上海市華東師范大學(xué)松江實(shí)驗(yàn)高中學(xué)高三英語上學(xué)期期中試題（含解析）

上海市華東師范大學(xué)松江實(shí)驗(yàn)高級(jí)中學(xué)2021屆高三英語上學(xué)期期中試題（含解析）II.GrammarandVocabulary(30)SectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwithproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。SuccessStoriesMercyCheronoisoneofmanyverysuccessfulyoungathletesfromKenya.Shewasbornin1991inthevillageofKipajit.Sheistheoldestofsixchildren,andsomeoftheotherchildreninherfamilyarealsoathletes.Herfather,JohnKoech,runsatrainingcampinthevillage.Duringtheschoolholidays,thecamp_____1_____attractover50trainees.CheronostartedrunninginprimaryschoolandcontinuedwhenshewenttosecondaryschoolinthenearbytownofSotik.Attheageof16,sheparticipatedinthe2007InternationalAssociationofAthleticsFederations(IAAF)WorldCrossCountryChampionships_____2_____(hold)inMombasa,Kenya.Itwasherfirstinternationalevent.____3____thefactthatshefinished23rdinthejuniorrace,shehadlaunchedherselfintointernationalathletics.Inthesameyear,attheWorldYouthChampionshipsatOstravaintheCzechRepublic,shewonagoldmedalinthe3,000-meterrace,_____4_____sheraninthechampionshiprecordtimeof8:53:94.Inthecomingyears,shecontinuedtowingoldmedalsatfamousinternationalchampionships.Sheisatwo-timeWorldJuniorChampioninthe3,000-meterrace,_____5_____(win)inPolandin2008,andagaininCanadain2010.Shealsocameinfirstinthe3,000-meterraceatthe2009AfricaJuniorChampionships.However,Cheronoisnotjustamiddle-distancerunner_____6_____shetriedtosprinttooearlytothefinishingline.Aftertherace,Cheronoclaimed,“I___7___(notrepeat)thatmistakeagain.”Thefollowingyear,atthesamecrosscountryrace,Cheronoproved___8___whenshewonagoldmedal.Incredibly,allofthethreerunners-upwerefromKenya,too.SheandtheKenyanteamcamehometoahero'swelcome.Hercoachwasexcitedandowedthesuccess_____9_____shewonthegoldmedalfortheKenyateamtohardtraininganddetermination.”Andherfathersaid,“ourchildisadisciplinedgirlandthebest____10____(take)instructions.”PerhapsonedayMercyCheronowillinstructfuturechampions.【答案】1.can2.held3.Despite4.which5.winning6.because7.willnotrepeat8.herself9.where10.taken【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了肯尼亞年輕運(yùn)動(dòng)員MercyCherono，介紹了她的家庭背景、個(gè)人經(jīng)歷以及所取得的成就?！?題詳解】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：在學(xué)校放假期間，夏令營能夠吸引50多名學(xué)員。后文attract為動(dòng)詞原形，可推知空處應(yīng)填情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，且表示“能夠”應(yīng)用can。故填can?！?題詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：16歲時(shí)，她參加了2007年在肯尼亞蒙巴薩舉行的國際田徑聯(lián)合會(huì)世界越野錦標(biāo)賽。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知hold在句中應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞形式，與邏輯主語the2007InternationalAssociationofAthleticsFederations(IAAF)WorldCrossCountryChampionships構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用過去分詞作定語。故填held?！?題詳解】考查介詞。句意：盡管她在少年比賽中只獲得23名，但她已投身國際田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)。結(jié)合句意表示“盡管”應(yīng)用介詞despite，句首單詞首字母要大寫。故填Despite。【4題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：同年，在捷克共和國的奧斯特拉瓦舉行的世界青年錦標(biāo)賽上，她在3000米賽跑中獲得金牌，并以8分53秒94的成績打破了冠軍紀(jì)錄。此處為非限制性定語從句修飾先行詞the3,000-meterrace，且先行詞在從句中作賓語，指物，故應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)，that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。故填which?！?題詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：她曾兩次在3000米比賽中獲得世界青少年冠軍，2008年在波蘭奪冠，2010年在加拿大奪冠。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知win在句中應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞形式，與邏輯主語she構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。