中考英語綜合閱讀講義

2題技巧介副詞：also,especially,even,nearly,nearby,just,simply,still,instead,usually,wildlyitsitselfhimself,everything,something)3閱讀解題技巧一、任務(wù)型閱讀概況“圖式驅(qū)動(dòng)閱讀”模式(top-downapproach)，是一種利用大腦圖式描述知識(shí)幫助理解文本的閱讀方式。左(上)欄是中心論點(diǎn)右(下)欄是細(xì)節(jié)支撐點(diǎn)。相對(duì)傳統(tǒng)閱讀理解題型，更注重考生在語言輸入的基礎(chǔ)上加強(qiáng)語言輸出能力的考查，要求對(duì)攝取信息進(jìn)行分析、概括、整理、理解并根據(jù)需要進(jìn)行綜合運(yùn)用。二、任務(wù)型出題模式1.捕捉信息能力：屬基礎(chǔ)題(原詞填空、詞形轉(zhuǎn)換、反義詞(組)、詞組轉(zhuǎn)換、)。2.組織信息能力：屬活用題(詞組轉(zhuǎn)換、句型概括、替換)3.綜合概括信息能力：屬概括題(句型概括、替換)南京近年中考強(qiáng)調(diào)基礎(chǔ)題，原詞占據(jù)一半左右，對(duì)綜合概括能力要求較高的句型轉(zhuǎn)換、替換題趨于平穩(wěn)，大概為2-3題，所以任務(wù)型應(yīng)該是非常容易拿分的一項(xiàng)，而事實(shí)上很多同學(xué)中考中此項(xiàng)失分超過3分！在平時(shí)考試中任務(wù)型也是失分大項(xiàng)，沒有科學(xué)的解題方法，非?？上АＯ胍獩_刺110分的同學(xué)，中考必須確保任務(wù)型扣分不多于1分；基礎(chǔ)較薄弱的同學(xué)也可以從這項(xiàng)開始突破，通過講解和練習(xí)，不斷精煉方法，總結(jié)解題技巧，短期內(nèi)即可取得4三、學(xué)生做題常見困難1.不知如何定位，閱讀沒有方向和重點(diǎn)→攻略一2.找到詞后，詞形轉(zhuǎn)化方向不明→攻略二3.句子概括能力差→攻略三四、任務(wù)型閱讀做題方法1.找詞：尋找表格空格句中的關(guān)鍵詞。2定位：確定關(guān)鍵詞所在的句子在文章的位置。3.比差：比較原文句和空句的差別。通過變?cè)~形、換詞組、改句式等方法最終確定答案詞。五、任務(wù)型閱讀做題思路1.首先跳讀：大致瀏覽文章和答題框；了解篇章主題和篇章結(jié)構(gòu)。2.其次尋讀：處理左框中的細(xì)節(jié)空；總結(jié)歸納共形左框所有的細(xì)節(jié)點(diǎn)推出所對(duì)應(yīng)的右框中的論3.最后復(fù)查：根據(jù)單詞所在的句子查看單詞的形式(名詞單復(fù)數(shù)、大小寫、三單、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài))六、任務(wù)型閱讀做題技巧1.先表后文2.標(biāo)注出處：一方面為學(xué)生最后的檢查提供線索，另一方面，由于出現(xiàn)的范圍涵蓋整篇文章，因此有助于學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)到?jīng)]有出題的文本部分。3.檢查：1、大小寫2、語法檢查，重點(diǎn)是看動(dòng)詞的形式是否用錯(cuò)，是-ing，-ed還是原形，是否需要雙寫；3、詞匯檢查，拼寫是否有錯(cuò)。4.要從易到難(閱讀材料由易到難，同一篇閱讀材料題目不一定按題號(hào)做，應(yīng)由易及難)，由淺入深，應(yīng)循序漸進(jìn)；切忌在難題上耗時(shí)過久。5.框中問題大都是順著文章脈絡(luò)設(shè)置的，可以根據(jù)上一個(gè)空在文章的位置往下確定下一個(gè)空的七、任務(wù)型閱讀提升攻略差定位：屬細(xì)節(jié)支撐點(diǎn)的空格句一般根據(jù)表格順序找。較短的空格句按所屬大論點(diǎn)定位，較長空格句除結(jié)合大論點(diǎn)，還要找出核心實(shí)意詞或概括空格句核心含義再定位。5比差：相同詞或同義詞(組)逐詞劃出，剩余部分進(jìn)行比差①空格句如與原句高度相似，只需逐詞劃出相同部分，剩余部分進(jìn)行比差，結(jié)合中文，注意詞形變化或反義詞填寫空格。原文：weproducewasteeverydayanditdoesharmtoourenvironment.比差：Weproducewasteeverydayanditis2tous.比差：doesharmto=is______to，填harmful。原文：trynottobuytoomanythingsfromabroad.比差：Don’tbuytoomanythingsfromforeign4.→abroad=foreigncountries。②空格句與原句相似度高，但句型結(jié)構(gòu)變化，可借助翻譯先確定詞形，縮小尋找范圍。原文：Weshouldtakecareofthemsothattheywilllast,andweshouldrepairthem...Takecareofthingsortheoldthingslastrepair，明顯repair更合適。③空格句與原文有部分單詞或詞組相似，關(guān)注空格句詞組是否可與原文詞(組)替換，再劃原文：it’sbetterthan(“比…好”即“不要…”)throwingthingsawayorburningthem.比差：Don’t10thingsawayorburnthem.→don’t后要填動(dòng)詞原形，所以填throw。：判定&轉(zhuǎn)化判定：①判斷出空格處所填詞的詞性(動(dòng)詞，名詞，形容詞，副詞)②結(jié)合整句或空格前后的一個(gè)詞或詞組分析所填詞的正確形式(注意分詞的使用，單復(fù)數(shù)，時(shí)態(tài)，語態(tài)，反義等)定位：屬細(xì)節(jié)支撐點(diǎn)的空格句一般根據(jù)表格順序找。較短的空格句按所屬大論點(diǎn)定位，較長空格句除結(jié)合大論點(diǎn)，還要找出核心實(shí)意詞或概括空格句核心含義再定位。比差：相同詞或同義詞(組)逐詞劃出，剩余部分進(jìn)行比差，找到核心詞轉(zhuǎn)化：根據(jù)已判定的空格處所需詞詞性及形式，將核心詞轉(zhuǎn)化成相應(yīng)形式。①詞性轉(zhuǎn)化只需判斷出空格處單詞詞性，將原文中對(duì)應(yīng)的的核心詞改成此詞所需詞性即可。6判定：ItishelpfultothefutureofChinesestudents.(空格后of暗示空格中需填一個(gè)名定位，比差：It’struethatstudyingabroadcanhelpstudentsdevelopthemselves.