2023學年完整公開課版名詞性從句

名詞性從句（一）名詞性從句的結構和功能名詞性從句包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句。名詞性從句主要有四種從句結構：以that引導的從句；以whether/if引導的從句，以特殊疑問詞引導的從句；以what或wh-ever等連接代詞引導的名詞性關系從句。此外，asif/asthough也可引導表語從句。具體用法見下表：知識梳理（二）名詞性從句的連接詞引導名詞性從句的連接詞有：從屬連詞、連接代詞和連接副詞。1.從屬連詞：that(本身無意義)，whether(是否)，if(是否)。只起連接作用，在從句中不作任何成分。2.連接代詞：who,whom,whose,which,what,whatever,whoever等。它們除起連接作用外，還可在從句中充當主語、賓語、定語、表語等成分。3.連接副詞：when(＝thetimewhen什么時候，何時)，where(＝theplacewhere什么地方，何地)，how(＝thewaythat/inwhich怎樣，以……方式，如何)，why＝thereasonwhy為什么)。它們除起連接作用，還在從句中作狀語。【溫馨提示】what與that引導名詞性從句的區(qū)別：

what引導名詞性從句時不僅起連接作用，

而且在從句中充當主語、賓語、表語、定

語等。如：

Hewasnotcertainwhatshouldbedonefirst.

Whattheyneedisagoodtextbook.

Yourmother'shealthisnotwhatitoughtto

be.

ShesawwhatfoodIbought.2)that引導名詞性從句不充當任何句子成分，只起連接作用，無任何意義。引導主語從句時，常用it作形式主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，引導賓語從句時，常被省略。e.g.Thatshewillrefusetheofferseemsunlikely.Ihavefound(that)alltheticketshavebeensoldout.Itisapitythatyoumissedsuchafinetalk.（三）主語從句1.主語從句的基本用法1)that引導的主語從句既可放在句首，也可放在句尾，that起連接作用，無詞義，在從句中不作成分，一般不能省略。e.g.Thatweareinvitedtoaconcertthiseveningisgoodnewstous.＝Itisgoodnewstousthatweareinvitedtoaconcertthisevening.2)whether引導的主語從句可放在句首，也可放在句尾；if引導的主語從句只能放在句尾，前面需要it作形式主語。whether/if起連接作用，“是否”，在從句中不作成分。e.g.Whetherhewillgothereornotisnotclear.Itisdoubtfulwhether/iftheworkcanbecompleted.3)wh-類連接詞引導的主語從句：wh-類連接詞包括wh-類的連接代詞(who,whom,whose,which,what,whoever,whomever,whichever,whatever等)和連接副詞(when,where,how,why,whenever,wherever,however等)。what,when和wh-ever類的詞有時可不表疑問。wh-類連接代詞在句中既起連接作用，又可充當主語、賓語、表語、定語等成分。wh-類連接副詞在句中起連接作用，在從句中可充當時間、地點、原因、方式狀語。2.主語從句的單復數(shù)問題1)從句作主語時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)。e.g.Thathewillcomeandhelpusiscertain.Whowillgototheenergyconferenceis

notimportant.2)what引導的從句作主語，表示單數(shù)概念，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式；表示復數(shù)概念，則謂語動詞常用復數(shù)。e.g.Whathesaidistrue.Whatheneedsarebooks.（四）

賓語從句1.賓語從句的基本用法：1)動詞后接賓語從句的用法：e.g.Iknowthatheisfriendlyandhospitable.Gotostampsalesandbuywhateveryoucanafford.【溫馨提示】doubt,doubtful與sure后名詞性從句連接詞that,whether,if的選擇。①當doubt,doubtful用于肯定句時，后面的名詞性從句的連接詞常用whether或if；當doubt,doubtful用于否定句或疑問句時，后面名詞性從句的連接詞用that。e.g.Idoubtwhether/ifheisathome.Wedon’tdoubtthattheycancompletethetaskaheadoftime.Itisdoubtfulwhetheritistrueornot.②當besure用于肯定句時，后面的賓語從句的連接詞常用that；當besure用于否定句時，后面的賓語從句的連接詞常用whether或if。e.g.Wearesurethatheisinnocent.Theoldmandidn’tseemtobesure