故填winning。【6題詳解】考查狀語從句。句意：然而，Cherono不只是一個(gè)中長跑運(yùn)動(dòng)員，因?yàn)樗噲D過早地沖刺到終點(diǎn)線。引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，表示“因?yàn)椤睉?yīng)用because。故填because?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：賽后，Cherono說：“我不會(huì)再犯同樣錯(cuò)誤了?！苯Y(jié)合語境表示將來發(fā)生的事情應(yīng)用一般將來時(shí)，且為否定句，will后加not。故填willnotrepeat。【8題詳解】考查代詞。句意：第二年，在同樣的越野比賽中，Cherono以金牌的成績證明了自己。結(jié)合語境表示“證明她自己”應(yīng)用反身代詞herself。故填herself?！?題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：她的教練很興奮，并把她為肯尼亞隊(duì)贏得金牌的成功歸功于刻苦訓(xùn)練和決心。此處為定語從句修飾先行詞success，且先行詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。故填where?！?0題詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：她的父親說：“我們的孩子是一個(gè)守紀(jì)律的女孩，接受了最好的指導(dǎo)。”分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知take在句中應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞形式，與邏輯主語instructions構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用過去分詞。故填taken。SectionBDirections:Afterreadingthepassageandthesentencesbelow,fillineachblankwithaproperwordgiveninthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonemorewordthanyouneed.A.accurateB.alterationC.averageD.calculatesE.concealF.enormouslyG.initialH.intervalsI.merelyJ.multiplyK.predictionBeyondtwoorthreedays,theworld’sbestweatherforecastsaredoubtful,andbeyondsixorseventheyareworthless.TheButterflyEffectisthereason.Forsmallpiecesofweather—toaglobalforecaster,smallcanmeanthunder—stormsandblizzards—any______11______becomesworserapidly.Errorsanduncertainties____12____,gatheringupwardthroughachainofunablefeatures,fromdustdevils(塵旋風(fēng))andstormsuptocontinent-sizeeddies(旋渦)_____13_____satellitescansee.Themodernweathermodelsworkwithnet-likepointssixtymilesapart,andevenso,some____14____datahavetobeguessed,sincegroundstationsandsatellitescannotseeeverywhere.Butsupposetheearthcouldbecoveredwithsensorsplacedonefootapart,risingatone-foot____15____allthewaytothetopoftheatmosphere.Supposeeverysensorgivesperfectly___16___readingsoftemperature,pressure,humidity(溫度),andanyotherdataaweathermanwouldwant.Exactlyatnoona(n)___17___powerfulcomputertakesallthedataand_____18_____whatwillhappenateachpointat12.01,then12.02,then12.03…ThecomputerwillstillbeunabletopredictwhetherPrincetonwillhavesunorrainonemonthaway.Atnoonthespacesbetweenthesensorswill_____19_____alterationsthatthecomputerwillnotknowabout,tinyvariationsfromthe_____20_____.By12.01,thosefluctuationswillalreadyhavecreatedsmallerrorsonefootaway.Soontheerrorswillhaveaddedtotheten-footscale，andsoonuptothesizeoftheglobe.【答案】11.K12.J13.I14.G15.H16.A17.F18.D19.E20.C【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要關(guān)于天氣預(yù)報(bào)，世界上最好的兩三天以上的天氣預(yù)報(bào)是靠不住的，如果超過六七天，天氣預(yù)報(bào)就沒有任何價(jià)值了。文章分析了這背后的原因，以及進(jìn)行天氣預(yù)報(bào)的操作過程。【11題詳解】考查名詞。句意：對(duì)于全球預(yù)報(bào)員來說，小范圍的天氣可能意味著雷雨和暴風(fēng)雪，任何預(yù)測都會(huì)迅速變得更糟。此處作主語，結(jié)合句意表示“預(yù)測”應(yīng)用名詞prediction，且表抽象概念，不可數(shù)。故填prediction。故選K。【12題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：誤差和不確定性成倍增加，通過一連串無法預(yù)測的特征向上聚集，從塵旋風(fēng)和風(fēng)暴到只有衛(wèi)星能看到的大陸大小的渦旋。此處作謂語，結(jié)合句意表示“成倍增加”應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞multiply，且陳述客觀事實(shí)應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語為Errorsanduncertainties，動(dòng)詞用原形。故填multiply。故選J?！?3題詳解】考查副詞。句意：誤差和不確定性成倍增加，通過一連串無法預(yù)測的天氣狀況向上聚集，從塵旋風(fēng)和風(fēng)暴到只有衛(wèi)星能看到的大陸大小的渦旋。修飾后文整個(gè)句子，表示“只有”應(yīng)用副詞merely。故填merely。故選I?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：即使這樣，一些最初的資料也不得不依靠推測，因?yàn)榈孛婀ぷ髡竞托l(wèi)星不可能看到地球上的每一個(gè)地方。修飾后文名詞data應(yīng)用形容詞，表示“最初的”應(yīng)用initial作定語。