如何讀懂長難句

如何讀懂長難句？？？Themultiplicationtables(乘法口訣表)areanexceptiontoageneralrulesthatweforgetratherquicklythethingsthatwelearninschool,becausetheyareoneofthethingsweoverlearninthechildhood.英語和漢語像？不像？請翻譯：1.我愛你。Iloveyou.2.我在心中愛你。Iloveyouinmyheart.英語和漢語像？不像？請翻譯：1.我是個(gè)學(xué)生。Iamastudent.2.我是個(gè)高二的學(xué)生。IamastudentinSeniortwo.英語語法入門級(jí)規(guī)律主干部分：漢語和英語基本一致英語中有若干固定句型（如強(qiáng)調(diào)句/it做形式主語等句型）修飾成分：漢語多“前修”，而英語…較短修飾成分放在被修飾詞前面較長修飾成分放在被修飾詞后面把握英語句子，關(guān)鍵在于把握“較長修飾成分”1.介詞短語2.從句3.非謂語動(dòng)詞英語中的三種較長修飾成分介詞短語定義：從介詞開始到名詞結(jié)束，表達(dá)一個(gè)獨(dú)立的完整的含義的結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)：從介詞開始到名詞結(jié)束at

home;intheschoolbeyondmywildestimaginationduringmyhappychildhoodoverthelastfewyears介詞短語例句：AfterchattingwithLauraonthismatterfortwohoursfrom2:00to4:00intheafternoon,Ireturnedtomyoffice.介詞短語例句：(Afterchatting)

(withLaura)

(onthismatter)

(fortwohours)

(from2:00)

(to4:00)

(intheafternoon),Ireturned(tomyoffice).從句定義：由引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)：引導(dǎo)詞+主語+謂語+賓語，引導(dǎo)詞：that/who/whom/why/when/where/which/how/if/although…從句【起始標(biāo)識(shí)】從句一定從引導(dǎo)詞開始（有時(shí)可省略），但有以下四種終止標(biāo)識(shí)：1.到句尾終止：LiHuiisateacher(whoteachesEnglish).2.到逗號(hào)終止：(WhenIwasyoung),Ilistenedtotheradio.從句【起始標(biāo)識(shí)】從句一定從引導(dǎo)詞開始（有時(shí)可省略），但有以下四種終止標(biāo)識(shí)：3.到下一修飾成分終止：IwillinviteYaoMing(whowasatopbasketballplayer)toBeijing.4.到下一個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞終止：YaoMing(whowasatopbasketballplayer)

isstudyinginShanghai.非謂語動(dòng)詞定義：非謂語動(dòng)詞是指動(dòng)詞在句子中“不是謂語”時(shí)的幾種變化形式，即動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式，主要包括動(dòng)詞不定式，動(dòng)名詞和分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞）由非謂語開頭的、表達(dá)一個(gè)獨(dú)立的完整的含義的結(jié)構(gòu)叫做非謂語動(dòng)詞短結(jié)構(gòu)：非謂語動(dòng)詞+名詞+副詞非謂語動(dòng)詞【起始標(biāo)識(shí)】非謂語動(dòng)詞一定從動(dòng)詞不定式(todo)；動(dòng)名詞(doing)；分詞(現(xiàn)在分詞doing/過去分詞done)開始，同樣有四種終止標(biāo)識(shí)：1.到句尾終止：LiHuiisateacher(teachingEnglish).2.到句中的逗號(hào)終止：(ToimprovemyEnglish),Ioftenchatwithforeigners.非謂語動(dòng)詞【起始標(biāo)識(shí)】非謂語動(dòng)詞一定從動(dòng)詞不定式(todo)；動(dòng)名詞(doing)；分詞(現(xiàn)在分詞doing/過去分詞done)開始，同樣有四種終止標(biāo)識(shí)：3.到下一修飾成分終止：Jackwalkedin,(wavingconfidently)

(totheaudience).4.到下一謂語動(dòng)詞終止：Thehouse(madeofwood)

wasbuilt

(tosheltertherefugees).(完型)Heworkedharderandranlongerthananyoftheothers—perhapshesensedthattheabilitiesthatseemedtocome_______tosomanyothersdidnotcomenaturallytohim.A.strangely B.naturallyC.surprisingly D.excitelyWhen…,heexplainedthathehadspentallhismoneyheaccidentlygotonawrongbusandnowwastryingtogohome.When…,heexplainedthathehadspentallhismoney_____heaccidentlygotonawrongbusandnowwastryingtogohome.Themanlookingathissmart-phonewhilewalkingacrosstherailwaycrossinginNanjing______(have)acloseknockonOct.2.