whether/ifhehadmetme.2)介詞及形容詞后接賓語從句的用法：e.g.Wearetalkingaboutwhetherweadmitstudentsintoourclub.Hewasinterestedinwhateverhesawthere.Heispleasedthathehaspassedatoughtest.【溫馨提示】①一般情況下介詞后只能用wh-類連接詞引導的賓語從句。e.g.Iamsurprisedatwhathesaid.②介詞后如果接that從句，要先加上it，再加that從句，即“介詞＋it＋that...”結構。e.g.Youmaydependonitthattheywillsupportyou.③介詞except,but,besides及in后可接that從句。e.g.Iknownothingabouthimexceptthatheliveshere.④常接賓語從句的形容詞有sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,afraid,surprised,satisfied,sorry等。e.g.I’mafraidhewon’tattendourwedding.3)that引導的賓語從句：e.g.Wearegladthatsomanyoldfriendswillattendourteaparty.Theheadmastersaidthattheschoolreportshadbeensentoff.【溫馨提示】在suggest,demand,order,insist等動詞之后的賓語從句中用虛擬語氣，“(should＋)動詞原形”。e.g.Hesuggestedthatwe(should)setaboutdoingtheworkatonce.4)whether/if引導的賓語從句：e.g.I’lltrytofindoutwhether/ifthemachineisingoodcondition.【溫馨提示】①whether/if引導賓語從句表示“是否”的意思時，一般情況下可互換。②if引導賓語從句時可以有否定式，而whether從句則沒有。e.g.Idon’tcareifhedoesn’tcome.5)特殊疑問詞引導的賓語從句：由who,what,how,which,whose,where,why等詞引導的賓語從句，可作動詞、介詞及形容詞的賓語。e.g.Ican’timaginehowhedidit.Weareworryingaboutwhatweshoulddonext.Iwasn’tcertainwhosehouseIwasin.【溫馨提示】如果疑問詞是介詞的賓語，介詞可位于從句句首或句末。e.g.Ididn’tknowinwhichbuildingtheylived.＝Ididn’tknowwhichbuildingtheylivedin.2.賓語從句的時態(tài)1)主句為現(xiàn)在或將來時態(tài)主句謂語動詞如果是現(xiàn)在時或將來時，從句謂語動詞可用任何所需要的時態(tài)。e.g.ShesaysthatsheworksfromMondaytoFriday.Iknowhedidn’ttellyouthathe

wouldcomethen.Hewilltellmewhathappenedtohimduringmyabsence.2)主句為過去時態(tài)主句的謂語動詞是一般過去時，從句的謂語動詞要用相應的過去時態(tài)。e.g.Hesaidtherewerenoclassesyesterdayafternoon.HeaskedmeifIwasreadingthebookRed

and

Blackwhenhecamein.3)表示客觀事實或真理如果從句表示客觀事實或真理，不管主句的謂語動詞是何時態(tài)，從句都要用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。e.g.Theteachersaidthattheworldis

madeupofmatter.（五）

表語從句1.表語從句的基本用法1)基本結構：主語＋系動詞＋表語從句，常用的系動詞有be，seem，remain，look等。e.g.Myideaisthatyoushouldmakegooduseofyourtime.ItseemsthathehasbeentoAmerica.2)asif/asthough引導的表語從句，系動詞通常為look，seem，sound等，從句可以用陳述語氣，也可以用虛擬語氣。e.g.Itlooksasifitis/weregoingtosnow.3)that和what引導的表語從句的區(qū)別：

that引導表語從句時，起連接作用，沒有實際意義，不作句子成分；what引導表語從句時，既充當連接代詞，又作句子成分。e.g.Ourplanisthatwe’llgothereonceaweek.That’swhathesaid.4)由連接副詞引導的表語從句：連接副詞where，why，when等引導表語從句，分別在從句中作地點、原因、時間狀語。e.g.Thatiswherethegreatwriterusedtolive.Thatiswhyhedidn’tpasstheexam.ThatwaswhenIwasthirty.2.表語從句需要注意的問題1)主語為名詞reason，表語從句用that而不用why引導。e.g.Thereasonwhyhewasabsentfromthemeetingwasthathefellillsuddenly.