故填initial。故選G。【15題詳解】考查名詞。句意：但假設(shè)地球上可以布滿傳感器，每個(gè)相隔1英尺，按1英尺的間隔從地面一直上升到大氣層頂端。作賓語，結(jié)合句意表示“間隔”應(yīng)用名詞interval，此處間隔不止一處應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填intervals。故選H。【16題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：假設(shè)每個(gè)傳感器都非常準(zhǔn)確地讀出了溫度、壓力、濕度和氣象員需要的任何其他數(shù)據(jù)。修飾后文名詞readings應(yīng)用形容詞，且表示“準(zhǔn)確的”應(yīng)用形容詞accurate作定語。故填accurate。故選A?！?7題詳解】考查副詞。句意：恰好在中午時(shí)分，一臺(tái)力量非常強(qiáng)大的計(jì)算機(jī)將所有數(shù)據(jù)收集并計(jì)算出來，并計(jì)算出12.01，12.02，12.03每個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)會(huì)發(fā)生什么……修飾后文形容詞powerful，且表示“非常”應(yīng)用副詞enormously。故填enormously。故選F?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：恰好在中午時(shí)分，一臺(tái)力量非常強(qiáng)大的計(jì)算機(jī)將所有數(shù)據(jù)收集并計(jì)算出來，并計(jì)算出12.01，12.02，12.03每個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)會(huì)發(fā)生什么……結(jié)合句意“計(jì)算”可知應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞calculate，作謂語，上文“takesallthedataand”提示應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語為computer，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)。故填calculates。故選D?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：中午時(shí)分，傳感器之間的空隙會(huì)隱藏著計(jì)算機(jī)不知道的變化，與平均水平的微小變化。結(jié)合句意表示“掩蓋”應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞conceal，且由will可知為一般將來時(shí)，此處填動(dòng)詞原形。故填conceal。故選E?！?0題詳解】考查固定短語。句意：中午時(shí)分，傳感器之間的空隙會(huì)隱藏著計(jì)算機(jī)不知道的變化，與平均水平的微小變化。結(jié)合句意表示“平均水平”短語為theaverage。故填average。故選C。III.ReadingComprehension(45)SectionA(15%)Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Thestressofdailylifehasgivenrisetoanewphenomenon─sleeptexting.Peoplewiththisconditionsendtextmessageswhileasleeptotheirfriendsandfamily─completely___21___thattheyaredoingit.SleepspecialistDr.DavidCunnington,ofMelbourneSleepDisorderCentreinAustralia,saidpatientshadreported___22___ofsleeptexting─andhehasadvisedpeopletoleavetheir___23___outsidethebedroom.Hesaid:“Wehavehadpatientswhohavereportedsendingtextmessagestotheirfriendsandfamilywhileasleep.Itisoneofthosethingsthathappens,butitisvery___24___,andcertainlynotacommontrend.”___25___,therearenostudiesintosleeptexting—buta___26___phenomenon,sleepemailing,wasstudiedin2008.ResearchersattheUniversityofToledoreportedthecaseofawoman,44,whowould___27___emailswhilesoundasleep.Shehadnorecollection(記憶)ofsendingtheemailswhenawake.Dr.Cunningtonsaidcasesofsleepemailingweremorecommon,andwerelikelytohaveamore___28___effectonthelivesofsufferers.Hesaid:“Emailscanbesenttoworkcolleaguesandhavemuchmoreserious___29___,whereastextmessagesaremorelikelytobe___30___senttoafriendorfamilymember,sopeoplearen'taslikelytocomplainofaproblem.”Dr.Cunningtondescribedsleeptextingasthe___31___ofpeoplehavingtoomuchtododuringwakinglife.Heexplained:Peoplearedoingsomuchduringanormaldaythatitcanmeanthattheyfeellikethey’re“oncall”evenatnight.“___32___it’ssoeasytoreceiveemailsconstantly,andgetnotifications(通知)fromsmartphones,itbecomesmoredifficultforusto___33___ourwakingandsleepinglives.”Dr.Cunningtonsaidpeople___34___togetaqualitynight’ssleepmustrealizethatthekeypointisthatpeopleneedto___35___theirsleep,andmakeanefforttoswitchoffatnight.21.A.conscious B.unaware C.secure D.grateful22.A.missions B.intervals C.courses D.incidents23.A.mobilephones B.personalcomputers C.unfinishedwork D.sleepingpills24.A.true B.common C.obvious D.rare25.A.Fortunately B.Adequately C.Unsurprisingly D.Unbelievably26.A.similar B.strange C.present D.unique27.A.recall B.overlook C.compose D.recover28.A.generous B.internal C.harmful D.positive29.A.consequences B.preparations C.significance D.symptoms30.A.accidentally B.purposefully C.unreasonably D.unwillingly31.A.temper B.result C.excuse D.loss32.A.Because B.Although C.Justas D.So33.A.combine B.satisfy C.describe D.separate34.A.appointing B.struggling C.carrying D.affording35.A.recognize B.ignore C.restore D.respect【答案】21.B22.D23.A24.D25.C26.A27.C28.C29.A30.A31.B32.A33.D34.B35.D【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了日常生活的壓力催生了一種新現(xiàn)象——“睡眠短信”。