Possibilitiesyouneverknewarewaitingforyou.______isresponsiblefortherapidreductionoffrogsisthatfarmersuseinsectcides(殺蟲劑)tokillpestsandfrogsgetkilledasaresultofdrinkingpoisonedwater._______causeresponsiblefortherapidreductionoffrogsisthatfarmersuseinsectcidestokillpestsandfrogsgetkilledasaresultofdrinkingpoisonwater.如何讀懂英語長難句？讀懂英語長難句的關(guān)鍵在于：識(shí)破句子中的介短、從句、非謂語從句v.s.非謂語Thisisatiger(whichisrunningfast)

(totheforest).Thisisatiger(whichischased)

(byahunter).LiHuiisateacher(whoteachesEnglish).teaching例句1：LiHuiisateacherteachingEnglishinBeijingwhichisthecapitalofChina.例句2：（2012年北京卷長難句）Theywillbeabletoclearawaythemysteryofmathmaticsandfacetheirstudieswithmoreconfidencethantheyeverimagined.注意：“and”是造成閱讀理解句子變難的重要因素。（平行并列結(jié)構(gòu)）比較狀語從句例句3：（2012年新課標(biāo)長難句）Themultiplicationtables(乘法口訣表)areanexceptiontoageneralrulesthatweforgetratherquicklythethingsthatwelearninschool,becausetheyareoneofthethingsweoverlearninthechildhood.that句子規(guī)律主干成分修飾成分基本句型漢英語序一致此外還有若干高級(jí)句型漢語中，修飾成分位于中心詞之前英語中，較短修飾成分位于中心詞之前，較長修飾成分位于中心詞之后主謂賓主系表注：漢語中系動(dòng)詞常省略，如“我（感覺）熱”注：therebe句型；it+be+adj.+forsbtodosth；強(qiáng)調(diào)句；倒裝句；祈使句；感嘆句等哪些短哪些長形容詞副詞介詞短語從句非謂語動(dòng)詞關(guān)于“平行并列結(jié)構(gòu)”定義：由“并列詞”and/or/but/aswellas/notonly…butalso/both…and…/either…or…/neither…nor…等，“含義相似、結(jié)構(gòu)相同”的并列項(xiàng)連接起來構(gòu)成的結(jié)構(gòu)。簡記為“AandB”或“A,BandC”原則上，只要“含義相似，結(jié)構(gòu)相同”的東西都能并列。讀句子時(shí)要注意意識(shí)到是誰和誰并列。形容詞并列：Mr.Smithisakind,patientandknowledgeableEnglishteacher.動(dòng)詞并列：WiththeInternet,peoplecannotonlyplaycomputergamesbutalsodoonlineshopping.副詞并列：Youaresupposedtoanswerthefollowingquestionsquicklyandaccurately.介短并列：Andthatgovernment(ofthepeople),(bythepeople)and(forthepeople)shallnotperish(fromtheearth).從句并列：I’vefinishedreadingthebookwhichwaswrittenbyMoYanandwhichyoulentmelastmonth.非謂語動(dòng)詞并列：Singingandlaughing,weheadedtothepark.整句并列：Thechildrencangowithusortheycanstayathome.

句子規(guī)律主干成分修飾成分基本句型漢英語序一致此外還有若干高級(jí)句型漢語中，修飾成分位于中心詞之前英語中，較短修飾成分位于中心詞之前，較長修飾成分位于中心詞之后主謂賓主系表注：漢語中系動(dòng)詞常省略，如“我（感覺）熱”注：therebe句型；it+be+adj.+forsbtodosth；強(qiáng)調(diào)句；倒裝句；祈使句；感嘆句等哪些短哪些長形容詞副詞介詞短語從句非謂語動(dòng)詞三個(gè)步驟讀懂長難句Step1【預(yù)處理】：給“三長”加括號(hào)，給“并列詞”(and,or,but,aswellas等)加方框，給“并列項(xiàng)”(A…andB…)加三角注1：先找B，后找AA與B結(jié)構(gòu)相同、含義相似Iliketheboxyoupromisedtogivemeandtheflower(inyourhand).例句6：（2012年江蘇卷難句）TheDepartmentofAgriculturehasprogramsaimedatdevelopingmorefarmersandatincreasinginterestinlocallygrownfood.語法填空1：Igotonthebusandfoundaseatneartheback,andthenInoticedaman_______(sit)atthefront.He____________(pretend)thatatigertoywasrealandgivingitavoice.sittingwaspretending語法填空2：Ourmodernlifeischangingoureatinghabits.We__________(spend)toomuchtimeinfrontofTVorcomputersandbecoming“couchpotatoes”or“mousepotatoes”.arespending三個(gè)步驟讀懂長難句Step1【預(yù)處理】：給“三長”加括號(hào)，給“并列詞”(and,or,but,aswellas等)加方框，給“并列項(xiàng)”(A…andB…)加三角注2：一旦出現(xiàn)下一修飾成分，就果斷將上一修飾成分結(jié)束掉，不管上一修飾成分本身結(jié)束了沒有。Thenumberofcaloriesweneed_______(vary)dependingonwhatkindofbodywehave(areweshort,tall,heavyetc.)and______activeweare.三個(gè)步驟讀懂長難句Step2【做直譯】：一個(gè)括號(hào)一個(gè)括號(hào)地翻譯LiHuiisateacher(teachingEnglish)

