreandmorenewsubstances______(discover)inthepastyears.2.Sendmyregardstoyourlovelywifewhenyou________(write)home.3.Whenheturnedprofessionalattheageof11,Mike__________(expect)tobecomeaworldchampionbyhiscoachandparents.4.Morethanadozenstudentsinthatschool_____(send)abroadtostudymedicinelastyear.5.ProfessorSmith,alongwithhisassistants,______(work)ontheprojectdayandnighttomeetthedeadline.6.Thefirstuseofatomicweaponswasin1945andtheirpower_______(be)increasedenormouslyeversince.7.Thenumberofdeathsfromheartdiseasewillbereducedgreatlyifpeople_______(persuade)toeatmorefruitandvegetables.8.Thealarmbecomesactivewhentheswitch_______(turnon).9.Womenprefertothinkandthenspeak,whilemenliketospeakasthey___________(think).10.Uptonow,theHopeProject__________(save)thousandsofchildrenwhowouldotherwisehavedied.Keys:havebeendiscoveredwritewasexpectedweresentisworkinghasbeenarepersuadedisturnedonarethinkinghassaved動(dòng)詞適當(dāng)形式填空31.Bytheendofnextyear,anothernewgym_________inShanghai.(build)2.Theunemploymentrateinthisdistrict______from6%to5%inthepasttwoyears.(fall)3.Don’tdisturbyourbrother.He_______onanewcomputerprogram.(work)4.Edisonspentasmuchtimeashecould_______frombooks.(learn)5.Theenemyhadnowayoutbut__________.(surrender)6.ThestudentsforthesportsmeetingwhenIpassedbytheirclassroom.(prepare)7.Theysucceededintheproblemaftertheyhadtriedmanytimes.(solve)8.Thetelephoneisoutoforderandrequires_________.(repair)9.Infact,Iwouldrathergoshoppingthan______athome.(stay)10.Keepworkinghardandyourdreamwill_________.(realize)Keys:willbebuilthasfallenisworkinglearningtosurrenderwerepreparingsolvingrepairingstayberealized動(dòng)詞適當(dāng)形式填空41.Hundredsofjobs______ifthefactorycloses.(lose)2.I’vewonaholidayfortwodaystoFlorida.I______mymum.(take)3.Anewcinema______here.Theyhopetofinishitnextmonth.(build)4.Selectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecausetechnology____sorapidly.(change)5.I_____Ping–pongquitewell,butIhaven’thadtimetoplaysincethenewyear.(play)6.Visitors______nottotouchtheexhibits.(request)7.IwonderwhyJenny______usrecently.Weshouldhaveheardfromherbynow.(write)8.Thenewscameasnosurprisetome.I_____forsometimethatthefactorywasgoingtoshutdown.(know)9.He______asamechanicfor10yearsbutnowheturnsbusinessmaninvestinginthestockmarket.(work)10.Noconclusion______aboutwhethertoteardowntheoldbuildingsforathemeparkuntilseveraldiscussionshavebeenmade.(reach)Keys:willbelostamtakingisbeingbuiltischangingplayarerequestedhasn’twrittenhadknownworkedwillbereached動(dòng)詞適當(dāng)形式填空51.Thaiistheonlywaywecanimaginetheoveruseofwaterinstudents'bathrooms.(reduce)2.Davidthreatenedhisneighbourtothepoliceifthedamageswerenotpaid.(report)3.Mymindwasn'tonwhathewassayingsoI'mafraidI______halfofit.(miss)4.ThereportersaidthattheUFO________easttowestwhenhesawit.(travel)5.BythetimeIgraduatedlastyear,I______Englishforabout10years.(learn)6.Thewaytheguests___inthehotelinfluencedtheirevaluationoftheservice.(treat)7.WhenItalkedwithmygrandmaonthephone,shesoundedweak,butbythetimewe___up,hervoicehadbeenfulloflife.(hang)8..It’snouse______withouttakingaction.(complain)9.Ihadgreatdifficultythesuitablefoodonthemenuinthatrestaurant.(find)10.Daniel'sfamilytheirholidayinHuangshanthistimenextweek.(enjoy)Keys:reducingtoreportmissedwastravelinghadlearntWeretreatedhungcomplainingfindingwillbeenjoying動(dòng)詞適當(dāng)形式填空61.Hesentmeane-mail,___________(hope)tomakefriendswithme.2.Theyarenotthepeople__________(trust).3.Motherhappened__________(cook)whenIcameback.4.He__________(take)abathwhenthetelephonerang.5.Hetoldmethatitwas10yearssincehe__________(enjoy)agooddrink.6.Thelightintheofficeisstillon.Oh,Iforget__________(turn)itoff.7.Thenewcollegegraduateinsistedon__________(send)wherehewasmostneeded.8.Everyminuteismadefulluseof__________(work)atourlessons.9.Sofarnothing__________(hearfrom)Tom.Iwanttoknowthereasonwhyhe__________(notwrite)tome.10.IthoughtJimwouldsaysomethingabouthisschoolreport,buthe_________(notmention)it.Keys:hopingtobetrustedtobecookingwastakinghadenjoyedtoturnbeingsenttoworkhasbeenheard;hasn’twrittendidn'tmention動(dòng)詞適當(dāng)形式填空7Theplay(produce)nextmonthaimsmainlytoreflectthelocalculture.答案：tobeproduced解析：此題空缺部分缺少后置定語，且表示將來的動(dòng)作，邏輯主語和非謂語動(dòng)詞之間有被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因而使用不定式的被動(dòng)形式。Edward,youplaysowell.ButI________(notknow)youplayedthepiano.答案：didn’tknow解析：此題根據(jù)句意前句說Edward，你（鋼琴）彈得這么好，可見現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)知道“你彈鋼琴”，不知道是在過去，而不是現(xiàn)在，因此句子用一般過去時(shí)。(bite)twice,thepostmanrefusedtodeliverourlettersunlesswechangedourdog.答案：Bitten解析：該題根據(jù)句意可以看出，應(yīng)使用過去分詞作原因狀語，其用法相當(dāng)于becausehehadbeenbittentwice。當(dāng)主句主語和從句主語一致時(shí)是可以省略從句主謂的。Thetwins,Who