患有這種病的人會(huì)在睡覺的時(shí)候給朋友和家人發(fā)短信，而他們自己完全沒有意識(shí)到自己在這么做。睡眠專家DavidCunnington博士對(duì)產(chǎn)生這一問題導(dǎo)致的不良影響和產(chǎn)生原因進(jìn)行了說明，他建議人們在晚上睡覺時(shí)手機(jī)關(guān)機(jī)?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：患有這種病的人會(huì)在睡覺的時(shí)候給朋友和家人發(fā)短信，他們完全沒有意識(shí)到自己在這么做。A.conscious意識(shí)到的；B.unaware未察覺到的；C.secure安全的；D.grateful感激的。根據(jù)上文“Peoplewiththisconditionsendtextmessageswhileasleeptotheirfriendsandfamily”可知人們是在睡覺的時(shí)候發(fā)短信，可見是“沒有意識(shí)到”自己在這么做。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：澳大利亞墨爾本睡眠障礙中心的睡眠專家DavidCunnington博士說，有患者報(bào)告說自己曾在睡覺時(shí)發(fā)短信，他建議人們把手機(jī)放在臥室外面。A.missions任務(wù)；B.intervals間隔；C.courses課程；D.incidents事件。根據(jù)后文“Wehavehadpatientswhohavereportedsendingtextmessagestotheirfriendsandfamilywhileasleep.”可知，曾經(jīng)發(fā)生過患者報(bào)告說自己曾在睡覺時(shí)發(fā)短信的事件。故選D?！?3題詳解】考查名詞短語辨析。句意：澳大利亞墨爾本睡眠障礙中心睡眠專家DavidCunnington博士說，有患者報(bào)告說自己曾在睡覺時(shí)發(fā)短信，他建議人們把手機(jī)放在臥室外面。A.mobilephones手機(jī)，移動(dòng)電話；B.personalcomputers私人電腦；C.unfinishedwork未完成品；D.sleepingpills安眠藥。結(jié)合上文“texting(發(fā)短信)”可知此處是指把手機(jī)放在臥室外面。故選A?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這是發(fā)生過的事情之一，但非常罕見，當(dāng)然也不是普遍趨勢。A.true真實(shí)的；B.common普通的；C.obvious明顯的；D.rare稀有的，罕見的。結(jié)合后文“andcertainlynotacommontrend”可知這類事件雖然發(fā)生過，但不是普遍趨勢，是很罕見的。故選D?！?5題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：不出所料，目前還沒有關(guān)于“睡眠短信”的研究，但類似的現(xiàn)象——“睡眠電郵”，在2008年就有過研究。A.Fortunately幸運(yùn)地；B.Adequately充分地；C.Unsurprisingly毫不奇怪的，不出所料地；D.Unbelievably難以置信地。上文中“certainlynotacommontrend”提到這并不是普遍趨勢，所以不出所料，也就沒有關(guān)于“睡眠短信”的研究。故選C?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：不出所料，目前還沒有關(guān)于“睡眠短信”的研究，但類似的現(xiàn)象——“睡眠電郵”，在2008年就有過研究。A.similar類似的；B.strange奇怪的；C.present目前的；D.unique獨(dú)特的。根據(jù)后文“sleepemailing,wasstudiedin2008”以及“emailswhilesoundasleep”可知“睡眠電郵”是在睡夢中發(fā)電子郵件，所以是與“睡眠短信”類似的現(xiàn)象。故選A?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：托萊多大學(xué)的研究人員報(bào)告了一名44歲的女性的案例，她在熟睡中撰寫電子郵件。A.recall回想起；B.overlook忽略；C.compose寫作，創(chuàng)作；D.recover恢復(fù)。根據(jù)后文“emailswhilesoundasleep”可知指這位女性在熟睡中寫電子郵件。故選C。【28題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：康寧頓博士說，在睡眠時(shí)發(fā)電子郵件的情況更常見，而且可能對(duì)患者的生活產(chǎn)生更有害的影響。A.generous慷慨的；B.internal內(nèi)部的；C.harmful有害的；D.positive積極的。結(jié)合后文“Emailscanbesenttoworkcolleaguesandhavemuchmoreserious”提到這些睡眠時(shí)發(fā)出的電子郵件可能會(huì)造成的不良影響，可知，在睡眠時(shí)發(fā)電子郵件對(duì)患者的生活產(chǎn)生更有害的影響。故選C?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他說:“電子郵件會(huì)被發(fā)送給同事，后果要嚴(yán)重得多，而短信更有可能被意外地發(fā)送給朋友或家人，所以人們不太可能抱怨這個(gè)問題?！盇.consequences結(jié)果；B.preparations準(zhǔn)備；C.significance重要性；D.symptoms癥狀。結(jié)合上文“Emailscanbesenttoworkcolleagues”可知此處指發(fā)給同事的電子郵件所造成的嚴(yán)重后果。故選A?！?0題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：他說:“電子郵件會(huì)被發(fā)送給同事，后果要嚴(yán)重得多，而短信更有可能被意外地發(fā)送給朋友或家人，所以人們不太可能抱怨這個(gè)問題?！盇.accidentally意外地；B.purposefully有目的地；C.unreasonably不合理地；D.unwillingly不情愿地。上文提到“睡眠短信”的患者是在睡眠中發(fā)短信的，因此短信是意外（accidentally）發(fā)給朋友或家人。故選A?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：康寧頓博士稱，睡夢中發(fā)短信是因?yàn)槿藗冊谛阎臅r(shí)候有太多事情要做。