(develop為原文)轉(zhuǎn)化：核心詞develop為動(dòng)詞，和之前判定的空格內(nèi)須填名詞不相符，將develop改成其名詞判定：ItenablesChinesestudentstofindjobsmore.(空格內(nèi)詞語修飾動(dòng)詞findjobs，需用副詞形式)edanditmaybeeasiertofindjobseasier為原文。原文用了easy的比較級(jí)形式，跟在be動(dòng)詞后作表語，為形容詞)②判斷過詞性，尤其是空格處需要用動(dòng)詞的情況下，還要注意分詞，時(shí)態(tài)，語態(tài)的辨別分析。判定：Ithelpstoforeignlanguageskills.(helptodosth.根據(jù)空格前的這個(gè)詞組判斷空格處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞且為動(dòng)詞原形)定位，比差：Theirforeignlanguageskillswillbeimprovedanditmaybeeasiertofindjobs.(improved為核心詞，在原文中用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，improved為improve的過去分詞。)轉(zhuǎn)化：第一步判定得知此空應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞原形，將improved“打回原形”：improve。判定：Title:Waysof______animals(分析這個(gè)詞組可知空格處缺少一個(gè)動(dòng)作，需要加一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，又因?yàn)檫@個(gè)動(dòng)詞跟在介詞of后，所以需要用動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式。)定位，比差：Thegoodnewsisthattherearemanysimplethingsyoucandotohelpprotectanimals.(protect為，且為動(dòng)詞原形)轉(zhuǎn)化：原文為動(dòng)詞原形，空格處需要填動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式：protecting化濃縮：根據(jù)表格和文章先定位相應(yīng)的一個(gè)句子或多個(gè)句子，將原文的句子和表格句子首先進(jìn)行中文翻譯，濃縮相應(yīng)的意思轉(zhuǎn)化：結(jié)合濃縮的句子加上表格的句子意義，進(jìn)行意義上的轉(zhuǎn)化，一般是將一種說法用另一種表達(dá)方式，或者從表格中的一個(gè)句子濃縮成一個(gè)單詞①表達(dá)方式的轉(zhuǎn)化7原文：Thepopulationoftheworldcontinuestoriseatthepresentrate表格：More4beingborn濃縮：世界人口持續(xù)增長越來越多的______出生轉(zhuǎn)化：根據(jù)這兩個(gè)句子的濃縮意思轉(zhuǎn)化為：越來越多的babies出生。原文：withmodernfishingmethods,moreandmorefisharecaught.表格：Modernmethodsmakethesituation6.濃縮：隨著越來越多的捕魚技術(shù)，越來越多的魚被捕撈起來現(xiàn)代技術(shù)使得局勢(shì)變得______,兩個(gè)句子差別較大，后面出現(xiàn)的morepowerfulmachines也屬于modernmethods之列，而它們導(dǎo)致的都是使環(huán)境更加糟糕—“更多的魚被捕撈，更多的數(shù)被砍伐”，所以劃線句Modernmethodsmakethesituation6.表示的意思類似，“現(xiàn)代技術(shù)使情況更加_____”，應(yīng)為惡化之意，所以填worse。②從一句話濃縮一個(gè)單詞表格：(1)Wehumanbeingswillnotsurviveontheearth.(2)problems--causes--__________solutions將無法在地球上生存，可以濃縮并轉(zhuǎn)化答案為：結(jié)果Result空歷年真題Passage1Yourlocalcommunityistheareanearyourhomewhereyouwork,play,andgotoschool.Itistheneighbourhoodwhereyour1.f__________makeconnectionswithotherpeople,andtheplaceyoufeellikeyoubelongto.Peopleareverysocialanimals.Weneedto2.t__________8andinteract(交往)withotherhumanbeings.Weoftenunderstandourselves3.b__________whenwediscussouropinions,emotions,andactivitieswithotherpeople.Makingmoreconnectionswithfriendsandfamilyletusputasideourworriesandfocus(關(guān)注)onthingsthataremore4.i__________:thepeoplewecareabout.Communitiesgrowand5.c__________overtime.Familiesmovefromonecitytoanotherbecauseof6.w__________orfamilysituations.Olderadultsoftenmovetohomesorvacationareasaftertheirchildrenhavegrownupandmovedoutto7.s__________familiesoftheirown.Newfamiliesmoveinwhenothers8.l__________.Basic(基本的)community9.s__________,suchaspolice,fire,postoffice,health,andpublicschools,remainsteady(穩(wěn)定的)forceinthecommunity,10.a__________somepeoplemayretire(退休)ormoveon.Businessesprovideservicestothecommunity