(finish)theirhomework,wereallowedtoplaybadmintonontheplayground.答案：hadfinished解析：根據(jù)句意可知他們完成作業(yè)是在被允許到操場(chǎng)上打羽毛球之前。而他們被允許打羽毛球已經(jīng)使用了一般過去時(shí)，所以完成作業(yè)應(yīng)該使用過去完成時(shí)。Unlessextramoney

(find),thetheatrewillclose.答案：isfound解析：根據(jù)句意：除非找到另外的投資，否則這個(gè)電影院就監(jiān)視被關(guān)閉。本句中Unless引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)條件狀語從句，使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)，后面的主句使用將來時(shí)。根據(jù)句義可知money和find構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以也要使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。6.Heissaid

（write）anovelthesedays.答案：tobewriting解析：首先考察固定搭配，besaidtodo.且根據(jù)thesedays,判斷句子的意思表示最近一段時(shí)間持續(xù)的動(dòng)作，所以不定式部分用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。7.Thehouseneeds

(repair).答案：repairing/toberepaired解析：need加了s表示三單一，所以這里的need是實(shí)意動(dòng)詞。固定搭配，某事需要被做，用needdoing（主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)），或者needtobedone.8.

(play)thepianowell,oneneedsmuchpractice.答案:Toplay解析：不定式表示目的，意為“為了彈好鋼琴”。表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，可以把表示目的的不定式放在句首。9.It’sbettertogivethan

(receive).答案:toreceive解析：than前后比較的成分和形式應(yīng)相同，表示“付出比得到要好”。10.