(inBeijing)

(whichisthecapital)

(ofChina).李輝是老師–教英語–在北京–它是首都–中國的注3：英語是一門“掛鉤”的語言，每個(gè)括號(hào)里的第一個(gè)單詞，都稱為掛鉤單詞，可以通過利用每個(gè)掛鉤提問和回答問題，將一個(gè)個(gè)括號(hào)連接起來。例句2：（2012年北京卷長難句）Theywillbeabletoclearawaythemysteryofmathmaticsandfacetheirstudieswithmoreconfidencethantheyeverimagined.of

with

to

than

例句3：（2012年新課標(biāo)長難句）Themultiplicationtables(乘法口訣表)areanexceptiontoageneralrulesthatweforgetratherquicklythethingsthatwelearninschool,becausetheyareoneofthethingsthatweoverlearninthechildhood.to

that

that

in

because

of

that

in

三個(gè)步驟讀懂長難句Step3【調(diào)語序】：后修變前修，增刪個(gè)別詞LiHuiisateacher(teachingEnglish)

(inBeijing)

(whichisthecapital)

(ofChina).李輝是老師–教英語–在北京–它是首都–中國的李輝是一名老師，他在中國的首都北京教英語。例句5：（2009年山東卷難句）Hello.It’soneofthefirstwordswelearntasbabies;it’soneofthelastwordswethinktouseasadults.That’sunfortunately,becausesayinghelloismorethanjustsayinghello;it’srecognitionofanother’sworth.例句7：（2012年山東卷難句）Ifyoustartedtodryclothesinthemorningandforgottotakethemout,youcangotoyourphoneandrestartyourdryerforthetimewhencomehome,soyourclothesarerefreshedandreadytogo.例句8：（2012新課標(biāo)卷難句）Grown-upsareoftensurprisedbyhowwelltheyremembersomethingtheylearnedaschildbuthaveneverpracticedeversince.背單詞/短語/句型是為了讀懂句子讀懂句子是為了讀懂段落讀懂段落是為了讀懂文章結(jié)構(gòu)和主題段落的秘密——看懂文章做對題

句子段落=+

邏輯T:Topicsentence 主題句E:Explanation 解釋句E:Example舉例子C:Conclusion 總結(jié)句邏輯連詞；邏輯副詞代詞【2012新課標(biāo)全國卷·D】Grown-upsareoftensurprisedbyhowwelltheyremembersomethingtheylearnedaschildrenbuthaveneverpracticedeversince.Amanwhohasnothadachancetogoswimmingforyearscanstillswimaswellaseverwhenhegetsbackinthewater.Hecangetonabicycleaftermanyyearsandstillrideaway.Hecanplaycatchandhitaballaswellashisson.Amotherwhohasnotthoughtaboutthewordsforyearscanteachherdaughterthepoemthatbegins"Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar"orrememberthestoryofCinderellaorGoldilocksandtheThreeBears.AmanAmotherHeHeGrown-upsareoftensurprisedbyhowwelltheyremembersomethingtheylearnedaschildrenbuthaveneverpracticedeversince.Oneexplanationisthelawofoverlearning,whichcanbestatedasfollows:Oncewehavelearnedsomething,additionallearningtrialsincreasethelengthoftimewewillrememberit.Inchildhoodweusuallycontinuetopracticesuchskillsasswimming,bicycleriding,andplayingbaseballlongafterwehavelearnedthem.Wecontinuetolistentoandremindourselvesofwordssuchas"Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar"andchildhoodtalessuchasCinderellaandGoldilocks.Wenotonlylearnbutoverlearn.weOneexplanationisthelawofoverlearning,whichcanbestatedasfollowsweweweWeWeWenotonlylearnbutoverlearn.Themultiplicationtables(乘法口訣表)areanexceptiontothegeneralrulethatweforgetratherquicklythethingsthatwelearninschool,becausetheyareanotherofthethingsweoverlearninchildhood.Thelawofoverlearningexplainswhycramming(突擊學(xué)習(xí))foranexamination,thoughitmayresultinapassinggrade,isnotasatisfactorywaytolearnacollegecourse.Bycramming,astudentmaylearnthesubjectwellenoughtogetbyontheexamination,butheislikelysoontoforgetalmosteverythinghelearned.Alittleoverlearning,ontheotherhand,isreallynecessaryforone'sfuturedevelopment.ThemultiplicationtablesThelawofoverlearningexplainswh