A.temper脾氣；B.result結(jié)果；C.excuse借口；D.loss損失。結(jié)合前后文語境“sleeptextingasthe…ofpeoplehavingtoomuchtododuringwakinglife”可知此處為短語astheresultof表示“因?yàn)椋捎凇?。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：“因?yàn)楹苋菀拙涂梢詴r(shí)常收到電子郵件和來自智能手機(jī)的通知，所以我們很難把醒著的生活和睡著的生活分開。”A.Because因?yàn)椋籅.Although雖然；C.Justas正像；D.So所以。結(jié)合前后文語境可知為因果關(guān)系，用because引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。故選A?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：“因?yàn)楹苋菀拙涂梢詴r(shí)常收到電子郵件和來自智能手機(jī)的通知，所以我們很難把醒著的生活和睡著的生活分開。”A.combine結(jié)合；B.satisfy滿足；C.describe描述；D.separate分開。結(jié)合上文可知患有“睡眠短信”和“睡眠電郵”是因?yàn)槿藗兒苋菀资盏洁]件和通知，導(dǎo)致人們無法把清醒時(shí)的生活和睡著的生活分開，才產(chǎn)生了這一問題。故選D?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：康寧頓博士說，那些難以獲得高質(zhì)量睡眠的人必須意識(shí)到，關(guān)鍵是人們需要尊重自己的睡眠，并努力在晚上關(guān)掉手機(jī)。A.appointing任命；B.struggling掙扎；C.carrying搬運(yùn)；D.affording付得起。結(jié)合后文“togetaqualitynight'ssleep”以及“makeanefforttoswitchoffatnight”可知康寧頓博士此處是針對(duì)那些難以獲得高質(zhì)量睡眠的人提出的建議。故選B?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：康寧頓博士說，那些難以獲得高質(zhì)量睡眠的人必須意識(shí)到，關(guān)鍵是人們需要尊重自己的睡眠，并努力在晚上關(guān)掉手機(jī)。A.recognize識(shí)別；B.ignore忽視；C.restore恢復(fù)；D.respect尊重。根據(jù)后文“makeanefforttoswitchoffatnight”可知博士建議人們尊重睡眠，在睡眠時(shí)間不要使用手機(jī)。故選D。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingfourpassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,andD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)A69-year-oldgrandmotherwithnoteethofherownhaseventuallywonalonglegalbattletostopaScottishregionalcouncil(政務(wù)委員會(huì))addingfluoride(氟化物)chemicaltothepublicwatersupply.Inacasewhichhasalreadycostthetaxpayer￡1,000,000thejudgeruledthatitwasbeyondthepowersofthelocalauthoritytoaddthechemicaltothewaterinordertoreducetoothdecay.AtherhomelastnightMrsCatherineMcCollsaid“IdidwhatIthoughtwasrightandIwoulddoitagaintoo."Sheclaimedthataddingfluoridetopublicdrinkingwatermadeitintosomekindofdirtysoup.“Wherewoulditstop?”sheasked.“Theymightcomeupwiththeideaofputtingdrugsintothewatertokeeptheunemployedquiet.”Itwasahorriblepoisonshesaidthatcouldhavecausedallkindsofdiseasesincludingcancer.Thejudgehoweverconcludedthattherewasnoevidencetosuggestthattheinclusionoffluorideinthewatersupplywouldhavehadanegativeeffectonpublichealth.Althoughthechemicalmightserveasanefficientandconvenientmeansofachievingabeneficialeffectonthedentalhealthofconsumersgenerally,hesaid,anditsusewasgreatlyfavouredbythedentalprofession,hecouldalsounderstandwhysomemembersofthepublic,Mrs.McCollinparticular,mightbepassionatelyopposedtotheactionoftheWaterAuthorityinassumingtherighttoimprovepublicwell-beingwithoutconsultingthepublicinthefirstcase.TheAuthority'slegaldutytoprovide“wholesome”waterforpublicconsumptionwhichwasbothsafeandpleasanttodrinkdidnothesaidextendtotheirrighttosafeguardpublichealthbychemicalmeans.36.Mrs.McCollfeltsostronglyaboutthefluorideissuethatsheeventually________.A.tookthelocalcounciltocourt B.hadaphysicalfightwiththejudgeC.urgedtheauthoritytoapologize D.spentmuchmoneyremovingthechemical37.Accordingtowhatthejudgesaidinthepassageaddingfluoridetothewater________.A.wasnotprovedtobeharmful B.wasthedutyofthelocalauthorityC.wasstronglyopposedbydentists D.wassurelybeneficialtothepublic38.Theword"wholesome"inthelastparagraphcanbebestreplacedbytheword"________".A.clear B.non-poisonous C.healthy D.recycled39.FromthepassagewelearnthatpeoplelikeMrsMcCollaremoreconcernedabout________.A.theimprovementoftheirpersonalhealthB.theproblemofunemploymentintheircommunityC.thechemicalstobeusedfortheimprovementofwaterqualityD.theirrighttobeinformedoftheauthorities'decisions【答案】36.A37.A38.C39.D【解析】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。