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論文摘要寫作概述第一頁(yè),共三十三頁(yè),編輯于2023年,星期五1(一)基本理論知識(shí)本課程主要講解科技論文英譯的理論知識(shí),包括英漢句子層面的語(yǔ)言對(duì)比,語(yǔ)序的對(duì)比,和長(zhǎng)難句的處理。掌握科技英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)、構(gòu)詞規(guī)律、和句法特點(diǎn)。介紹翻譯的基本技巧,直譯、意譯、音譯、綜合譯法。(二)基本技能通過(guò)本課程的學(xué)習(xí)和實(shí)踐,提高學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言應(yīng)用能力,提高語(yǔ)言表達(dá)的可讀性和準(zhǔn)確性,促進(jìn)學(xué)術(shù)交流活動(dòng),為學(xué)生繼續(xù)深造和從事科學(xué)研究奠定良好基礎(chǔ)。(三)基本素質(zhì)提高英漢兩種語(yǔ)言的應(yīng)用水平、交互翻譯能力、及兩種語(yǔ)言的書面表達(dá)能力,促進(jìn)學(xué)術(shù)交流,使學(xué)術(shù)成果共享,更好地服務(wù)于人類的健康和社會(huì)進(jìn)步。一、課程目標(biāo)第二頁(yè),共三十三頁(yè),編輯于2023年,星期五2教學(xué)內(nèi)容學(xué)時(shí)學(xué)分備注第一章英文摘要的概述2W1第二章醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)詞匯的構(gòu)成

6W3第三章英文摘要的文體

4W2第四章論文標(biāo)題的翻譯4W2二、課程學(xué)時(shí)分配第三頁(yè),共三十三頁(yè),編輯于2023年,星期五3教學(xué)內(nèi)容學(xué)時(shí)學(xué)分備注第五章研究論文摘要翻譯4W2第六章文獻(xiàn)綜述論文摘要翻譯4W2第七章病例報(bào)告論文摘要翻譯2W1第八章摘要翻譯的常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤4W2課程考查

2

w1合計(jì)322W16課程學(xué)時(shí)分配第四頁(yè),共三十三頁(yè),編輯于2023年,星期五4Lecture1:IntroductionofresearchpaperwritingsinEnglish:FormatandLanguage

Thecontinuingexpansionofbiomedicalliteratureisoverwhelming.AnanalysisoftheMEDLINEdatabasefoundanaverageannualincreaseof2.8%inthenumberofpublicationslistedeachyear.Bytheyearof2009,thetotalnumberofjournalsindexedbySCIreached7347,amongthosethereare139journalsofChina.Domestically,morethan1000biomedicaljournalsarepublishedinChinese.Manypeopleaskaboutthe“tricksofthetrade”__howtoimproveanarticletoincreaseitschancesforacceptanceinanwell-knownEnglishlanguagejournal.第五頁(yè),共三十三頁(yè),編輯于2023年,星期五5語(yǔ)言、期刊數(shù)量語(yǔ)言、所占比列語(yǔ)言、所占比例英語(yǔ)6313(85.9%)一刊多語(yǔ)種688(9.4%)德語(yǔ)84(1.1%)法語(yǔ)61(0.8%)西班牙語(yǔ)53(0.7%)葡萄牙語(yǔ)28(0.4%)波蘭語(yǔ)18(0.2%)漢語(yǔ)16(0.2%)荷蘭語(yǔ)16(0.2%)土耳其語(yǔ)14(0.2%)意大利語(yǔ)11(0.1%)日語(yǔ)11(0.1%)俄語(yǔ)8(0.1%)韓語(yǔ)7(0.1%)羅馬尼亞語(yǔ)5(0.1%)克羅埃西亞4(0.1%)塞爾維亞3(0.0%)立陶宛2思羅維尼亞2捷克語(yǔ)1丹麥語(yǔ)1烏克蘭語(yǔ)12009年7347種SCI期刊的出版語(yǔ)種分布其中中國(guó)期刊收錄被收錄的有139種,包括臺(tái)灣25種生物醫(yī)學(xué)期刊排序第六頁(yè),共三十三頁(yè),編輯于2023年,星期五6

RankofJournals

ImpactFactors

up/down1.CA:ACancerJournalforClinicians癌74.575↑2.NewEnglandJournalofMedicine新英格蘭醫(yī)學(xué)雜志50.017↓3.AnnualReviewofImmunology

/免疫學(xué)年評(píng)41.059

↓4.NatureReviews:MolecularCellBiology

自然評(píng)論:分子細(xì)胞生物學(xué)35.423↑5.PhysiologicalReviews

生理學(xué)評(píng)論35

↑最新醫(yī)學(xué)期刊影響因子排序(Top12,2009)第七頁(yè),共三十三頁(yè),編輯于2023年,星期五76.JAMA美國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)志31.718↑7.Nature自然31.434↑8.Cell細(xì)胞31.253↑9.NatureReviews:Cancer

自然評(píng)論:癌癥30.762↑10.NatureGenetics

自然遺傳學(xué)30.259↑11.AnnualReviewofBiochemistry生物化學(xué)年評(píng)30.016↓12.

