閱讀基本功難句-插入結(jié)構(gòu)and分割結(jié)構(gòu)

1、Evening had now come, the last of Adolf Hitlers life.We live in a time when, more than ever before in history, people are moving about.Several neighbors hope to find safety in the only bomb shelter on their street when an announcement comes over the radio that enemy missiles are approaching.The will

2、ingness to recognize the value of these newer “unscientific” ways of doing science may be another instance of the human ability to adapt and survive, of which we spoke earlier.It is an activity you turn to for pleasure, not something that you have to do, like helping with the dishes.The tour races o

3、f France and Italy, held each year, cover more than 2,000 miles.While I was waiting to enter university, I saw advertised in a local newspaper a teaching post at a school in a suburb of London about ten miles from where I lived.The second aspect is the application by all members of society from the

4、government official to the ordinary citizen, of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work.I launched into a variation of the speech I had made for years, about how excessive tax rates can take away the incentive to produce, and how cutting taxes can generate growth.

5、Even his critics say the Ames test - his simple, inexpensive laboratory procedure that helps determine whether a substance might cause cancer - is a remarkable achievement.The cessation (停止)of the employment of extraordinary means to prolong the life of the body when there is irrefutable evidence th

6、at biological death is imminent (即將來(lái)臨的) is the decision of the patient and/or her immediate family.Although her characters were portrayedC 描繪) in many settings and situations, they all reflected, by the often tragic outcome of their lives, her profound conviction that no human could be happy if that

7、 happiness was rooted in the wretchedness (悲傷，痛苦)of another.I plan to see her soon in England, though not, she reminded me, again at 10 Downing Street.Evening had now come, (the last of Adolf Hitlers life).結(jié)構(gòu)：只有1個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：had come,分隔了主語(yǔ)evening和它的同位語(yǔ)(the last of Adolf Hitlers life)(the last of Adolf Hitl

8、ers life)由于較長(zhǎng)， 所以放在了后面。本句的原型是：Evening, (the last of Adolf Hitlers life), had now come.翻譯：阿道夫.希特勒生命中的最后一個(gè)夜晚已經(jīng)來(lái)臨了。We live in a time when, (more than ever before in history), people are moving about.結(jié)構(gòu)：共有2個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，主句的是live。(more than ever before in history) 分隔了定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞when和people are moving about。拆分為：We l

9、ive in a time.In a time people are moving about (more than ever before in history). 翻譯：在我們生活的時(shí)代中，人們四處奔波的程度遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)歷史上的任何時(shí)期。Several neighbors hope to find safety in the only bomb shelter on their street when an announcement comes over the radio that enemy missiles are approaching.結(jié)構(gòu)：共有3個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，主句的是hope。tha

10、t引導(dǎo)的是an announcement的 同位語(yǔ)從句，原型是 an announcement that enemy missiles are approaching comes over the radio。但是，由于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞太短，造成頭重腳輕，所以同位語(yǔ) 從句被放到了后面。拆分為：Several neighbors hope to find on their street.When an announcement comes over the radio.That enemy missiles are approaching.翻譯：當(dāng)電臺(tái)里面宣布敵人的導(dǎo)彈襲來(lái)的時(shí)候，有幾個(gè)鄰居希望能在街上

11、唯一的 避彈所里找到藏身之處。The willingness to recognize the value of these newer “unscientific” ways of doing science may be another instance of the human ability to adapt and survive, of which we spoke earlier.結(jié)構(gòu)：共有2個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，主句的是may be。主十是The willingnessmay be another instance-，。of which 引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾 the human a

12、bility， 被 to adapt and survive 分隔。The willingness to recognize the value of these newer “unscientific” ways of doing science may be another instance of the human ability to adapt and survive.We spoke of the human ability.翻譯：認(rèn)識(shí)到從事科學(xué)工作的一些更新穎的、“非科學(xué)”方法的價(jià)值的愿望，也 許是我們?cè)缦忍岬竭^(guò)的人類所具有的適應(yīng)能力和生存能力的另一個(gè)例子。It is an ac