Thereasonforsuchaseriousaccidentisthatthedriverwastoocarelessanddrunk.2)引導表語從句時，用whether，不能用if。e.g.Thequestioniswhetherhehassignedthecontract.(不能用if)3)表語從句中的虛擬語氣：如果主句的主語是名詞idea,advice,suggestion,order,request,requirement等時，則表語從句的謂語應用虛擬語氣，“(should＋)動詞原形”。e.g.Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)setoutatonce.

Thedoctor’sadviceisthatyou(should)restmoreanddrinkmore.4)使用連接詞時的注意事項：連接代詞和連接副詞一般都表疑問，但what,when和where等連接詞有兩種含義，一種表示疑問，一種表示陳述。表陳述時，相當于thethingthat,thetimewhen,theplacewhere,常意為“……的人/事”、“……的時間”、“……的地點”等。e.g.Thisiswhereheoncelived.ThisiswhatIwanttoknow.Thatwaswhenhedidtheexperiment.句式意義例句Thatiswhy＋結果“那就是……的原因”Thatiswhywedon’ttrusthim.Thatisbecause＋原因“那是因為……”Thatisbecauseheoftenlies.Thereasonwhy...isthat...“……的原因是……”Thereasonwhywedon’ttrusthimisthatheoftenlies.3.比較三個句式（六）

同位語從句在主從復合句中作同位語的從句，叫同位語從句。表示名詞的內容，加以解釋。同位語從句的基本用法：1.能接同位語從句的名詞：fact,idea,news,promise,information,message,belief,doubt,hope,opinion,possibility,thought,wish,truth,question,problem,reply,answer,report,suggestion,advice,order,warning等等。2.that引導的同位語從句e.g.WewereveryexcitedatthenewsthatourChineseathleteswonmanygoldmedals.Theproblemthattheycan’tgethereearlyishardtosolve.【溫馨提示】同位語從句通常由that引導，但根據(jù)接同位語的名詞不同，也可由whether,when,who,how,what,why等引導。e.g.Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.Thequestionwhowastoblamehasneverbeensettled.（七）引導名詞性從句只用whether不用if的情況1.引導主語從句置于句首時：e.g.Whetherhecanfinishtheworkontimeisnotclear.2.引導表語從句時：e.g.Theproblemiswhetherthemeetingwillbeheld.3.引導同位語從句時：e.g.Ihavenoideawhetherheiswillingtohelpus.4.引導賓語從句前置時：e.g.WhethertheywilljoinintheWinterCampIdon’tcare.5.作介詞賓語時：e.g.Wearen’tinterestedinwhetherhewillagreewithusornot.6.作動詞discuss的賓語時：e.g.Wearenowdiscussingwhetherweshouldgroupthesethreecompanies.7.其后接動詞不定式時：e.g.Canyoutellmewhethertogoortostay?8.與ornot直接連用時，用whether，即whetherornot，如果分開時，兩者都可以，即whether/if...ornot。e.g.Idon’tcarewhetherornothehasaholiday.＝Idon’tcarewhether/ifhehasaholidayornot.（八）同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別1.同位語從句既“說明、修飾”先行詞，又“等同”于先行詞。定語從句“修飾、限制”先行詞，由“關系詞”替代先行詞，在從句中充當成分。e.g.WearedelightedatthenewsthatwearegoingtospendoursummervacationinDalian.(同位語從句)NeitherofusshowedanyinterestinthenewsthatJohntoldusyesterday.(定語從句)2.that在從句中的作用同位語從句中that為連接詞，只起連接作用，在從句中不作成分，一般也不能省略；定語從句中的that為關系代詞，在從句中充當句子成分，可作主語、賓語和表語，作賓語時?？墒÷?。e.g.Thenews(that)hetoldmesurprisedme.(定語從句)Thenewsthathegaveinsurprisedme.(同位語從句)3.其他引導詞的使用引導同位語從句的詞除連接詞that外，還可用whether，連接代詞who，what及連接副詞when,where,how,why等；引導定語從句的詞除that外，還有關系代詞who,whom,whose,which,as以及關系副詞when,where,why。（九）wh-ever和“nomatter＋wh-”wh-ever既可引導名詞性從句，又可引導讓步狀語從句，而nomatterwh-只能引導讓步狀語從句。e.g.Whatever/NomatterwhatIsaid，hewouldn’tlistentome.(讓步狀語從句)Hewouldbelievewhatever/anything