,too.Storessellthingsthatpeopleneed,restaurantssellpreparedfood,andofficesprovidedifferentkindsofskilledwork.Passage2ChuckWallteachesmanagementandhumanrelationsatBakersfieldCollege.Hewalkedintoclassonedayandtoldhisstudentsthattheir1.h__________wastoperformoneactofrandom(任意的)kindness.Hisstudentsdidnotunderstandtheassignment(任務(wù)),buttheprofessorwouldnotanswertheirquestions.He2.e__________hisstudentstofinditoutforthemselves.Oneweeklater,thestudentsenteredtheclassroomexcitedto3.s__________theirstories.Onestudenttoldofdistributingblanketstothehomeless,anotherhadcontactedalong,lostfriend,andanotherstudent4.r__________thathehadhelpedadogtofinditsowner.Studentswereenergized(激勵(lì))bythehomeworkassignmentandwantedotherpeopletobekindtoo.5.W__________thesupportoflocalbusinesses,thestudentsmadestickerstoputoncarsthatinvitedpeopletodosomething6.k__________forothers.Theysoldthestickersanddecidedtodonatethemoneytoacenterfortheblind–notsurprisingasProfessorWallisblind.Sincethen,7.s__________kindnessactivitieshavebeenorganizedinschoolsallovertheworld.ManyschoolsorganizeaRandomActsofKindnessWeek,8.a__________November13,tocelebrateWorldKindnessDay.SomeschoolsuseeachdayofRandomActsofKindnessWeektoperform9.d__________kindacts,suchasmakinganewfriend,helpingsomeone,doingcommunityservice,orraisingmoneyforacharity.Studentslearnto10.c__________otherpeopleandthinkabouthowsmallactionscanmaketheworldabetterplace.9Passage3Inthe1930s,DanWestwasfarminginSpain.Itwaswartime,andpeoplewerestarving(挨餓).An1.i__________hithimashehandedoutcupsofmilktochildren.“ThesechildrendontneedacupTheyneedacowThiswastheb__________ofHeiferInternational.HeiferInternationalgivesdifferent3.k___________ofgifts.Itsgiftsmightsay“quack”or“moo”.DanWestaskedfriendsintheUnitedStatestogivegiftsofheifers(小母牛),oryoungcows.4.S__________then,HeiferInternationalhasgivenanimalstofourmillionfamilies.Itgivespeoplethechanceto5.f__________themselves.HeifersInternationalwantsthepeopletheyhelptohelpothers.Foroneproject,thegroup6.s__________chickenstosomechildreninAsia.Thechildrenyearnedfor(向往)thedaywhentheycouldhelpothers.Nine-year-oldJulieknewshehadtolookafterherchickens7.w__________sotheywouldproduceneweggsandhealthychicks.She8.t__________goodcareofthem,andtheygavebirthtostrong,healthychicks.Juliethenpassedonthegiftofchickstootherfamilies.BecauseofHeiferInternational,childrencan9.s__________theirdaysinaschoolhouseinsteadofworkinginthefields.Theycanusethemoneytheyearnfromtheiranimalstopayforschool.HeiferInternationalhasmadeahuge10.d__________topeople’slivesformanyyearsPeopleshouldbegratefultoakindheartedfarmernamedDanWest.Passage4Supposeyoufindabrightyellowbikeonastreetcornerinthecity.Youhoponitandrideaway.Butwait—isn’tthis1.s__________?Nooneshouts,“Stop,thief!”That’s2.b__________thisfreerideisjustfinewiththecity.Youcanfind3.h__________offreeyellowbikesinsomeU.S.cities.TheideabeganinPortland,Oregon,in1994.Peoplesawaneedfor4.f__________transportation,andtheywantedtohelp5.c__________pollution.So,togetcitizensoutoftheircarsandontopollutionfreebikestheys____theYellowBikeProject.Thepublicbikesare7.p__________brightyellowandplacedthroughoutthecity.Peoplecanhoponayellowbikeandridetowork,toschool,ortorunerrands.Theythenleavethebikeforthe8.n__________rider.Therehavebeentimeswhenbikeshavebeenstolen,butmostpeopleobeythe9.r__________.Whatwouldbethepointofstealingsomethingthat’salreadyfree?Portland’s10.i__________quicklybecamepopular.Withintwoyearsofitsstart,similarprogramsweresetupincitiesinsixotherstates.Passage5Howlongdoesittaketobuildanewhouse?Itusuallytakesaboutsixmonthsormore.1.B__________eachyear，thousandsofpeopleworktogethertobuildnewhomesinjustfourmonthsWhodoesthis2.w__________work？HabitatforHumanity.HabitatforHumanityisagroupthatbuildshomesforfamiliesin3.n__________.Ithasbranches(分部)indifferentstatesaroundthecountry.Thisgroupworksallovertheworld,too.Volunteershelpbuildthehomes．Theyareunpaidworkerswhodoalltheworkfor4.f__________.Volunteerscanbebuildersandpainters.Theycanbeteachersorbankers,Somearestudents．HabitatforHumanityhasbuiltmorethan300,000houses.Morethan1.5millionpeople5.l__________inthesehouses．Buildingahomeishardwork.Volunteerslearn6.h__________toputupwalls.TheyusemanymandtoolsTheseselflessvolunteersworkwiththefamilythatwillliveinthehouse,Everyoneworkstogethertomakethefamily's8.d__________comerueSuruchiSrikanthhasworkedwithHabitatforHumanityforfouryears.She9.b__________volunteeringinhighschool.ShehasbuiltmanyhomeswithothersVolunteers.ShetakesherresponsibilitiesseriouslyVolunteersknowi_theydon'thelp,homesmaynotgetbuiltTheyaregoodcitizenswhocareotherpeople．Passage6“Kidscanmakeadifference,”CraigKielburgersaid.WhenCraigwas12,he1.s__________agroupthathashelpedkidsallovertheworld.HowdidCraiggetstarted?Intheseventhgradehelearnedsomethingthatmadehim2.a______.A6-year-oldboyinPakistanwassenttoworkinafactory.TheboycouldnotgotoschoolHecouldnotevenplay.Hehadnofreedom(自由)atall.Craig3.c__________thatwithhisownlife.Lawsinhiscountrysaidthatkidsmustgotoschool.4.E__________wasfreetoallkids.Butinsomecountriesschoolwasnotfree.Childrenfrompoorfamilieswenttoworkinsteadoftoschool.Craigwantedtohelpthosewhodidn’thavethesame5.a__________asheandhisfriends.Asaresult,CraigandsomefriendsstartedFreeTheChildren.CraigandhisfriendsdecidedthatFreeTheChildrenshould6.r__________moneytobuildschools.Craighopedthatlearningwouldhelpkidsinpoverty(貧困)live7.b__________.Today,Craig’scharityhasmorethanonemillionmembersin45countries.Itis8.s__________goingstrong.Themoneytheyhaveraisedhasdonemanygoodthings.Ithashelpedbuildmorethan500schoolsaroundtheworld.Italsopaysforhealthcarein9.p__________communities.Craighashadalotofsuccess.However,hestillremembershisunpleasantstartintheseventhgrade.“Wewerelaughedatbyotherkids,whosaidyou10.c__________changethings,”hesays.Still,Craigdidn’tgiveup.Nowhewantsmorekidstohelp.“Gotofreethechildren.com.Bringittoyourteachers,”hesays.