13、tivity you turn to for pleasure, not something that you have to do, like helping with the dishes.結(jié)構(gòu)：共有3個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，主句的是is。主十為It is an activity，not something。you turn to for pleasure是一個(gè)省略了 that 的定語(yǔ)從句，修 飾 activity。修飾 something 的定語(yǔ)從句 that you have to do 分隔了 something 和它的另一個(gè)定語(yǔ)like helping with the dishes。拆分為：

14、It is an activity.You turn to the activity for pleasure.You have to do something.翻譯：這是一種你尋求快樂(lè)的活動(dòng)，而非像幫人刷盤(pán)子那樣的一些你不得不作的 事情。The tour races of France and Italy, (held each year), cover more than 2,000 miles.結(jié)構(gòu)：只有1個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。過(guò)去分詞(held each year)作為the tour races的 定語(yǔ)，被另一個(gè)定語(yǔ)of France and Italy分隔。當(dāng)一個(gè)名詞或代詞后面同時(shí)接 有兩個(gè)

15、以上的定語(yǔ)，或者名詞或代詞后面的定語(yǔ)被其他成分(例如狀語(yǔ)，插入語(yǔ)， 同位語(yǔ)等)隔開(kāi)時(shí)，稱為“分割定語(yǔ)”。例如：The man in old age who can see his life in this way will not suffer from the pain of death. in old age 分隔了 the man的定語(yǔ)從句。翻譯：環(huán)法國(guó)和意大利的巡回賽每年舉行，其行程長(zhǎng)達(dá)2,000多英里。While I was waiting to enter university, I saw (advertised in a local newspaper) a teaching

16、post at a school in a suburb of London about ten miles from where I lived.結(jié)構(gòu)：共有3個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，主句的是saw。主句的原型是I saw a teaching post (advertised in a local newspaper) at a school in a suburb of London。 (advertised in a local newspaper)也是 a teaching post 的定語(yǔ)，但是分隔 了 saw 和 a teaching post。之所以把(advertised in a loc

17、al newspaper) 提 到a teaching post之前，是因?yàn)橹骶涞脑椭?，a teaching post的后置定語(yǔ) 太長(zhǎng)，容易造成理解上的混亂。翻譯：當(dāng)我等待進(jìn)入大學(xué)期間，我看到當(dāng)?shù)氐囊患覉?bào)紙上登著一個(gè)教師職位的招 聘廣告，其所在的學(xué)校位于倫敦郊區(qū)，而那個(gè)地方離我的住處有大約10英里的 路程。The second aspect is the application (by all members of society from the government official to the ordinary citizen), of the special methods of

18、thought and action that scientists use in their work.結(jié)構(gòu)：共有2個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，主句的是is。(by all members of society from the government official to the ordinary citizen)分隔了 the application和它 的定語(yǔ)of the special methods。that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾the special methods。拆分為：The second aspect is the applicationof the special methods of t

19、hought and action.Scientists use the special methods of thought and action in their work. 翻譯：第二個(gè)方面是社會(huì)的全體成員，從政府官員到普通公民，都要使用科學(xué)家 在他們的工作中所使用的那些特殊的思考和行動(dòng)的方法。I launched into a variation of the speech I had made for years, about how excessive tax rates can take away the incentive to produce, and how cutting

20、 taxes can generate growth.結(jié)構(gòu)：共有4個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，主句的是launched into。I had made for years 是省略了 that的定語(yǔ)從句，分隔了 the speech和about o about后面是兩個(gè)并 列的賓語(yǔ)從句。拆分為：I launched into a variation of the speech about.I had made the speech for years.How excessive tax rates can take away the incentive to produce.How cutting taxes

21、can generate growth.翻譯：我做了一次與幾年前內(nèi)容不同的演講，談的是關(guān)于過(guò)高的稅率會(huì)如何挫傷 生產(chǎn)的積極性，以及減稅如何能夠促進(jìn)發(fā)展。Even his critics say the Ames test - his simple, inexpensive laboratory procedure that helps determine whether a substance might cause cancer - is a remarkable achievement.結(jié)構(gòu)： 共有 4 個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，主句的是 say。his simple, inexpensive labo