NatureReviewsImmunology免疫學(xué)30.006

↑第八頁(yè),共三十三頁(yè),編輯于2023年,星期五8BasicelementstogetyourpaperpublishedinEnglisha.Subjectmatter--creative,original,curious,influentialb.language–explicit,precise,freefromspellingorgrammaticalerrors,rightuseofpunctuationsc.format–conformedtotheinstructionsforauthors第九頁(yè),共三十三頁(yè),編輯于2023年,星期五9ThreefundamentalmedicalTexttypesCasereportarticlesReviewarticlesResearcharticlesVariationsamongthem第十頁(yè),共三十三頁(yè),編輯于2023年,星期五10Sciencewritingsaredifferentfromfiction,argumentation,prose,orpoeticwritings,orCETcompositions.Aresearchpaperisanutteranceofnarrationorexposition.Ithasaspecificformat,buttheformatisnotexactlythesame.Thereexistvariationsindifferentjournals.InU.S.,U.K.,Australia,Canadianjournals,theformatismorecomplexthanthatinChinesebiomedicalJournals,thelatteradoptedIMRADformatortraditionalabstract,asummary.第十一頁(yè),共三十三頁(yè),編輯于2023年,星期五11英文摘要的類別與組成要素傳統(tǒng)式

Summary:covertstructureofIMRAD結(jié)構(gòu)式IMRADFormat:Objective(s):Method(s):Result(s):Conclusion(s)8-headingFormat:Objective:Design:Setting:Patients:Interventions:Mainoutcomemeasurement:Results:ConclusionBackground/Context:purpose:DataSource:StudySelectionDataExtraction:DataSynthesisConclusionsBackground/Purposes:CaseReport:ConclusionresearchreviewCasestudy第十二頁(yè),共三十三頁(yè),編輯于2023年,星期五12

Fourbasicresearchtypesa.Clinicalresearchb.Basic/observationalresearchc.Epidemiological/cohort-basedresearchd.Operative/surgicalresearchOfcourseyouwanttochooseakeyjournalforyourpapertogethigherimpactfactor.第十三頁(yè),共三十三頁(yè),編輯于2023年,星期五13Top30journalsaccordingtotherankofimpactfactors

No.journal

formatNewEnglandJournalofMedicineIMRADJournalofAmericanMedicalAssociation8-headingTheLancet---U.K.IMRADAnnualReviewofMedicinenoAnnalsofInternalMedicine8-headingArchivesofInternalMedicineIMRADAmericanJournalofMedicineIMRAD第十四頁(yè),共三十三頁(yè),編輯于2023年,星期五14Top30journalsaccordingtotherankofimpactfactors8.BritishMedicalJournal8-heading9.Medicine(Baltimore)nospecific10.Amyloidnospecific11.

ProceedingsoftheAssociationofAmericanPhysicians---no12.JournalofFamilyPractice

8-heading13.AnnalsofMedicine

IMRAD14.JournalofGeneralInternalMedicine

8-heading15.CanadianMedicalAssociationJournal

IMRAD16.JournalofInternalMedicine

8-heading第十五頁(yè),共三十三頁(yè),編輯于2023年,星期五1517.ArchivesofFamilyMedicinenospecific18.JournalofInvestigativeMedicineIMRAD19.MonthlyJournaloftheAssociationofPhysicians

IMRAD20.MayoClinicProceedingsIMRAD21.AmericanJournalPreventiveMedicineIMRAD#22.EuropeanJournalofClinicalInvestigationIMRAD

23.PalliativeMedicineno.

24.ThejournalofLaboratoryandClinicalMedicine–noTop30journalsaccordingtotherankofimpactfactors第十六頁(yè),共三十三頁(yè),編輯于2023年,星期五16Top30journalsaccordingtotherankofimpactfactors25.TheMedicalJournalofAustralia8-heading26.BritishMedicalBulletinno27.JournalofPainandsymptomManagementno28.BritishJournalofGeneralPractice8-heading29.PreventiveMedicineIMRAD30.AmericanJournalofMedicalScienceIMRAD第十七頁(yè),共三十三頁(yè),編輯于2023年,星期五17TheFour-headingformatandthe8-headingformatofthestructuredabstractsIMRADformat

Eight-headingformat1.Introduction1.Objective:Questionaddressed2.Design:thebasicdesignofthestudy3.Setting:thelocationandlevelofclinicalcare2.Methods4.Patients:whoenteredthestudy5.Intervention:exacttreatmentor6.Mainoutcomemeasurement:

第十八頁(yè),共三十三頁(yè),編輯于2023年,星期五183.Results

7.Results:thekeyfindings4.Discussion

8.Concluson:keyconclusions_____________________________________________________________________AbstractAnabstractofyourscientificpaperisdifferentfromtheabstractsentforacongresspresentation.Whatevertheformat,besurethatthewholemessageofyourworkcomesacrossintheabstract,becausethispartofthepaperismostlikelytoberead.ComputerdatabasesuchasPubMed(美國(guó)國(guó)家醫(yī)學(xué)圖書館),Medline(醫(yī)學(xué)文獻(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù))publishonlyabstracts.第十九頁(yè),共三十三頁(yè),編輯于2023年,星期五19Youshouldanswerthesequestionsinyourabstract:

Whydidyoustudy?(Introduction)Whatdidyoudo?(Methods)Whatanswersdidyouget?(Results)Whatdoesitmean?(Discussion)第二十頁(yè),共三十三頁(yè),編輯于2023年,星期五20So,vagueorincompleteabstractswillbeoverlookedbytheotherinvestigators.Componentsofanabstract(8-headingformat)Objective:Thispartshouldgiveonesentence,aprecisestatementofwhythestudywasdone,usuallyainfinitiveclause“Toinvestigatetheefficacyof…”.

Design:Typeofthestudy,e.g.doubleblindtrial,experimentalanalysis,prospective/retrospectivestudyshouldbenoted.第二十一頁(yè),共三十三頁(yè),編輯于2023年,星期五21Setting:Tooutlinetheconditionsofthesettingismoreimportantforclinicalresearchpapers,sothatthereaderscanassesstheapplicabilityofthestudytotheirowncircumstances.Thisparagraphshouldstatewhetherthesettingwasacommunity,auniversitydepartment,etc.

Subjectsormaterial:Thetotalnumberofpatients,subjectsoranimalsselected,whichgivesthereaderanideaofgeneralizabilityoftheresults.第二十二頁(yè),共三十三頁(yè),編輯于2023年,星期五22Interventions:Adescriptionofanyintervention,e.g.thedosageanddurationofdrugregimen.MainoutcomeMeasures:Methodsbywhichpatientswereassessedorthesuccessjudgedshouldbementioned.Results:Themainresultsshouldbegiven,togetherwithanoteofexclusionandwithdrawals.Confidenceintervalsandlevelofsignificanceshouldbeindicated.第二十三頁(yè),共三十三頁(yè),編輯于2023年,星期五23Conclusions:Onlythoseconclusionssupportedbythedatathatarepresentedshouldbestated,followedbyashortstatementonthepossibleclinicalapplicationsofthework,bearinginmindthelimitationsofthestudy.第二十四頁(yè),共三十三頁(yè),編輯于2023年,星期五24

PracticePointsPreparingthefirstdraft---Choosealeaderwriter---chooseaworkingtitle“Agoodtitlesellsthepaper”---followthejournal’s“instructorforauthors”---completethefirstdraftinonesetting第二十五頁(yè),共三十三頁(yè),編輯于2023年,星期五25Gettingthemassageacross

---emphasizeinformationbyplacingitattheendofthesentenceorclause---donotprovidelengthyinformationbetweensubjectandverb---providethereaderwithcontextandperspectivebyappropriateuseoftopicposition---movethereaderonbyverbsthathaveasenseofaction第二十六頁(yè),共三十三頁(yè),編輯于2023年,星期五26Context:Endogenoushormones(內(nèi)源性激素)areaprimarycauseofbreastcancer.Adiposity(肥胖)affectscirculatinghormones,particularlyinbreastcancer.

Objective:Toassesstheassociationsofadultweightchangesinceage18yearsandsincemenopausewiththeriskofbreastcanceramongpostmenopausalwomen.

e.g.AdultweightchangeandriskofpostmenopausalbreastcancerfromJAMA第二十七頁(yè),共三十三頁(yè),編輯于2023年,星期五27Design,Setting,andParticipants:ProspectivecohortstudywithintheNurses’HealthStudy.Atotalof87143postmenopausalwomen,aged30to55yearsandfreeofcancer,werefollowedupforupto26years(1976-2002)toassessweightchangesince18years.Weightchangesincemenopausewasassessedamong49514womenwhowerefollowedupforupto24years.第二十八頁(yè),共三十三頁(yè),編輯于2023年,星期五28MainOutcomeMeasure:Incidenceofinvasivebreastcancer.Results:Overall,4393casesofinvasivebreastcancerweredocumented.Comparedwiththosewhomaintainedweight,womenwhogained25.0kgormoresinceage18yearswereatanincreasedriskofbreastcancer(relativerisk[RR],1.45;95%confidenceinterval[CI],1.27-1.66;p<.001fortrend),withastrongerassociationamongwomenwhohavenevertakenpostmenopausalhormones(RR,1.98;95%CI,1.55-2.53).第二十九頁(yè),共三十三頁(yè),編輯于2023年,星期五29Comparedwithweightmaintenance,womenwhogained10.0kgormoresincemenopausewereatanincreasedriskofbreastcanc

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