（open）thewindow,you’llseethegardenbelow.答案:Opening解析：現(xiàn)在分詞放句首表示條件，相當(dāng)于條件狀語從句“Ifyouopenthewindow…”。由于前后部分主語相同，所以可以省略從句的主語，用現(xiàn)在分詞的主動(dòng)語態(tài)。動(dòng)詞適當(dāng)形式填空8Wehavereadmanynovels______(write)bythisauthor.答案：written解析：本題考查的過去分詞做后置定語修飾novels，相當(dāng)于thatarewrittenbythisauthor定語從句。Accordingtoahousingresearchorganization,thehouseprice______(rise)inChinatoitshighpointbytheendoflastyear.答案：hadrisen解析：定位本句的關(guān)鍵詞bytheendoflastyear，所以確定為過去完成時(shí)，并且還要注意rise的過去分詞不規(guī)則變化。Forbreakfastheonlydrinksjuicefromfreshfruit______(grow)onhisownfarm.答案：grown解析：空缺部分缺少后置定語，邏輯主語freshfruit和非謂語動(dòng)作grow之間有被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因而使用過去分詞。Michealpromisedhe_____(reply)mye-mailassoonaswentbackhome.答案：wouldreply解析：本句是考查賓語從句時(shí)態(tài)問題，主句為過去時(shí)，從句應(yīng)為相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)，因此一般將來時(shí)應(yīng)變成過去將來時(shí)wouldreply。_______(support)hisfamily,hehadtoworkhardinachemicalworks.答案：Tosupport解析：本題考查不定式表目的，為了支撐他的家庭，他不得不在化工廠辛勤工作。Ourphysicsteachertoldusthatwater_______(turn)intosteamwhenheated100°C.答案：turns解析：考察賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)問題。注意賓語從句內(nèi)容是客觀真理：“水被加熱到100°的時(shí)候會(huì)變成蒸汽”，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。易根據(jù)主句時(shí)態(tài)判斷，錯(cuò)填一般過去時(shí)。Therestaurantmadesomechangesafterit_______(receive)complaintsaboutservice.答案：hadreceived解析：考察時(shí)態(tài)的先后順序問題。在收到了關(guān)于服務(wù)的抱怨之后，餐廳做出了一些改變。改變用一般過去時(shí)，時(shí)間狀語從句用after引導(dǎo)，所以空處填過去完成時(shí)。Don’tkeepsilentwhenyou_______(ask)questions.答案：areasked解析：被動(dòng)語態(tài)，當(dāng)你被提問的時(shí)候，不要保持沉默。ThisisthebestwayIcanthinkof_______(solve)theproblem.答案：tosolve解析：本題易錯(cuò)填solving，of介詞后加動(dòng)名詞形式。注意“Icanthinkof”是thebestway的定語從句，可以去掉，句子的主干是Thisisthebestway_______(solve)theproblem，thewaytodo。10.Tony_______(do)aprojectonhowtosavetheEarthwhenhisparentswenttotheconcertlastnight.答案：wasdoing解析：when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，表示當(dāng)一個(gè)過去的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)候，另一個(gè)過去的動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生，用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。動(dòng)詞適當(dāng)形式填空91.Iwasabouttoleavethehousewhenitbegan(rain).答案：raining解析：根據(jù)句意，我正要離開的時(shí)候天開始下雨了，此處考察固定句型itisabouttodo…when…,此處指天開始下雨，開始做某事begindoingsth.2.Thisnaughtychilddeservedforwhathehaddone(punish)atschool.答案：beingpunished解析：此題根據(jù)“這個(gè)小男孩在學(xué)校的所作所為值得受此懲罰”。此處考察現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)deservedoingsth表示值得做某事，小男孩被懲罰，所以此處為beingpunished.3.Thesong(call)Myheartwillgoonislikedbytheyoungpeople.答案：called解析：該題根據(jù)句意可以看出，應(yīng)使用過去分詞作后置定語，此處thesong和myheartwillgoon之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以使用過去分詞做后置定語。4.Theteachergavemeapieceofpaper(write).答案：towriteon解析：根據(jù)句意“老師給了我一張紙寫字，應(yīng)當(dāng)是我寫些東西在這張紙上”。所以應(yīng)當(dāng)為towriteon,此處不定式做后置定語。5.Alotofnewtechnology(introduce)intoschoolstomakelearningmoreeffectivetheseyears.答案：isbeingintroduced解析：根據(jù)句意這些年來，為了讓學(xué)習(xí)更有效率，很多學(xué)校引進(jìn)了很多新技術(shù)。由theseyears可知這些年來學(xué)校一直在引進(jìn)，時(shí)態(tài)為進(jìn)行時(shí)，同時(shí)技術(shù)應(yīng)當(dāng)是被引進(jìn)，所以使用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。6.Itwasthesecondtimethathe(bother)mewhileIwashavingameeting.答案：hadbothered解析：此處考察固定句型中的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。Itis/wasthefirst/secondtimethatsb.havedone/haddonesth.根據(jù)句型用法，此處為過去完成時(shí)hadbothered.7.Eyecontact(signal)friendlinessorhostility,interestorboredom.