主要講述了麥科爾夫人把蘇格蘭地方政務(wù)委員會(huì)告上了法庭，想要阻止蘇格蘭政務(wù)委員會(huì)在公共供水中添加氟化物。法官判定地方政務(wù)委員會(huì)敗訴，因?yàn)槠湄?zé)任只是為公眾提供健康的飲用水，而無權(quán)將職責(zé)擴(kuò)展到通過添加化學(xué)物質(zhì)來保障公眾健康?！?6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“A69-year-oldgrandmotherwithnoteethofherownhaseventuallywonalonglegalbattletostopaScottishregionalcouncil(政務(wù)委員會(huì))addingfluoride(氟化物)chemicaltothepublicwatersupply.(一位沒有牙齒的69歲祖母最終贏得了一場曠日持久的法律戰(zhàn)，阻止蘇格蘭政務(wù)委員會(huì)在公共供水中添加氟化物)”以及第二段“Inacasewhichhasalreadycostthetaxpayer￡1,000,000thejudgeruledthatitwasbeyondthepowersofthelocalauthoritytoaddthechemicaltothewaterinordertoreducetoothdecay.(在這起已經(jīng)花費(fèi)了納稅人100萬英鎊的案件中，法官裁定，向水中添加這種化學(xué)物質(zhì)以減少齲齒超出了地方當(dāng)局的權(quán)力)”可知，麥科爾夫人對(duì)添加氟化物有強(qiáng)烈的看法，導(dǎo)致她最終將委員會(huì)告上了法庭。故選A。【37題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Thejudgehoweverconcludedthattherewasnoevidencetosuggestthattheinclusionoffluorideinthewatersupplywouldhavehadanegativeeffectonpublichealth.(然而，法官的結(jié)論是，沒有證據(jù)表明，在供水中加入氟化物會(huì)對(duì)公眾健康產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響)”可知，根據(jù)法官的說法，向水中添加氟化物沒有被證明是有害的。故選A?！?8題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后文“waterforpublicconsumptionwhichwasbothsafeandpleasanttodrink”可知，此處指當(dāng)局有為公眾提供既安全又優(yōu)良的健康的飲用水的法律責(zé)任。故畫線詞意思為“健康的”。A.clear清楚的；B.non-poisonous無毒的；C.healthy健康的；D.recycled回收利用的。故選C?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Althoughthechemicalmightserveasanefficientandconvenientmeansofachievingabeneficialeffectonthedentalhealthofconsumersgenerally,hesaid,anditsusewasgreatlyfavouredbythedentalprofession,hecouldalsounderstandwhysomemembersofthepublic,Mrs.McCollinparticular,mightbepassionatelyopposedtotheactionoftheWaterAuthorityinassumingtherighttoimprovepublicwell-beingwithoutconsultingthepublicinthefirstcase.(他說，雖然這種化學(xué)品可能是一種有效和方便的方法，對(duì)消費(fèi)者的牙齒健康普遍產(chǎn)生有益的影響，而且牙科專業(yè)非常贊成使用這種化學(xué)品，但他也能理解為什么一些公眾，特別是像McColl夫人這樣的人，可能會(huì)強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)水務(wù)局的行動(dòng)，即首先在沒有咨詢公眾的情況下，承擔(dān)改善公眾福祉的權(quán)利)”可推知，像麥科爾女士這樣的人更關(guān)心自己有權(quán)了解當(dāng)局的決定。故選D。(B)HomeLaundryAutomaticDryerProductFullTwoYearWarranty（保修）LimitedFiveYearWarrantyonCabinet（機(jī)箱）WarrantyProvidesfor：FIRSTTWOYEARSAmanawillrepairorreplaceanyfaultypartfreeofcharge.THIRDTHRUFIFTHYEARSAmanawillprovideafreereplacementpartforanycabinetwhichprovesfaultyduetorust（生銹）.WarrantyLimitations：?Warrantybeginsatdateoforiginalpurchase.?AppliesonlytoproductusedwithintheUnitedStatesorinCanadaifproductisapprovedbyCanadianStandardsAssociationwhenshippedfromfactory.?Productsusedonacommercialorrentalbasisnotcoveredbythiswarranty.?ServicemustbeperformedbyanAmanaservicer.?Adjustmentscoveredduringfirstyearonly.WarrantyDoesNotCoverItIf：?Producthasdamageduetoproductchange，connectiontoanimproperelectricalsupply>shippingandhandling,accident,fire,floods,lightningorotherconditionsbeyondthecontrolofAmana.?Productisimproperlyinstalled（安裝）orapplied.Owner’sResponsibilities：?Providesalesreceipt.?Normalcareandrepair.?Havingtheproductreasonablyaccessibleforservice.?Payforservicecallsrelatedtoproductinstallationorusageinstructions.?Payforextraservicecosts,overnormalservicecharges,ifservicerisrequestedtoperformserviceoutsideservicer^normalbusinesshours.*InnoeventshallAmanaberesponsibleforconsequentialdamages（間接損壞）.