thatIsaid.(賓語從句)名詞性從句包括主語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句和表語從句?？疾橐c主要是連接代詞和副詞的正確使用，主語、謂語的語序，雙重連接詞以及特殊句型的使用等。其考點主要包括：考點歸納1.名詞性從句的連接詞。如：有詞義的連接代詞who,whose,whom,what,which;連接副詞when,where,why,how;從屬連詞that,whether,if,asif;無詞義的that在從句中不擔任成分，有時可省略。2.名詞性從句的語序和時態(tài)。3.it作形式主語、形式賓語的情況。如：1)It＋be＋形容詞＋that從句2)It＋be＋過去分詞＋that從句3)It＋be＋名詞＋that從句4)It＋不及物動詞(appear,happen等)＋that從句4.名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣。如：1)Itis(was)＋essential(important,natural…)＋that…；2)Itis(was)suggested(demanded,wished,desired…)that…等。

5.what引導名詞性從句時的語義功能和語法功能。如：what＝thethingthat/anythingthat…；what＝theplacethat…；what＝thetimethat…；what＝thepersonthat…等。6.whoever,whatever,whichever引導名詞性從句時的語義功能和語法功能。重點考查連接詞that,what的用法；特殊疑問詞引導的名詞性從句；wh-ever引導的名詞性從句。

Ⅰ.單項選擇。1.Itrulybelieve______beautycomesfromwithin.【2015·北京】A.thatB.whereC.whatD.why【解析】我很相信美麗源自于內心!本題考查賓語從句。從句部分不缺少成分，用that起到連接作用，也可省。從句部分不缺少任何成分，因此用that起到連接作用，也可以省略。真題自測2.Youhavetoknow________you'regoingifyouaretoplanthebestwayofgettingthere.【2015·湖南】A.what B.thatC.where D.who3.Ashipinharborissafe,butthat’snot______shipsarebuiltfor.【2015·安徽】A.what B.whom C.why D.when【解析】船停放在海港里是很安全的，但這并非建造船的目的。isn’t后跟從句作表語，表語從句中的for后缺少賓語，用what引導，what與for連用，表示目的。4._____LiBai,agreatChinesepoet,wasbornisknowntothepublic,butsomewon’tacceptit.【2015·江蘇】A.ThatB.WhyC.WhereD.How【解析】李白是中國一位偉大的詩人，他的出生地是眾所周知的，但有些人不愿接受這一事實。agreatChinesepoet做LiBai的同位語，is前面是主語從句。where在從句中做地點狀語。5._____weunderstandthingshasalottodowithwhatwefeel.【2015·北京】A.WhereB.HowC.WhyD.When【解析】我們如何理解事情與我們所感受的有很大關系。主語從句缺少方式狀語，因此選擇how。Ⅱ.用適當?shù)倪B接詞填空。1.Themostpleasantthingoftherainyseasonis________onecanbeentirelyfreefromdust.【北京2016】2.Themanagerputforwardasuggestion________weshouldhaveanassistant.Thereistoomuchworktodo.【天津2016】3....thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactly________thicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.【2015新課標全國卷II】thatthathow4.________thedelayedflightwilltakeoffdependsmuchontheweather.【陜西2014】5.Somepeoplebelieve_____________hashappenedbeforeorishappeningnowwillrepeatitselfinthefuture.【北京2014】6.Itisdifficultforustoimagine________lifewaslikeforslavesintheancientworld.【山東2014】Whenwhatever/whatwhat熱點考向

1主語從句

1.主要考點:

1)that引導主語從句時,常用it作形式主語,常見的句型:①It+be+形容詞+that從句②It+be+名詞(短語)+that從句③It+be+過去分詞(said/told/reported/decided等)+that從句④It+特殊動詞(seems/appears/happens/matters)+that從句熱點預測2)what與that在引導主語從句時的區(qū)別:what引導主語從句時在從句中充當句子成分,如主語、賓語、表語,而that引導從句,不充當成分。e.g.Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.(what引導主語從句,作said的賓語)

ThatEnglishisimportantisanundoubtedfact.(that引導主語從句,不作任何成分,但不可省略)3)主語從句若含有“是否”意義,其引導詞只能用whether,不能用if。e.g.Whetherhewillbeabletocometomorrowremainsaquestion.2.突破技巧:1)掌握形式主語的句式及變化，根據(jù)句意選取合適連接詞,除that在句子中沒有意義,但不能省略外,其他連接詞均在句中有意義。2)what,that,which,whether連接主語從句的區(qū)別。熱點考向2賓語從句

1.主要考點:1)動詞find,feel,think,consider,take(認為),make,believe,guess,suppose,assume等后面有賓語補足語時,且賓語是從句時,需用it作形式賓語而將that引導的賓語從句后置。2)賓語從句的語序為陳述語序;主句謂語動詞用一般現(xiàn)在時,從句謂語動詞可以用各種時態(tài);主句謂語動詞用一般過去時,從句需用過去的相應時態(tài),但從句若表示客觀真理、規(guī)律,用一般現(xiàn)在時。e.g.Hesaidthathehadbeentothespacestation.3)由whether或if引導的賓語從句,要保持陳述句語序。此外,whether與if在作“是否”講時,一般可以換用,但在下列情況下一般只能用whether,不用if。①引導的從句作介詞賓語時。e.g.Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.②從句中有or或whetherornot連用時。e.g.Iwonderwhetherornothewillcome.TellmewhetherornotIshouldinviteNick.③后接動詞不定式時。e.g.Canyoutellmewhethertogoortostay?2.突破技巧:1)把握句意,選取合適的連接詞、時態(tài)、語序;2)注意whether與if的互換和區(qū)別。熱點考向

3表語從句

1.考查內容:1)表語從句常跟在這些系動詞后,如be,look,remain,seem等。e.g.ThatisjustwhatIwant.2)除常用的連接代詞、副詞外,asif/though,because,why等也可以引導賓語從句。e.g.Itlooksasifit’sgoingtorain.3)引導表語從句的that不能省略;if不能用于引導表語從句。e.g.Thereasonisthathegotuplate.2.突破技巧:1)理解句意,把握語境,扣準連接詞在句中的含義;2)掌握系動詞后的表語從句辨析that,because,if,whether。熱點考向

4同位語從句

1.考查內容:1)同位語從句中的名詞：在復合句中,同位語從句說明其前面名詞的具體內容,同位語從句通常由that引導(that不能省略)。可用于同位語從句的名詞有advice,demand,doubt,fact,hope,idea,information,message,news,order,problem,promise,question,request,suggestion,truth,wish,word等。e.g.ThenewsthattheShenzhou-Ⅹspaceshipsetoffsuccessfullyisexciting.Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomebackhome.ThethoughtcametohimthatMaryhadprobablyfallenill.2)同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別：在限制性定語從句中,關系代詞that充當主語或賓語,有實際意義,作賓語時,可省略。同位語從句中的that是連詞,不充當句子成分,沒有任何意義,但不可省略。e.g.Thenews(that)weheardontheradiowasnottrue.(定語從句)Thenewsthatourfootballteamwonthematchwasencouraging.(同位語從句)2.突破技巧:1)熟記同位語從句的常用名詞;2)分析句子成分,防止句式變化;3)采取“意義法”區(qū)別同位語從句與定語從句。鞏固練習I.

用適當?shù)倪B接詞填空。1.Itisimportant_______weworkoutaplanto

raiseenoughfundsfortheproject.2.Dennyhasn’trealized_______helpthe

referencebookIgavehimcanbeoftohis

studies.3.Mysisterhas_______ittakestobeadoctor.thatwhatwhat4.Mr.Curryrefusedtosay_______hadorganized

themeeting.However,everyoneknewitwasJim.5.Idon’tknow_______Freddidn’tlockthedoor.

