何兆熊綜合英語四冊(cè)Unit

何兆熊綜合英語四冊(cè)Unit非言語要點(diǎn)：eyecontactvocalvarietygesturesandbodylanguage

Smileandglanceattheaudience;

微笑并看著觀眾；

Startveryslowly,withyourshouldersbackandyourchinup;

開始發(fā)言時(shí)要慢一點(diǎn)，身體保持昂首挺胸的姿態(tài)；

Wearyourverybestclothes;

穿上自己最好的衣服；Eyecontact

Moveyoureyesslowlyfrompersontoperson,andpausetwoorthreesecondswitheachlistener;

Lookatpeoplestraightorlookatthebridgeoftheirnosesorchins;

Lookforthefriendlierfacesandsmileatthemonebyone,thenmoveontothemoreskepticalmembersandsmileatthemonebyonealso;

Imaginetheaudienceinbathrobesincaseyouarenervous.NOsinpublicspeaking

rapid;monotone;highpitch;noenoughemotionorpassion;Talkingdowntotheaudience;toomany"big"words;

noconcreteexamples;unfamiliartechnicaljargonorslang;

Disorganizedandrambling

Indirectcommunicationi.e.beatingaroundthebush；

UnitOne

TextINeverGiveIn，Never，Never，NeverTextI

NeverGiveIn,Never,NeverBackgroundinformation:Bywhom?where?Why?when?ThistextisaspeechmadebyChurchillwhenhevisitedHarrowSchoolonOct.29,1941.In1940hecametothisschoolforashortvisitandhecameagainayearlatertohearthetraditionalsongsofthisschool.HarrowSchoolAngryChurchillByronPre-readingQuestionsDoyouknowwhenandhowWorldWarIIbrokeout?Whatelsedoyouknowaboutit?WhatdoyouknowofWinstonChurchill?ThetwosidesduringWorldWarII軸心國(guó)

同盟國(guó)axispowersalliedpowersGermanyItalyJapanAmericaBritainRussia

Nazi['nɑ:tsi:]---advocateofNazism

fascist---fascism

dictator

aformofsocialismfeaturingracismandexpansionismandobediencetoastrongleaderAdolphHitler

menace

liquidate

mussolini:[.mus?'li:ni(:)]

LeaderofItalianfascistsanddictatorJosephStalin

FranklinD.RooseveltChurchillachievedinhislifetimeasastatesman.anartist,awriterandasoldierForyourreference

WinstonChurchill(1874-1965)

GreatestmodernBritishstatesman:HewasadirectdescendantfromthefirstDukeofMarlborough,thesonofLordRandolphChurchill.AfteranearlycareerasanarmyofficerandwarcorrespondenthebecameaConservativememberofParliament,in1901,changingtotheLiberalsin1905.Hewashomesecretary(內(nèi)政大臣)(1910-11),adynamicfirstlordoftheadmiralty(海軍大臣)(1911-15),andheldvariousgovernmentposts(1917-22).HewasConservativechancelloroftheexchequer(財(cái)政大臣)(1924-29),butinthe1930shisunpopulardemandsforwarpreparednesskepthimfrompower.InWorldWarIIhewasfirstlordoftheadmiralty(1939-40)andprimeminister(1940-45).Assuchhebecameoneofthegreatwarleaders,leadingGreatBritainthroughWorldWarII;hisoutstandingoratorymaintainedBritain'smorale,andhewasoneofthemainshapersofAllied(同盟國(guó)的)strategyworkingcloselywithAmericanPresidentRoosevelt.renownedforhiscourage,imagination,oratoryandintellectApostwarreactioncosthispartythe1945election,buthewasagainprimeministerlater(1951-55).

Inhislateryears,hespentmuchtimewritinghistoryoftheEnglish-speakingpeopleandpainting.Churchillpublishedseveralworks,includingTheSecondWorldWar(1948-1953),andwonthe1953NobelPrizeforliterature.acombinationofsoldier,writer,orator,artistandstatesmanWinstonChurchillTextComprehension

WhatisChurchill’spurposeofmakingthespeech?Toencouragepeopletoholdoninthesternsituation.StructuralAnalysisPartI(Paragraph1)openingremarks:ChurchillsummarizedthegreateventsthathadhappenedintheworldwithGreatBritaininparticularandthentalkedaboutthepurposeofhisvisittoencouragethewholenationtofightagainsttheNazis.PartII(Paragraphs2-5)bodyofthespeech:ChurchillanalyzedtheworldsituationandhowothercountrieslookedatBritainandthencalledontheBritishpeoplenottogivein.