“Asyougainmoreconfidence,friendswilljoinyou.Itjustgetseasier.”Passage7Asyou'vejustfoundout,openingabookdoesn'trequiremucheffort.However,eventhatwouldbe1.i__________ifyouspentthenightonthestreets.Afterlyingforhoursoncoldground,withonlyathinsleepingbagtoprotectyoufromrainice,yourfingerswouldprobablybesonumb(麻木的)thatyoucouldhardly2.m__________them.You'dmostlikelyspendthedaytryingtofindsomethingtocatandsomewheretoshelterfromthefreezingcold.Youmightbesurprisedtohearthatthenumberofpeoplesleepingrough(露宿)inLondonhasdoubledinthelastfiveyearsandhas3.i__________by30%acrosstherestofthecountryduringthelasttwoyears.Oncewebringahomelesspersonoutofthefreezingcold,weneedyourhelptogivehima4.w__________welcomeatStMungo'sverymuch.WillyoupleasegiveaChristmasgiftof￡25,whichcould5.p__________ahomelesspersonwithaStMungo’swelcomepack?Itcouldhaveatowel,shampoo,soap(肥皂),soahomelesspersoncanhaveahot6.s__________andapropercleanup.Thedifferenceyoucouldmakewon'tendthere.Yousee,welcomingsomeoneintowarmthandsafetyisjusttheb_.Youreallycouldenablesomeonetochangetheirlifeforgood.ForHarvey,itwaslosinghisjobthatledtohimbecominghomeless.SinceHarveywaswelcomedintoStMungo’s,hehasreceived8.t__________forhishealthandsomuchmore.Afterhetookcoursesinusefullifeskills,herecentlymovedintohisownflat.Withyourgift,youcouldhelpusofferawarmwelcometosomeone9.I__________Harveywho'scomeinfromthefreezingstreets.I'msureyou'll10.a__________that’sawonderfulpresenttogiveatChristmas.Ihopeyouwillsend￡25,orasmuchasyoucan,today.Passage8Part-timejobsaregreatforyoungpeople．Theyallowteenagersandyoungadultstogainalittlejob1.e__________andmakeabitofmoneytoo．Comparedwithotherhobbiesandactivities，part-timejobsarehealthierandbetterhelpteenagers2.p__________foradultlife．Ofcourse，forstudents，doingapart-timejobshouldneverbemoreimportantthans________forgoodgrades．Therearesomanydifferentpart-timejobsforyouto4.c__________from．AfewoftheorkersThesearealljobsperienceSoyoucanlearnhowtodothejobewhileyouareworking．Youcanlearngreatlessonsfromapart-timejob．Someareabouthowtoworkwithothers，someareabouthowtobeontimeand7.o__________areabouthowtoworkhard．Theseareallnecessarylessonsyouwilluselaterinlife．Asurveyshowsthattheyoungonothaveparttimejobsarelpreparedforlifethanthosewhodos__________themoneyfromapart-timejob？Itcanbeusedtosaveforcollegeeducationorfavoritethings．Maybeyouwillfindit'shardertousemoneyyoumadethanthatyourparentsgaveyouYetitcanrightteachyouthevofmoney．空歷年模擬題Passage1MalaysiaAirlinesdeeplyregretsthatMH370endedinthesouthernIndianOcean.MH370first1.d__________intheearlyhoursofMarch8th,whileflyingfromKualaLumpurtoBeijing.Weshouldknowhowto2.s__________ourselveswhenthecrashhappened.AustralianprofessorGaleasummedup6goldenrulesafteryearsofresearch.Itmightbeabletohelpyouescapeincaseofemergency.3.S__________1985,AustralianprofessorEDGaleahasinterviewed2,000survivorsofplanecrashessearchingforthekeystosurvival.First,ifyouaretravelingina4.f__________group,youshouldinsistthattheairlinedoesnotseparate(分開)youthroughouttheaircraft.Why?It’snaturalthatifyou’reinvolvedinthatkindofsituationthatyou’regoingtowanttomeetthefamilybeforeyoumoveout.Second,howdoyouuntieyourseatbeltinaplane?Youpressabutton.Ifyoucan’tuntieyourseatbelt,then,youcan’trunawayandyour5.c__________ofsurvivalwilldrop.Third,sitwithinsevenrowsofanexitandcountexactlyhowmanyrowsyouarefromthenearesttwoexits.Countsothatyoucanfindanexitinthe6.d__________.Fourth,wewouldallbesaferifairlineseatsfacedbackward.Butthedifficultywiththisisthatthemostofthetouristsdon’tlike7.t__________withtheirbackfacingthedirectionoftravel.Fifth,“Smokeis8.h__________toyourhealth.Ifyoutakeinenoughofthem,youwilldie,”explainsGalea.Youmustlearnhowtouseasmokemask.Otherwise,you’llwastetimetryingtoputiton--timethatcouldbeusedforrunning9.a__________.Atlast,listentothepreflightbriefingbytheflightattendantsandreadthe10.s__________instructionsAlwaysbepreparedGoodlucktoyou.Passage2MannersareimportantinEngland.Hereissome1.a__________ifyouaregoingtoEngland.Britishpeopleusuallysay“hello”or“nicetomeetyou”.Whenyouarefirst2.i__________tosomeone,shaketheirrighthandwithyourownrighthand.TheyonlygreetrelativesorclosessTheyliketostartaconversationwithsubjectsliketheweatherholidays,musicorbooks.Theyavoid(避免)talkingaboutage,weightormoney.Itisconsidered4.i__________toaskaladyherage.Britishpeoplethinkitisrudetopushinbefore5.o__________.Theyalwayswaitpatientlyfortheirturn.Theysay“sorry”iftheybump(撞)intoyouinthestreet.Whentheywantyoutomovetheysay“excuseme”.Theydonotliketoshoutorlaugh6.l__________inpublic.Doopendoorsforotherpeople.Menandwomenbothholdthedooropenforeachother.Itdependson(取決于)7.w__________goesthroughthedoorfirst.Theysay“please”or“thankyou”allthetime.Whensittingatthetable,donotstarteating8.u__________everyoneisready,anditisimpolitetomaketoomuchnoisewhileeatingordrinking.Donoteatwithyourmouth9.o__________ortalkwithfoodinyourmouth.Alsodonotreachoversomeone’splateforsomething.Beforeleaving,waitforeveryoneto10.f__________.eninRomedoastheRomansdoWhenweareinastrangeplaceweshoulddoasthelocalpeopledo.Passage3Youmaynotrealizeit,butyouaredoingmuchmorethanjuststudyingwhenyouareatschool.Schoolis1.a__________theplacewhereyoulearntogetalongwellwithpeople.ButisnotalwayseasyWhatcanyoudoifyoujustdontlikeoneofyourclassmatesIfyou2.d__________thatyouhaveproblemsgettingalongwithyourclassmatesorfriends,themostimportantthingtolearnistolerance(寬容).ToleranceistheabilitytorealizeandrespectthedifferencesinothersWecannotchangethew_______thatotherpeopledo,soitisimportanttolearntolive4.h__________withthem.Tolerancewillmakeeveryonegetonbetterwitheachother.5.K__________othersconstantlymakesusunderstandothersdifferences.Somethingdifferentdoesnotexactlymeanthatitisbad.Tolerance6.t__________ustokeepaneventemper(溫和的脾氣)andanopenmind.Youneedtorememberanoldsaying,“Treatothers7.h__________youwanttobetreated.”Youwouldliketobetreatedkindlybyyourclassmates,soitisimportanttotreatthemkindlytoo.Ifyoutoleratesomething,itdoesnotmeanthatyouhavetolikeit.Nooneisaskingyoutochangewhoyouareorwhatyoubelievein.Tolerancejustmeansthatyou8.s__________respectthedifferencesinothersandnottotrytomakethemchange.Itisimportanttopracticetolerance,becauseitwillmake9.e__________lifeeasier.Learntoacceptpeoplefor10.t__________differentabilitiesandinterests.Theworldisverydifferent,andpracticingtoleranceinyourownschoolandcitycanhelpmakethingsbetter.Passage4Inmostschools,studentsinoneclasshavethesameschedule.ButatBeijingNationalDaySchooleachofthe4,174studentscanbuildtheir1.o__________classtimetable.Theschoolhasusedthisspecialeducationsystem2.s__________2011.Theschool3.p__________thestudentswithmanydifferentcourseswhicharebasedontheirinterestsandabilities.Eachofthecourses4.c__________ofdifferentdifficultylevels.Studentschoosetheirfavouritecoursesofdifferentdifficultylevelsbythemselves.Theydon’thavefixedclassroomsorregularclassmates.5.I__________,theyhavemorethan400coursesand272schoolclubstochoose6.f__________.Theschoolhopesstudentscanbecomemastersoftheirownstudyandenjoythecoursesofstudying.ThesystemishighlypraisedbytheMinistryofEducation.7.O__________February27th2014,theministryheldapressconferenceattheschooltoannouncethesystemtothewholecountry.Studentsalsolikethesystem.TianYatong,14,saidshelearnstoberesponsibleforherselfthroughthesystem.Shehaschosenlevel2(themediumlevel)formathbasedonherpresentabilities,8.a__________shehaspassedthelevel3tests.“Iliketheteacheroflevel2.Ithinkitworksbestforme,”saidTian.Thesystemalsoopensanewworldforstudents,said13-year-oldLiZixuan.Liwas9.a__________tofindthatshecouldlearncooking,sewing,makingfilmsandmanyotherinterestingthingsattheschool.Nootherschoolshavethesecoursesforstudents. “You’resuretofindonethatinterestsyou.”Lisaid.Lihaschosenacooking10.c__________thisterm.Nowshecanmakedifferentcakesathomeforherparents.“Imaybecomeapastry(點(diǎn)心)cookoneday.Whoknows?”Lisaid.Passage5America,a1.h__________whohassuperpowerandbeatshisenemieswithhisshield(盾牌).Twoyearson,CaptainAmericais2.n__________tosavetheworldagaininthemovieCaptainAmerica:TheWinterSoldier.Hemustfightahorriblebadguythathappenstobehisoldfriend.Themovie3.o__________onApril4ontheChinesemainland.Unlikesuperman,CaptainAmericaisnotfrom4.a__________planet.HeusedtobeahumannamedSteveRogers.ButafteratopsecretSuper-Soldierprojectinthe1940s,heturnedintothepowerfulandheroicCaptainAmerica.rldWarCaptainAmericagothandnearlybledtodeathThenhe“fellasleep”.Whenhewokeup,70yearshadpassed.Hebecameamemberofauniversalpeacekeepingorganization.ButsoonCaptainAmericafindsthatbesidesfightingagainstbadguys,hehastodeal6.w__________hisownhonesty,too.7.B__________heisfromthe1940s,themodernworldgiveshimmanyshocks.Modernscienceisnewtohiseyes.What’smore,hefindsthatinmodernsociety,it’shardertotellwho’srightandwrong.8.A__________youtakemaybegoodforsomepeople,but9.b__________forothers.That’stoughforthesuperherotoaccept.ButitisthesestrugglesthathavemadeCaptainAmericaalivelysuperhero.Gotoseethemovieandfindout10.w__________hecanmanagethemodernworldandbeatthebadguy.CaptainAmericawillshowyouhowtobuildapeacefulworld.Passage6WhenWomenWere“Ladies”Aslateas1800,women’sonlyplacewasinthehome.Theideaofwomeninthebusinessworldwasunthinkable.No“nice”womanwould1.d__________ofenteringwhatwasstrictlya“man’sworld”.Evenifshecould,whatwouldshedo?Menwerepositivethatnowomencoulddealwithajoboutsideherhome.Thiswassucha2.w__________acceptedideathatwhenthefamousBront?sistersbeganwritingbooksin1846,theydisguised(偽裝)themselvesbysigningtheirbooks3.w__________men’snames.Teachingwasthefirstprofession(職業(yè))opentowomensoonafter1800.Butevenso,thatwasnotan4.e__________professionforwomentoenterbecausemosthighschoolsandcollegeswereopenonlytomen.OberlinCollegeinOhiowasthefirstcollegeinAmericato5.a__________women.HospitalnursingbecamerespectableworkforwomenonlyafterFlorenceNightingalebecame6.f__________.Becauseshewasawealthyandculturedwoman,aswellasanurse,peoplebegantobelieveitwaspossibleforwomentonursethe7.s__________andstillbediesMissNightingaleopenedEnglandsfirsttrainingschoolfornursesinThe8.i__________ofthetypewriter(打字機(jī))in1867helpedtobringwomenoutofthehomeandintothebusinessworld.Becausewomenhadslender(纖細(xì)的),quick9.f__________,theylearnedtooperatetypewriterquicklyandwell.Businessmenfoundthattheyhadtohirewomenforthisnewkindofwork.By1900,thousandsofwomenwereworkingatrealjobsinschools,hospitals,andofficesinbothEnglandandAmerica.Somewomeneven10.m__________tobecomedoctorsorlawyers.Theideathat“nice”womencouldworkinthebusinessworldhadbeenaccepted.Passage7ThanksgivingisoneofthemostimportantholidaysintheUnitedStatesandCanada.InCanadaitiscelebratedonthesecondMondayofOctober,1.w__________intheUnitedStatesitiscelebratedonthefourthThursdayofNovember.OnThanksgivingDay,familiesandfriends2.g__________toenjoyaThanksgivingdinner,andthusThanksgivingDayislaboutMostpeoplebelievethatThanksgivinginAmerica3.s__________inPlymouth,Massachusettsin1621,whenanative-AmericanIndiantribe(部落)helpedagroupofEuropeansettlers—thePilgrims(朝圣者)—to4.s__________theawfulconditionsintheNewWorld.Thesettlersweresograteful(感激的)thattheysharedathree-dayharvestfeast(宴會(huì))withthetribe.Sincethen,Thanksgivinghasbecomealong-standing5.t__________inAmerica.UnliketheAmericantraditionofrememberingthehelpgivenbythenative-AmericanIndianstoPilgrimsintheNewWorld,ThanksgivinginCanadais6.s__________adayforCanadianstogivethanksforasuccessfulharvest.Becausetheharvestseasonfalls7.e__________inCanadathaninAmerica.ThanksgivinginCanadaiscelebratedinOctoberinsteadofNovember.Asthe8.n__________oftheholidaysays,Thanksgivingisaboutbeingthankful.ItisatimeforpeopletogivethankstoGod,anditisalsoatimewheneveryoneis9.r__________ofthethingsthattheyshouldbegratefulfor.Somepeopleoftenthinkaboutwhattheydonothave.Thanksgiving10.m__________themthinkaboutthegoodthingsthattheydohave.Thanksgivingisawonderfulholiday.However,weshouldallbethankfulforwhatwehaveonmorethanonedayayear.Passage8Puttingonaplaycanbefun.Actingcanbelikethe“Let’spretend”anddress-upgameschildrenplay.Actorspretend(扮演),foralittlewhile,tobeotherpeople.They1.t__________tolooklikeandtalkasotherpersonsdo.Professional(職業(yè)的)actorstakepartinplaysandtelevisionpro