答案：signals解析：根據(jù)句意“眼神交流可以表明出人們友好，敵視，感興趣或者無聊的情緒”。由句意可知eyecontact做主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單三signals.8.I’dliketoborrowFather’spen,forhis(write)quitesmoothly.答案:write解析：此處根據(jù)句意“我想借爸爸的筆，因?yàn)榘职值墓P寫起來很流利”。此處考察write的主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)用法。Writesmoothly表明了動(dòng)詞的屬性，特質(zhì)。所以此處write用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)。9.Look!Thepenshethoughtshe(lost)is(lie)onthedesk.答案:hadlostlying解析：根據(jù)句意“看，她以為她丟掉的那支筆在凳子上放著呢”。第一空考察賓語從句時(shí)態(tài)，應(yīng)為過去完成時(shí)hadlost.第二空考察lie的用法，lie做躺的現(xiàn)在分詞為lying.10.Mostfashion-consciousladiescannotavoid(influence)byadvertisementoverTV.答案:beinginfluenced解析：根據(jù)句意“很多追趕潮流的婦女難以避免被電視上的廣告所吸引”。此處考察現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，所以空處為beinginfluenced.動(dòng)詞適當(dāng)形式填空10（1）Hewouldratherstayathomethan(go)outinsuchcoldweather.（2）Remember(post)theletterformeonyourwayhome.（3）Thehouse(paint)now.Sowecan’tmoveintoit.（4）Thestudentsaremade(work)veryhard.（5）Bythetimetheclassbegan,thegirl(telephone)theteacherforhisabsence.（6）Ourteachersaidthatanewfilm(show)inourschoolnextFriday.（7）After__________tome,hepickeditupandwalkedaway.(apologize)（8）Hetoldusthathe__________(alreadyapply)forahighpositioninanothercompany.（9）Thesickmotherhadnochoicebut__________(giveup)hischild.（10）Haveyouever__________(bite)byabee?Keys:gotopostisbeingpaintedtoworkhadtelephonedwouldbeshownhavingapologizedhadalreadyappliedtogiveupbitten動(dòng)詞適當(dāng)形式填空11(1)“Doyoulikethematerial?”“Yes,it______verysoft.”(feel)(2)Fully______inlookingafterthreechildrenathome,shenolongerhastimetoenjoythevariousactivitiesintheclub.(occupy)(3)Hesentmeane-mail,__________togetfurtherinformation.(hope)(4)Allflights________becauseofthestorm,theydecidedtotakethetrain.(cancel)(5)Iregret_______youthatweareunabletoofferyouemployment.(inform)(6)Beforetheinventionofplanes,__________intheskylikeabirdwasonlyadream.(fly)(7)Thebankisreportedinthelocalnewspaper_________inbroaddaylightyesterday.(rob)(8)Manythings_______impossibleinthepastarecommontoday.(consider)(9)Such_______theease,therewerenogroundstojustifyyourcomplaints.(be)(10)Nomatterhowfrequently_______,theworksofBeethovenalwaysattractalargeaudience.(perform)Key:feelsoccupiedhopinghavingbeencancelledtoinformtoflytohavebeenrobbedconsideredbeingperformed動(dòng)詞適當(dāng)形式填空121.Bobcalledtotellhismotherthathecouldn’tenterthehouse,forhe________(leave)hiskeyatschool.2.Theschoolboardismadeupofparentswho________(elect)tomakedecisionsaboutschoolaffairs.3.Ishonestythebestpolicy?We(teach)thatitiswhenwearelittle.4.Didyoupredictthatmanystudents(sign)upforthedancecompetition?5.Aftergettinglostinastorm,amemberofthenavyteam______(rescue)fourdayslater.6.Everyfewyears,thecoalworkers______(have)theirlungsX-rayedtoensuretheirhealth.7.Thechurchtowerwhich______(restore)willbeopentotouristssoon.Theworkisalmostfinished.8.Marywenttotheboxofficeatlunchtime,butallthetickets_____(sell)out.9.—DoyouknowifTerrywillgocampingthisweekend?—Terry?Never!She______(hate)tentsandfreshair!10.Inrecentyearsmanyfootballclubs______(run)asbusinesstomakeaprofit.Keys:hadlefthavebeenelectedaretaughtwouldsignwasrescuedhaveisbeingrestoredhadsoldhateshavebeenrun動(dòng)詞適當(dāng)形式填空131.Mypurposeis_______themalesson.(teach)

2.Florenceinsistedon_______outherdecision,sotheyfinallyapproved.(carry)3.Theclock________twelveandwerealizeditwastimeforustoleave.(strike)4.Bythetimewegottothetheatre,theplay______onfor20minutes.(b