PartIII(Paragraphs6-8)closingremarks:Bychangingawordintheadditionalverseoftheschoolsong,Churchillexpressedhisconvictionthatthisnationwasdeterminedtofightforthevictoryofthisgreatwar.Anaturalwit在英國(guó)首相丘吉爾80歲生日茶話會(huì)上，一名年輕的記者對(duì)丘吉爾

說：“首相先生，我真希望明年還能來祝賀您的生日?！?/p>

丘吉爾拍拍記者的肩膀說：“記者先生，你這么年輕，身體又這么壯，

應(yīng)該是沒問題的。”

GeneralQsStyleToneStructureMainidea

Style:Aspeech/argumentationPrevailingtone:Optimisticandencouraging/inspiringThestructuralanalysis?PartI(Para.1):Theopeningremark.PartII(Para.2-5):Thebodyofthespeech.PartIII(Para.6-8):Theclosingremarks.Employingwhattechniques?PartI:detailedstudyQs:1.Howdoesanoratorbeginhisspeech?

Toshowavideooraslide.Totellastory(aboutyourself/sbyouraudienceknow);Toacknowledgetheoccasionofthegathering；

Topaythelistenersacompliment；

Toquote；

Touseunusualstatistics；

Toasktheaudienceachallengingquestion；Howdoesitachievetheeffectiveness?

Byemployingrhetoricaldevices.what?Antonym/rhetoricalQ/parallelismUpsanddownsThesweetsandbittersRosesandthornsRiseandfallEbbandflowViceandvirtueFormallydressedHarrowstudentslockarmstokeeptheirenthusiasticschoolmatesfromoverwhelmingPrimeMinisterSirWinstonChurchillashepaidavisittohisoldschooltojointheannual"SingSong,"atraditionalsongfest.ParagraphAnalysis

OpeningRemarks:

Paragraph1Q:WhatwasChurchill'sintentionofsingingsomeoftheirsongs?A:AttheinitialstageoftheSecondWorldWar,GreatBritainwasfightinginisolationagainstNaziFascists.SomeBritishpeopledoubtedwhethertheirnationcouldwinthewarwiththeirownefforts.ChurchillwantedtoconveytheconvictionofthegovernmenttotheBritishpeoplethroughthesesongsandencouragethemnottogivein.LanguageWork

Paragraph11.atyourHeadMaster’skindinvitation受你們校長(zhǎng)的好心邀請(qǐng)atprep.inaccordwith,followingOtherexamples:atone‘srequest

依照/應(yīng)…的請(qǐng)求E.g.Wecameatyourmother’srequest.atone‘sdisposal

聽?wèi){…自由處理,由…做主,由…隨意支配、使用E.g.Iput/left/placedmycarathisdisposal.

atone’scommand

由…支配;聽…吩咐,奉…之命E.g.Heofferedmeallthemoneyathiscommand.Itwasdoneatthequeen’scommand.I’matyourcommand.我隨時(shí)聽候您的吩咐。atone'sservice

隨時(shí)供…使用;隨時(shí)為…提供服務(wù)/效勞E.g.Mycarisatyourservice.Ifyouneedanyhelp,Iamatyourservice.隨時(shí)為您服務(wù)/效勞；請(qǐng)隨時(shí)吩咐atone‘spleasure:asonewishesordesires隨…的意愿;隨意,請(qǐng)便E.g.Youmaygoorstayatyourpleasure.atone’sconvenience