*Thiswarrantygivesyouspecificlegalrights,andyoumayhaveotherswhichvaryfromstatetostateForexample,somestatesdonotallowtheexclusion（排除）orlimitationofconsequentialdamages,sothisexclusionmaynotapplytoyou.40.AccordingtoWarrantyLimitations,aproductcanbeunderwarrantyif.AusedintheU.S.A. B.rentedforhomeuseC.repairedbytheuserhimself D.shippedfromaCanadianfactory41.AccordingtoOwner’sResponsibilities,anownerhastopayfor.A.theproductinstallation B.aservicer’sovertimeworkC.thelossofthesalesreceipt D.amechanic’stransportation42.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothewarranty?A.ConsequentialdamagesareexcludedacrossAmerica.B.Aproductdamagedinanaturaldisasteriscoveredbythewarranty.C.Afaultycabinetduetorustcanbereplacedfreeinthesecondyear.D.Freerepairisavailableforaproductusedimproperlyinthefirstyear.【答案】40.A41.B42.C【解析】本文是一篇說明文。本文主要介紹家用洗衣自動(dòng)烘干機(jī)產(chǎn)品的保修說明?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)WarrantyLimitations：?AppliesonlytoproductusedwithintheUnitedStates可知，根據(jù)保修限制，如果在美國使用，產(chǎn)品可以在保修期內(nèi)。故A項(xiàng)正確?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Owner’sResponsibilities：?Payforextraservicecosts,overnormalservicecharges可知，根據(jù)業(yè)主的責(zé)任，業(yè)主必須為服務(wù)人員的加班工作支付費(fèi)用。故B項(xiàng)正確?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)WarrantyProvidesfor的內(nèi)容可知，可知，一個(gè)有缺陷的櫥柜在第二年就可以被替換掉，如果是由于生銹導(dǎo)致的機(jī)箱出現(xiàn)故障，那么廠家將會(huì)免費(fèi)更換。故C項(xiàng)正確。(C)Isgrowthgoodforbiodiversity（生物多樣性）?Toanswerthequestion,itiscriticaltodefinewhatwemeanbygrowth.Isgrowthgrossdomesticproduct(GDP),the“monetaryvalueofallthefinishedgoodswithinacountry’sborders”?Ordoesitmeanimprovingthehumanstandardofliving?Today,whenpeoplesaygrowth,theymeanGDP,ameasurethatisover70yearsold.ActuallyGDPdemonstratesnegativeimplicationsforbiodiversity,asthis“growth”measuresonlymoneyinflowswhilefarmoreimportantisthebalancesheet,whichshowspropertiesanddebts.Asbiodiversitydeliversnocash,ithasnoplaceinGDPsystem,butbiodiversityprovidestheassetsideofthebalancesheet,suchasforests,rivers,wetlandsandanimals--thelistgoeson.ItisarguedthatgrowthisgoodforbiodiversityinthelongrunasthereisanenvironmentalKuznetscurvewhereenvironmentalconditionsgetworseintheearlystagesofmoderneconomicgrowth,butimproveonceagrowthlevelhasbeenreached.Accordingtosomepeople,onceGDPhasbeenright,moreresourcesaretoinvestinconservation,andnewtechnologiesareusedtoprotectthenature.Theysaidpeoplewouldhavemoreinterestinprotectiontheenvironment,andsomeoftheforestsstartedtoreturnandmanypollutantswerealmosteliminated.StandinginAmericatodayitmightappearthattheenvironmentalKuznetscurveworks.Atfirstsightthereappearstobealogic.TodaytheUSGDPisincreasingwhilemanypreciousspeciespopulationsarealsorecovering?Suchconditions,accordingtosomepeople,canbeexplainedbygreaterefficiencyincarsormoreefficientagriculturalproduction.Butinfact,themajorityofthenegativeimpactshavesimplybeenexplored.Thehigh-pollutingindustrieshavebeenoutsourcedtodevelopingnations.ThereforethebitterestpunishmentsarelargelyfeltbeyondtheborderswhileweAmericansareenjoyinghighGDPandselfishbiodiversityatthesametime.ThiscanbeseenintheWWFannualReport,wherespeciespopulationtrendsareincreasingby7%inhigh-incomecountriesanddeclininginmiddle-andlow-incomecountriesby31%and60%respectively.Itisself-evidentthatgrowth,ascurrentlydefined,hasamajornegativeimpactuponbiodiversity.WhatneedstochangeisthedefinitionofgrowthfromaGDP-essentialconcepttoabalance-sheetapproach.Organizationsandworldcommunityshouldworkoncreatingnewvisionorreformthatwillhelpensurearealbalancebetweenanimprovingstandardofhumanlifeandathrivingbiodiverselandscape.43.Accordingto