22、ratory procedure是一個(gè)很長(zhǎng)的同位語(yǔ)，分隔了賓語(yǔ)從句中的the Ames test和is a remarkable achievement。拆分為：Even his critics say.The Ames test is a remarkable achievement.His simple, inexpensive laboratory procedure helps determine.Whether a substance might cause cancer.翻譯：甚至連他的批評(píng)者都說(shuō)愛(ài)姆茲試驗(yàn)是一項(xiàng)非凡的成就。這種試驗(yàn)是一種簡(jiǎn) 單而又廉價(jià)的實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程，卻有助于確定某一種

23、物質(zhì)是否能夠造成癌癥。The cessation (停止)of the employment of extraordinary means to prolong the life of the body when there is irrefutable evidence that biological death is imminent (即將來(lái)臨的) is the decision of the patient and/or her immediate family.結(jié)構(gòu)：共有3個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，主句的是第三個(gè)is。主十是The cessationis the decision，但是主語(yǔ)與系動(dòng)詞

24、之間被長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的定語(yǔ)of the employment所分隔。 that引導(dǎo)evidence的同位語(yǔ)從句。拆分為：The cessation of the employment of extraordinary means to prolong the life of the body is the decision of the patient and/or her immediate family.When there is irrefutable evidence.That biological death is imminent.翻譯：當(dāng)有確鑿的證據(jù)證明病人即將進(jìn)入生物死亡時(shí)，停止采用非常

25、規(guī)手段來(lái)延 長(zhǎng)其生命的決定，應(yīng)該由病人和(或)其直系親屬做出。Although her characters were portrayed(描繪)in many settings and situations, they all reflected, (by the often tragic outcome of their lives), her profound conviction that no human could be happy if that happiness was rooted in the wretchedness (悲傷，痛苦)of another.結(jié)構(gòu)：共有4個(gè)謂

26、語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，主句的是reflectedo (by the often tragic outcome of their lives)分隔了 reflected 和它的賓語(yǔ) her profound convictiono that 引導(dǎo)了 her profound conviction的同位語(yǔ)從句。拆分為：Although her characters were portrayed (描繪)in many settings and situations.The all reflected her profound conviction.That no human could be happy.If

27、that happiness was rooted in the wretchedness of another.翻譯：雖然她描繪出的角色出現(xiàn)在各種背景和情節(jié)當(dāng)中，但是由于這些角色經(jīng)常 都是以悲劇而告終，因此他們都能反映出她深深地相信，如果把快樂(lè)建立在別人 的痛苦之上，那么沒(méi)有人會(huì)真的快樂(lè)。I plan to see her soon in England, though not, (she reminded me), again at 10 Downing Street.結(jié)構(gòu)：共有2個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，主句的是plan。(she reminded me)是分隔結(jié)構(gòu)。Though 實(shí)際上引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)省略

28、的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，其原型是though (it will) not (be) again at 10 Downing Stree t。拆分為：I plan to see her soon in England.Though (it will) not (be) again at 10 Downing Street.She reminded me.翻譯:我打算很快在英國(guó)見(jiàn)到她，雖然她提醒我地點(diǎn)將不再是在唐寧街10號(hào)了。A child hears it spoken from morning till night and, what is more important, always in its

29、genuine form, with the right pronunciation, right intonation, right use of words and right structure.Work, for most American and Chinese women aged 55 and under, involves responsibility for a household, a child or children, and a job outside the home as well.3.Still, he could not help thinking that

30、if anything should happen, the nearest person he could contact by radio, unless there was a ship nearby, would be on an island 885 miles away.Yet this other life has its interests, its enjoyments, its satisfaction, and, at certain rare intervals, a peaceful glow or a sudden excitement.Our knowledge

31、of social systems, therefore, while it is in many ways extremely inaccurate, is not likely to be seriously overturned by new discoveries.However, self-fulfillment is important to morality because unfulfilled citizens, no matter how virtuous, can not perform the duties morality assigns them.Informati

32、on and knowledge will become even more vital, and the people who possess it, whether they work in manufacturing or services, will have the advantage and produce the wealth.What I was being blamed for, it turned out, was a newspaper strike which made it necessary to hand-deliver the advertising inser