在…方便時(shí)E.g.Pleasedoitatyourconvenience.Pleasesendthegoodsatyourearliestconvenience.從速、盡快2.Synonyms:disaster,calamity,catastrophe(referringtoaneventhavingfatalorruinousresults“災(zāi)難”)disaster:generallyimpliesgreatdestruction,hardship,orlossoflife；尤指“不可預(yù)測(cè)的意外事件所造成的災(zāi)難或不幸”((e.g.naturaldisasters:agreatfloodorfire,anearthquake;aseriousdefeatinwar;thelossofalargesumofmoney)adj.disastrouscalamity:emphasizesdistress,grief,orthesenseoflossE.g.“theheaviestcalamityinEnglishhistory,thebreachwithAmerica”(JamesGeorgeFrazer).“英國(guó)歷史上最沉重的災(zāi)難，是和美國(guó)關(guān)系的破裂“（詹姆斯·喬治·弗雷澤）。adj.calamitouscatastrophe:especiallystressesthesenseofatragicfinaloutcome指“突然而來造成極大苦難及毀滅的大災(zāi)難”或“異常的災(zāi)禍”,含“最終結(jié)局無法補(bǔ)償之意”adj.catastrophic3.upsanddowns:alternatingperiodsofgoodandbadfortuneorspirits.高低起伏;沉浮,興衰,順逆,榮枯：好運(yùn)和壞運(yùn)（或好心情和壞心情）的交替變換的時(shí)期E.g.Withconstantupsanddownsaswellasnumerousturnsandtwistsalongtherangeofhillsitsitson,Badalinglooksverymuchlikeadragonwithimposingmagnificence.

八達(dá)嶺高低起伏,曲折綿廷,宛若蒼龍,氣勢(shì)磅礴。TheupsanddownsofpitchmakesspeakingChinesesoundlikesinging.聲調(diào)的抑揚(yáng)起伏使中國(guó)人說話像唱歌。WhataretheUpsanddowns?6,1940:France1940.7～10.31:Blitz(bombersassaultedLondon)6,1941:Poland6,1941:GermanydeclaredwarontheSovietUnion7,1941:Roosevelt’sintentionofstandingbyGreatBritain8,1941，Roosevelt,Churchill/AtlanticCharterprovidingaidfortheSovietUnion----12,1941:AttackonPearlHarbour1940年在“不列顛空戰(zhàn)”中，德軍共出動(dòng)飛機(jī)416萬多架次，向英國(guó)投擲6萬噸炸彈，炸死炸傷英國(guó)居民8.6萬余人，炸毀100多萬棟建筑物，英軍以915架飛機(jī)和414名飛行員的代價(jià)摧毀了1733架德機(jī)，擊斃和俘獲6000名德國(guó)飛行員，取得了空戰(zhàn)的勝利.

Translate:鄧小平一生中經(jīng)歷過“三落三起”。DengXiaopingexperiencedthreeupsanddownsinhislife.我感到很幸運(yùn),人生無論得意失意,總有你相伴在身旁。Ifeelluckytohaveyou

thatstaytogetherwithmethroughlife’supsanddowns.回首過去的一百年,兩國(guó)關(guān)系跌宕起伏。Thepastcenturyhasseenupsanddownsoftherelationshipbetweenthetwocountries.

4.theunmeasured

menaceoftheenemy:theimmenseorimmeasurablethreatordangeroftheenemyattackunmeasuredadj.1)notmeasured2)beyondmeasure;withoutlimitsE.g.theunmeasuredvastnessofsolarsystemThereducedefficiencyinfeedutilizationcanproduceunmeasuredeconomiclosses.飼料利用率降低可造成了不可估量的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。Synonyms:unlimited,limitless,boundless,endless,measureless,immeasurable,infinite,immense,vast5.lulln.arelativelycalminterval;anintervaloflessenedactivity暫停，間歇，稍止E.g.a

lull

in

sales/wind/conversationTranslate:這只是暴風(fēng)雨前的暫時(shí)平靜。This

is

just

the

lull

before

the

storm.經(jīng)過兩星期的間歇以后，地面戰(zhàn)斗又突然爆發(fā)了。Groundfightingflaredupagainafteratwo-weeklull.v.1)causetosleeporrestE.g.lullsomeonetosleep

Translate:

我們花了一整夜時(shí)間才把嬰兒哄睡著。It

took

us

all

night

to

lull

the

baby

to

sleep.2)makeorbecomecalmorlessactive使平靜，使平息;消除，緩和E.g.Thesealulled/waslulled.海浪平息了.lullsb.’sfears(suspicious)消除某人恐懼(猜疑)Translate:

時(shí)間和空間上的遠(yuǎn)距離有一種奇妙的力量，可以使人的心靈平靜。

Greatdistanceineithertimeorspacehaswonderfulpowertolullthehumanmind.3)deceive(intotrustfulness,etc.)哄騙;麻痹（斗志等）E.g.NorwillIallowyesterday'ssuccesstolullmeintotoday'scomplacency,forthisisthegreatfoundationoffailure.我也不因昨日的成功而滿足，因?yàn)檫@是失敗的先兆。Translate:

這會(huì)使他們產(chǎn)生一種虛假的安全感。Thiswilllullthemintoafalsesenseofsecurity.lullaby

n.催眠曲,搖籃曲6.turnup1)makeone’sappearance,arrive露面,來到Translate:

我們請(qǐng)她吃飯她都不露面.Weinvitedhertodinnerbutshedidn'tevenbothertoturnup/showup.2)befound(東西)被找到Translate:

我擔(dān)保你的手表準(zhǔn)有一天能找到.I'msureyourwatchwillturnuponeofthesedays.3)(ofanopportunity,ect.)happenunexpectedlyTranslate:Justlookcarefullyandbepatient,andsomethingwillturnup.只要仔細(xì)觀察,有耐心,你就總會(huì)有所收獲。ParagraphAnalysis

BodyoftheSpeech:

Paragraphs2-5Inthispart,Churchillconcentratedonthepurposeofhisspeech,i.e.toinspirethepeoplealloverthecountry,menandwomen,oldandyoung,tomaintaintherelentlessspiritofthisnationandtofightforthefinalvictoryofthisgreatwar.Q1:WhatdidChurchillmeanbysaying"wemustlearntobeequallygoodatwhatisshortandsharpandwhatislongandtough"?A1:BysayingthishemeanttomaketheBritishpeoplefullyawarethattheyshouldnotonlybeabletofightandwinshortandquickbattlesbutalsobereadytofightandwinhardandenduringwars.Q2:WhydidChurchillquoteKiplingassaying"treatthosetwoimpostorsjustthesame"?A2:BecausehetriedtoenlightentheBritishpeoplefromanotherperspectivebyimplyingthattheyshouldtreattriumphsanddisastersofthewarinthesameway.Sometimestriumphswerejustovertphenomena,whichcouldmisleadpeopletoawrongconception.Anddisasterswerenotasfrighteningastheyseemedtobe,andweshouldnotfeeldiscouraged.ThemassiveairforceofNaziFascistswasstronginappearance,butitcouldbedefeatedsoonerorlater.Q3:Whatlessonhadtheylearntinthepasttenmonths?A3:Thelessonlearntthroughoutthepasttenmonthswasthatwhenfacinggreatdifficulties,oneshouldnevergivein.Withthereasonablecombinationofimaginationandcourage,theBritishpeoplecouldovercomeanykindofdifficultiesandsmashanyattackofthemightyenemy.Q4:WhatisthechangeinthewidespreadmoodreferredtoinParagraph5?A4:Tenmonthsago,Hitler'sairforcesstruckBritainandthewholenationwasthrownintodisorderandunease.ManyothernationsthoughtthatthisnationwouldbeconqueredsoonjustaswhathadhappenedtoFrance.Butwhentheygatheredinthesameschooltenmonthslater,theyhadaccumulated,inadditiontobetterarmament,sufficientstrengthandconfidencetofightagainsttheNazitroops.LanguageWork

Paragraphs2-51.putthrough1)make…pass(through…);bringtoasuccessfulend使穿過、通過;做成E.g.putthestringthroughtheholeinthehandleofthebrush

putthroughanumberofnewlaws/putthelawthroughtheparliament

putthoughabusinessdeal完成一樁交易2)causetoundergo使經(jīng)歷；使經(jīng)受、遭受E.g.Thetraineeswereputthroughanexhaustingassaultcourse.受訓(xùn)的隊(duì)員參加了令人筋疲力盡的突擊課程.Translate:

你讓你全家受了不少苦.Youhaveputyourfamilythroughmuchsuffering.3)makeatelephoneconnectionfor接通電話線E.g.Pleaseputme/thiscallthroughto5543322,extension201.請(qǐng)給我接5543322轉(zhuǎn)201分機(jī)2.throwone’smindbackto:recollect,recalltomind,bringtomemoryE.g.Pleasethrowyourmindbackto1945,whenpeopleallovertheworldwereengagedinagreatandcruelwaragainsttheFascists.Translate:

他的故事使我想起另一個(gè)故事。

Hisstorythrewmymindbacktoanother.Synonyms:

remember,recall,recollect(sharedmeaning:“tobringanimageorathoughtbacktothemind”)remember系常用詞,指過去的事情仍在記憶中,不必費(fèi)勁就能想起:“記住,記得”E.g.Ican’trememberhisname.recall指對(duì)自己或他人的過去進(jìn)行有意的回憶:“回憶,回想;想起”E.g.Letmerecallwhathesaid.recollect