thepassage,theauthor’sopiniontowardGDPisthatGDP.A.hasnothingtodowithbiodiversityasitservesasaneconomicrulerB.shouldn’thaveignoredbiodiversityasitdoesgoodtobalancesheetC.isout-datedasitleavesoutproductionsoutsideacountry’sbordersD.isusefuleconomicindicatorsasithonestlyfollowstheKuznetscurves44.TheenvironmentalKuznetscurveisseeminglyworkingbecause.A.whenUSeconomyisstrong,peoplehavemoreinterestinenvironmentprotectionB.highGDPhelpstointroducehightechnologyforenvironmentprotectionCgreatfuelefficiencyincarsandagriculturehelpstoprotectenvironmentD.theUSmakesotherweaknationstaketheharmfulconsequences45.Theauthor’smainopinionaboutgrowth-biodiversityisthat.A.There’snoclearrelationshipbetweengrowthandbiodiversityB.Biodiversityconditionagreeswithacountry’seconomicgrowthC.Growthharmsbiodiversitywithtoday’sGDP-centredsystemD.Theauthorisnotsureabouttheexactinfluenceofgrowthonbiodiversity46.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.GDPfocusesonbalancesheetratherthanmonetaryincrease.B.Withinborders,Americaisenjoyingabetterbiodiversityrightnow.C.Manylow-incomenationsarehavingahigherGDPgrowththantheU.S.D.Creativewayshavebeenfoundtobalancelifestandardandbiodiversity【答案】43.B44.D45.B46.B【解析】本文為議論文。文章以增長是否有利于生物多樣性為論點(diǎn)展開議論。作者通過分析生物多樣性與當(dāng)今人們認(rèn)為的GDP增長的關(guān)系，得出人們自定義的增長對(duì)生物多樣性有重大的負(fù)面影響，并且呼吁我們改變對(duì)增長的定義，致力于創(chuàng)造新的愿景或改革，以幫助確保在人類生活水平的提高和欣欣向榮的生物多樣性之間實(shí)現(xiàn)真正的平衡。【43題詳解】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“ithasnoplaceinGDPsystem,butbiodiversityprovidestheassetsideofthebalancesheet,suchasforests,rivers,wetlandsandanimals--thelistgoeson.(它在GDP體系中沒有一席之地，但生物多樣性提供了資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表的資產(chǎn)一面，如森林、河流、濕地和動(dòng)物-這份清單還在繼續(xù)。)”可知，雖然生物多樣性在GDP體系中沒有位置，但是生物多樣性提供了資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表的資產(chǎn)面，所以作者認(rèn)為GDP體系不應(yīng)該忽視生物多樣性。故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Thehigh-pollutingindustrieshavebeenoutsourcedtodevelopingnations.（高污染工業(yè)已經(jīng)被外包給了發(fā)展中國家）”以及“ThereforethebitterestpunishmentsarelargelyfeltbeyondtheborderswhileweAmericansareenjoyinghighGDPandselfishbiodiversityatthesametime.（當(dāng)我們美國人同時(shí)享受著高GDP和自私的生物多樣性時(shí)，最嚴(yán)厲的懲罰在很大程度上是在國外感受到的。）”可知，環(huán)境庫茲涅茨曲線看起來可行是因?yàn)槊绹诎l(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)的時(shí)候讓落后國家承擔(dān)了經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展對(duì)物種多樣性的負(fù)面影響。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段“WhatneedstochangeisthedefinitionofgrowthfromaGDP-essentialconcepttoabalance-sheetapproach.”可知，作者認(rèn)為為了保護(hù)生物多樣性，我們需要做的就是轉(zhuǎn)變對(duì)發(fā)展的定義，即由重視GDP的發(fā)展轉(zhuǎn)變到資產(chǎn)負(fù)債的發(fā)展，最后到達(dá)作者提到的“arealbalancebetweenanimprovingstandardofhumanlifeandathrivingbiodiverselandscape.（人類生活水平的提高和生物多樣性之間的真正平衡。）”，即生物多樣性環(huán)境與一個(gè)國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長相符。故選B項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“AmericansareenjoyinghighGDPandselfishbiodiversity（美國人同時(shí)享受著高GDP和被保護(hù)好的生物多樣性）”以及“speciespopulationtrendsareincreasingby7%inhigh-incomecountriesanddeclininginmiddle-andlow-incomecountriesby31%and60%respectively.（物種數(shù)量趨勢在高收入國家分別增長7%，在中低收入國家分別下降31%和60%）”可知，美國享有更好的生物多樣性權(quán)利。故選B項(xiàng)。SectionCDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentencesgivenbelow.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.Directions:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.ManypeopleknowthattrashisabigproblemonplanetEarth.Whatm