33、ts that normally are included with the Sunday paper.While we were waiting for the coffee, the head waiter, with an ingratiating smile on his false face, came up to us bearing a large basket full of huge apples.But a great book, rich in ideas and beauty, a book that rises and tries to answer great fu

34、ndamental questions, demands the most active reading of which you are capable.You found upon that a general law that all hard and green apples are sour; and that, so far as it goes, is a perfect induction.It is, everyone agrees, a huge task that the child performs when he learns to speak, and the fa

35、ct that he does so in so short a period of time challenges explanation.Computer crime, a phrase denoting illegal and surreptitious attempts to invade data banks in order to steal or modify records, or to release over computer networks software called a virus that corrupts data and programs, has grow

36、n at an alarming rate since the development of computer communications.Britain almost more than any other country in the world must seriously face the problem of building upwards, that is to say, of accommodating a considerable proportion of its population in high blocks of flats.A child hears it sp

37、oken from morning till night and, (what is more important), always in its genuine form, with the right pronunciation, right intonation, right use of words and right structure.結(jié)構(gòu)：共有2個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，其中主句的是hearso (what is more)是插入語(yǔ)，而 插入語(yǔ)并不重要。所以要先理解插入語(yǔ)兩端的內(nèi)容，再理解插入語(yǔ)。因此，對(duì)于 插入語(yǔ)，我們的處理方法是：“先讀兩端，再讀中間”。with后面的 rightright

38、and right是并列結(jié)構(gòu)。翻譯：兒童從早到晚都能聽(tīng)到別人在講(母語(yǔ))，而且更重要的是，聽(tīng)到的總是 一種正確的發(fā)音、語(yǔ)調(diào)、用詞以及語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的純正語(yǔ)言。Work, (for most American and Chinese women aged 55 and under), involves responsibility for a household, a child or children, and a job outside the home as well.結(jié)構(gòu)： 只有一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：involves。(for most American and Chinese women aged

39、55 and under)是插入語(yǔ)。本句的主十為：Work involves responsibilityo for 后面的內(nèi)容修飾 responsibility， a household, a child or children, and a job outside the home as well 為并列結(jié)構(gòu)。翻譯：對(duì)于大多數(shù)美國(guó)和中國(guó)的55歲或者以下的婦女而言，工作的全部職責(zé)包 括了負(fù)責(zé)家務(wù)、照顧孩子以及在家務(wù)之外還要上班。Still, he could not help thinking that if anything should happen, the nearest perso

40、n he could contact by radio, (unless there was a ship nearby), would be on an island 885 miles away.結(jié)構(gòu)：共有5個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為could not help。that引導(dǎo)think 的賓語(yǔ)從句。could contact屬于定于從句，省略了引導(dǎo)詞，修飾person。unless 引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，為插入語(yǔ)。拆分為：Still, he could not help thinking.That if anything should happen.The nearest person wou

41、ld be on away.he could contact the person.Unless there was a ship nearby.翻譯：他仍然忍不住想到，如果發(fā)生了什么意外，那么除非附近有條船，否則他 能用電臺(tái)聯(lián)系到的最近的人也885英里之外的島嶼上。Yet this other life has its interests, its enjoyments, its satisfaction, and, (at certain rare intervals), a peaceful glow or a sudden excitement. 結(jié)構(gòu)：只有1個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：hasits，

42、its，its，and aor a是并歹0 結(jié)構(gòu)，作為has的賓語(yǔ)。(at certain rare intervals)是插入語(yǔ)。翻譯：然而，這另一種生活也有其情趣、快樂(lè)、滿足，而且也偶爾伴隨著平靜的 喜悅或者突如其來(lái)的激動(dòng)。Our knowledge of social systems, (therefore), (while it is in many ways extremely inaccurate), is not likely to be seriously overturned by new discoveries.結(jié)構(gòu)：共有2個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，其中is not是主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。wh

43、ile引導(dǎo)的讓步 狀語(yǔ)從句，作為插入語(yǔ)，分隔了主語(yǔ)和系動(dòng)詞。拆分為：Our knowledge of social systems is not likely to be seriously overturned by new discoveries.While it is in many ways extremely inaccurate.翻譯：因此，雖然在很多方面，我們對(duì)社會(huì)體制的認(rèn)識(shí)極度不準(zhǔn)確，但是這些認(rèn) 識(shí)并不能夠被新的發(fā)現(xiàn)所正式推翻。However, self-fulfillment is important to morality because unfulfilled citiz