Maybehejustforgot.6.Itisunfair_______somewomendonotearn

equalpayforequalwork.7.Ithasnotbeenannounced_______theplaneis

totakeoff.whowhythatwhen8.Myfriendpredicted_______Iwouldreceivea

lotofpraiseformywork.9.Ihavenoidea_______Bobgotsuchalarge

sumofmoneyfrom.10.Itneveroccurredtome_______Icouldhave

thebooksenttome.thatwherethatII.選用括號內合適的內容填空。1.—_______(How,That)hemanagedtofinish

thejobisofnointeresttousall.

—Onthecontrary,inmyopinion,weshould

learnfromthewaysherespondedtothe

challenge.2.—Haveyoufinishedthebook?

—No,I’vereadupto_______(where,that)the

womancomeshome.Howwhere3.—Idon’texactlyknow_______(how,whether)

heiscomingthistime.

—Byair,ofcourse.4.—Whathasmadeyousoupset?

—_______(That,Because)Ihavelostmycell

phone.5.—Wehaven’tdiscussedyet_______(what,

where)wearegoingtoplaceournewfurniture.

—Youcanputitinthesittingroom.howThatwhere6.—Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday’sgame?

—Yes.It’s_______(what,whatever)makesme

feelexcited.7.—Help!Quick!Lookatthatroadsign!Which

roadarewesupposedtotake?

—Youarethedriver!Don’tlookatme!Idon’t

knowwhichroad______________(arewesupposed,

wearesupposed)totake.whatwearesupposed8.—Areyouastudenthere?I’mastudent

here,

too.Tellmewhatclasses____________(youare

taking,areyoutaking)thisterm.Maybewe’re

insomeofthesameclasses.

—Math4,English2,History6,and

Chemistry

101.9.—HowdoyouthinkKatecanmakeitupwith

Laura?

—Setaside_______(which,where)they

disagreeandtrytofind_______(how,what)

theyhaveincommon.youaretakingwherewhatIII.下面各句中均有一處錯誤，找出并改正。Manyexpertsholdtheviewwhethertheworker'sdevelopmentiswherethekeytobetterproductionlies.2.Mackiestartsaconversationwithwhositsnexttoher.3.Beforegoingtothesupermarket,Imakealistofwherewewillneedforthecomingweek.whether→thatwho→whoeverwhere→what4.Thestudentsdon'tknowifornottheycanstayawakeduringthelecture.5.Whatsomepeopleregarditasadrawbackisseenasaplusbymanyothers.6.InherletterwasherpromisewhatshewouldbringmesomeforeignstampswhenshereturnedfromAmerica.if→whether去掉itwhat→that7.Jeremyshutthedoorheavilybehindhim.Nooneknewbecausehewassoangry.8.Thisisawell-knownfactthatdrugabusecanruinone'shealth.because→whyThis→ItIV.根據(jù)漢語提示補全下面句子。1.____________________________(你的祖先們是誰)makesnodifferencetome.2.________________________

______(他何時會回來)dependsmuchonthe

weather.3.Beinghonestisalwaysappreciated,butyouhave

tobecareful______________

_______

_______(你如何說事情).4.I’msomewhattiredofworkinghere.I’vebeen

wondering_________

____________

_______(是否我應該辭職).WhoyourancestorswereWhenhewillbebackhowyousaythingsif/whetherIshouldresign5.Manyyearslater,theymetagainandfoundboth

ofthemwerenolonger______________

_____________________(他們過去的樣子).6.ThelittleboyaskedMrs.Robinson______

_____________________(她多大年紀).

Shetoldhimthatitwasnotpolitetoask

people

theirage.whattheyusedtobehowoldshewas7.Theteachershavebeentryingtodo________

_____________(一切可能的事)tohelpthe

studentswiththeirstudies.8.Whenyou’reolderyou'rebetterequipped

mentallytodealwith________________

(所發(fā)生的事).whateverispossiblewhathappensV.用適當?shù)倪B接詞完成下面短文。A