含義與recall接近,但較為正式,指“力圖想起久已忘記或稍有點(diǎn)印象的事情”E.g.Lookingattheseoldphotos,herecollectedthegoodolddays.HowdoyouunderstandKipling’s…?Don’tbecomedizzywithsuccessandbeknockeddownbyfailures,knowinghowtodealwiththembecausetheyareinterchangeable.KiplingTheJungleBook

KIPLING吉祥物小猴子，吉普林筆下膾炙人口的作品《叢林之書》中的主角它講述一個(gè)棄嬰在森林中由百獸養(yǎng)大的故事，而被奉為吉祥物。Kipling系列休閑包，世界頂級(jí)品牌。'sw?stik?]3.Appearancesaredeceptive/deceitful.

Neverjudgefromappearances.

[諺]外表不可靠;不可只看表面現(xiàn)象。Otherusefulexpressions:Youcannottellfromappearancesthat…

不能憑表象判斷…keepupanappearance裝點(diǎn)門面,裝闊氣E.g.Hewasbadlyoff,buthemanagedtokeepupappearance.

他雖然窮，但總算保住了體面。Theycannotevenkeepanappearanceofunity.他們甚至連表面團(tuán)結(jié)都維持不了。4.imaginationmakesthingsoutfarworse:

whatoneimaginestendstobeworsethanrealitymakeout：seeorunderstandesp.withdifficulty勉強(qiáng)看出、認(rèn)出；理解Translate:黑暗中我看不清他的表情。InthedarknessIcouldnotmakeouttheexpressiononhisface.她這個(gè)人真怪!我根本無法了解她。Whatastrangepersonsheis!Ican'tmakeheroutatall.5.addressoneselfto1)(fml.)makeaspeechto,speaktoE.g.Thepresidentwasaddressinghimselfto/addressingthemeeting.2)directspeechorwritingto針對(duì)…而說；針對(duì)…而寫,論述E.g.Sheaddressedherselftoallofus.她是針對(duì)大家而說的。3)workat;bebusywith從事于;致力于E.g.It’stimeweaddressedourselvestothebusinessinhand.6.nevergiveinexcepttostrongconvictionsofhonourandgoodsense:nevergiveinunlessweareconvincedthatitishonourableandsensibleforustodoso.

convictionn.

1)veryfirmandstrongbelief

堅(jiān)信；信念Translate:我深信自滿情緒是我們各種問題的根源.It'smyconvictionthatcomplacencyisattherootofourtroubles.2)findingapersonguilty判決有罪，定罪convict

v.find…guilty宣告有罪E.g.Thecriminalwasconvictedofrobbery.7.ouraccountwasclosed:wewerecompletelydefeatedbyenemytroopscloseanaccountwith

與...結(jié)清帳目、停止交易，在...關(guān)閉戶頭openanaccountwith

在...開戶頭

settle/balance/squareone’saccountwith

與...結(jié)清帳目;(跟某人)算賬、將恩怨作一了斷,(向某人)報(bào)復(fù)8.liquidate1)payoff/settle(adebt,etc.)清償;償還E.g.Thegovernmentmadeeveryefforttostabilizetheeconomybyliquidatingthenationaldebt.政府以清償國(guó)家債務(wù)力謀穩(wěn)定經(jīng)濟(jì)。2)arrangetheendofbusinessfor(acompany)bydividingupitspropertytopaydebts清理,清算(公司,企業(yè)的帳目),停業(yè)E.g.UnfortunatelyIhad

toleavemyposition,asmyemployerha的beenforcedtoliquidatehisbusinessduetotheworldwideeconomicadversity.很不幸地，我不得不離職，因?yàn)檫@一次世界性的經(jīng)濟(jì)不景氣，使我的雇主不得不結(jié)束業(yè)務(wù)。3)putanendto;abolish;kill結(jié)束,肅清,消滅E.g.HitlertriedtoliquidatetheJewsinGermany.希特勒試圖全部消滅德國(guó)的猶太人。Translate：這些人很危險(xiǎn),得馬上把他們消滅掉。Thesemenaredangerous;theymustbeliquidatedimmediately.9.Britainhaddrawnaspongeacrossherslate：Britainwascompletelywipedout.drawaspongeacrosstheslate:wipeouttheslatewithaspongeslate:

（粉筆可在上面寫字的）石板，木板passthe/aspongeoversth.:wipeout;agreetoforget(anoffence,etc.)抹去,勾銷;忘卻(嫌隙),不念(舊惡)wipetheslatecleanstartwithacleanslate:makeanewstartwithpasterrors,disagreementforgotten改過自新；重新開始；忘卻嫌隙，重歸于好10.standinthegap:

首當(dāng)其沖,承受最厲害的攻擊,獨(dú)當(dāng)難局;挺身阻擋

勇敢捍衛(wèi)E.g.Atthecriticalmomentofworldeconomicrecession,apowerfulgovernmentisneededtostandinthegap.11.flinch:moveback,shrinkfromsomethingunpleasantordifficultasinfearoranxiety退縮；畏縮E.g.Thesight,bloodyandblack,madeBiggerflinchinvoluntarilyandlifthishandstohiseye.那景象--黑乎乎的，血肉模糊--使別格不由自主地向后縮去，舉起雙手捂住眼睛。Translate：Kate并不因?yàn)榭煲廊ザ房s，只是不愿離開她所愛的人。Katedidnotflinchatthethoughtofdying.Butshehatedthepossibilityofleavingherbelovedones.我們不應(yīng)該懼怕承擔(dān)生活的責(zé)任。Weshouldn'tflinchfromtheresponsibilitiesoflife.12.wehaveonlytoperseveretoconquer:wehavenochoicebuttoholdonuntilvictorycomesperseverev.continuefirmlyinspiteofdifficulties堅(jiān)忍不拔,堅(jiān)持不懈E.g.Talentisworthlessunlessyoupersevereindevelopingit.persevering

adj.

E.g.Heisaperseveringstudent.他是個(gè)有恒心的學(xué)生。perseverance

n.

毅力ParagraphAnalysis

ClosingRemarks:

Paragraphs6-8Inthisconcludingpart,Churchillreiteratedhisinspirationsbychangingawordinaverseofatraditionalsong.Q:WhydidChurchillreplacetheword"darker"with"sterner"?A:Becausehehadastrongconvictionofvictory.Theword"darker"carriesapessimistictone,foritindicates"aperiodofunpleasantandfrighteningtime"andimplieshopelessnessinadifficultperiod.Buttheword"sterner",althoughithastheidenticalreferent,suggeststhebrightsideofthesituationandshowsChurchill'soptimisticview.Bychangingtheword,ChurchillwantedtoconveytotheBritishpeoplethemessagethatalthoughtherewerestillgreatdifficultiesahead,GreatBritainwouldprevailintheend.LanguageWork

Paragraphs6-81.inone’shonor/inhonorof

為向...表示敬意,為紀(jì)念,為慶祝,為祝賀…Translate:為大使舉辦了一個(gè)歡送會(huì)。

AfarewellpartywasheldinhonoroftheAmbassador.這座紀(jì)念碑是為了紀(jì)念革命烈士而樹立的。Themonumentwasbuiltinhonoroftherevolutionarymartyrs.2.

Compare:,complimentcomplementn./v.(somethingthat)completesormakesperfectE.g.Thiswinecomplementsthefoodperfectly./Afinewineisaperfectcomplementtoagoodmeal.complimentn./v.

(make)

anexpressionofpraiseoradmiration恭維；稱贊E.g.Theycomplimentedthehostesson/gavethehostessacomplimentonthemealsheprepared.3.venturev.

1)beboldenoughtosayofdosth.thatmaybeopposedorconsideredfoolish冒昧地說,大膽地說;膽敢；大膽進(jìn)行E.g.ventureanopinion/objection/explanation

敢于表明觀點(diǎn)、表示異議、進(jìn)行辯解Iventuretodisagreewith/differfromyou.Iventuretosay/guessthat…恕我冒昧地說…Iwouldventuretosaythatinthenearfuturethedistinctionbetweenthesexeswillbecomeahistoricterm.我敢說……,ifImayventuretosayso.…,恕我冒昧這樣說Translate:

我可以冒昧提個(gè)改動(dòng)意見嗎？

MayIventuretosuggestachange?我剛試探著開口說話，立刻就遭到他的厲聲駁斥。ThemomentIventuredtospeak,Iwasatoncecontradictedwithasnap.2)takeariskE.g.Nothingventured,nothinggained.[諺]不入虎穴,焉得虎子。Theexplorersventuredforthtodiscovernewlands.探險(xiǎn)家冒險(xiǎn)去發(fā)現(xiàn)新地域.Heventuredoutintothestorminathickcoat,hatandscarf.他身穿厚大衣，頭戴帽子，系了圍巾，冒著暴風(fēng)雨出去了。

Howtoclose

Torepeatyouropening;

Tosummarizeyourpresentation;

Toclosewithananecdote;

Toendwithacalltoaction;

Toaskarhetoricalquestion;

Tomakeastatement;

Toshowanoutlineofyourpresentation.

RhetoricalfeaturesChurchill’soutstandoratoryisstillwell-rememberedtoday.Hisevocativeandstirringrhetoric,employedinmanyfamousspeechesduringWWII,isseenasrepresentingthespiritofwartimeBritain.Repetition(thetitle,Paragraph4)Metaphor(“drawaspongeacrossherslate”’,“stoodinthegap”,Paragraph5)Antonyms

(ups/downs,short/long,triumph/disaster,great/small,large/pettydark,days/greatdays)DoyouthinkitispossibletoavoidWorldWarIII?Why?DiscussionSpeechAppreciationListentoandappreciatethefollowingspeechmadebyWinstonChurchillonMay13,1940

Famouslinefromit:

"IhavenothingtoofferbutBlood,Toil,TearsandSweat."VideoClipWatchavideoclipaboutWinstonChurchillandpreparetododictationexercise.WinstonChurchill,LifeMagazine'sManofTheCentury,firstmadeanameforhimselfasa___(1)___soldierintheBoerWar.By1910,hemadeanamein___(2)___asBritain'sHomeSecretary.He___(3)___manyposts,includingfirstLordoftheAdmiraltybefore___(4)___PrimeMinisterin1940.WithBritain___(5)___aloneagainstHitler,heexpertly___(6)___bothFranklinRooseveltandJosephStalinintoanalliancethateventually___(7)___theNazis.Ironically,themanwholedEnglandfrom___(8)___tovictorywasvotedoutmonthslater.Uponlearningthenewsinthe___(9)___,hereplied:"Thatisdemocracy.That'swhatwe'vebeenfightingfor.Handmemytowel."Hewasre-electedin1951and___(10)___asSirWinstononApril24,1953.KeytoDictation(1)

daring

(2)

politics

(3)

filled

(4)

becoming

(5)

standing(6)

orchestrated

(7)

crushed

(8)

despair

(9)

bath

(10)

knightedII.Fillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsofthegivenwords'.1.catastrophically 2.deceptive3.convictions 4.apparently5.perseverance 6.flinches7.ventured 8.sternerIII.Fillintheblankineachsentencewithawordorphrasetakenfromtheboxinitsappropriateform.1.put...through2.addressedhimselfto3.wasgoingthrough4.Throwingourmindsbackto5.yieldedto 6.closeanaccount7.upsanddowns8.misfortunesIV.Explainthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordorphraseineachsentence.1.current2.shown3.frequently4.depressed5.tryharder6.takesin

Grammarexercises(P8-9)II.Improvethefollowingsentences.1.Skateboardingisbothexcitinganddangerous.2.Theschoolteachesshorthand,bookkeepingandtheuseofbusinessmachines.3.Thenursewrotedownmyname,addressandage.4.Thesentenceisdifficulttounderstandnotbecauseofthetechnicalvocabularybutbecauseofthefaultysyntax.

5.Mariancouldnotdecidewhethertostartcollegefightafterhighschoolortogetajobfirst.6.TheAlliesdecidedtoinvadeItalyandthentolaunchamassiveassaultontheNormandycoast.7.Theactorwasstunnednotonlybythenoiseofbooingbutalsobythesightofflyingtomatoes.8.SmokingcigarettescanbeasdangerousasplayingRussianroulette.IV.Putthefollowingintothenegative.1.Don'tletusspeakofdarkerdays.2.Don'tmissyourappointmentwithoutlettingthedoctorknowinadvance.3.Don'tusemorewaterthannecessary.4.Don't!etthechildrengoswimmingalone.5.Don'tcrossthestreetwithou