44、ens, (no matter how virtuous), can not perform the duties morality assigns them.結(jié)構(gòu)：共有2個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，其中is是主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。because引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ) 從句。(no matter how virtuous)是插入語(yǔ)，分隔了從句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)。拆分為：Self-fulfillment is important to morality.Because unfulfilled citizens can not perform the duties morality assigns them.翻譯：然而，自我實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)于道

45、德而言至關(guān)重要，因?yàn)闆](méi)有自我實(shí)現(xiàn)的公民，無(wú)論 多么有道德，都無(wú)法履行道德賦予他們的義務(wù)。Information and knowledge will become even more vital, and the people who possess it, (whether they work in manufacturing or services), will have the advantage and produce the wealth.結(jié)構(gòu)：共有4組謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，其中主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為will become和will have and produceo whether引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句為插

46、入語(yǔ)。拆分：Information and knowledge will become even more vital, and the people will have the advantages and produce the wealth.People possess it.Whether they work in manufacturing or services.翻譯：信息和知識(shí)將會(huì)變得更加重要，而且掌握它們的人們，不論是在制造業(yè)還 是服務(wù)業(yè)，都將會(huì)擁有優(yōu)勢(shì)，創(chuàng)造財(cái)富。What I was being blamed for, (it turned out), was a newsp

47、aper strike which made it necessary to hand-deliver the advertising inserts that normally are included with the Sunday paper.結(jié)構(gòu)：共有5個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，其中主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為was。What引導(dǎo)主句從句。(it turned out)為插入語(yǔ)。拆分為：What I was being blamed for was a newspaper strike.The strike made it necessary to hand-deliver the advertising ins

48、erts.The inserts normally are included with the Sunday paper.翻譯：原來(lái)，我因?yàn)橐粓?chǎng)報(bào)紙行業(yè)罷工而受到責(zé)備。罷工造成不得不用人工把那 些通常是夾在周日?qǐng)?bào)紙里面的廣告插頁(yè)遞送出去。While we were waiting for the coffee, the head waiter, (with an ingratiating smile on his false face), came up to us bearing a large basket full of huge apples.結(jié)構(gòu)：共有2個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，其中主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為

49、came up。(with an ingratiating smile on his false face)是插入語(yǔ)，分隔了主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)。Ingratiating這個(gè) 形容詞修飾smile，不認(rèn)識(shí)也不妨礙理解。拆分為：The head waiter came up to us bearing a large basket full of huge apples.While we were waiting for the coffee.翻譯：正在我們等咖啡上來(lái)的時(shí)候，領(lǐng)班面帶著奉承的微笑，走到我們跟前，帶 來(lái)了一大籃子的特大蘋(píng)果。But a great book, (rich in ideas a

50、nd beauty), (a book that rises and tries to answer great fundamental questions), demands the most active reading of which you are capable.結(jié)構(gòu)：共有3個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，其中demands是主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。(rich in ideas and beauty)和(& book that)是插入語(yǔ)。前者做a great book的后置定語(yǔ)，而后 者是a great book的同位語(yǔ)，起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的作用o that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾book， which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾read

51、ingo拆分為：A great book demands the most active reading.A book rises and tries to answer -questions.You are capable of the reading.翻譯：但是一本富于思想和美感的偉大的書(shū)能夠提出并試圖回答一些偉大的根本 問(wèn)題。這樣的書(shū)需要你盡最大所能來(lái)積極閱讀。You found upon that a general law that all hard and green apples are sour; and that, (so far as it goes), is a perfect induction.結(jié)構(gòu)：共有4個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，其中主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為found和is。分號(hào)前后的兩 句話是并列的主句。upon that等于because of that o第一個(gè)that指a general law。第二個(gè) that 引導(dǎo) a general law 的同位語(yǔ)從句。(so far as it goes) 是 插入語(yǔ)，意思是“迄今為止”。拆分為：You found upon that a general law.T