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非謂語動詞非謂語動詞包括動詞不定式、動名詞和分詞三種,其中分詞包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞。非謂語動詞在句中不能單獨作謂語,不受主語的人稱和數(shù)的限制。非謂語動詞既有動詞性質(zhì)(比如可以有自己的賓語、狀語等),又有非動詞性質(zhì)(比如動名詞相當于名詞;分詞相當于形容詞和副詞;不定式相當于名詞、形容詞和副詞等)。構(gòu)成句子成分不定式to+動詞原形除謂語外的任何成分有將要之間動名詞doing主語賓語表語定語狀語賓補表一般情況分詞現(xiàn)在分詞doing表語賓補定語狀語主動、進行過去分詞done表語賓補定語狀語被動、完成動詞不定式動詞不定式可以在句中作賓語、賓語補足語和目的狀語等。動詞不定式由“to+動詞原形”構(gòu)成,有時to可以省略。動詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化,其否定形式為“not+動詞不定式”。e.g.TolearnEnglishwellisdifficult.動詞不定式作主語時,為了保持句子平衡,常用it代替它作形式主語,而將真正的主語——動詞不定式后置,上面的例句常寫為:It’sdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.考點一:作主語。形式主語代替動詞不定式的常用句型為:It’s+adj.+(of/forsb.)todosth.或It’s+n.+(forsb.)todosth.。e.g.It’sverynice
ofyoutooffermeaseat.
It’sverydangerousforchildren
tocrossthebusystreet.
Itwasgreatfun
tohaveapicnicthere.考點二:作賓語。常跟動詞不定式作賓語的動詞有agree,afford,decide,determine,expect,fail,hope,learn,offer,prepare,plan,promise,refuse,want等。注意:在find,
think等后跟動詞不定式作賓語時,常用it作形式賓語,而將真正的賓語——動詞不定式后置。e.g.I
find
it
hard
to
get
along
with
him.
中考鏈接1.Vivianrefuses___herchildrentotheweekendtrainingcentreforextraclasses.(2017上海)A.tosendB.sendingC.sentD.sends2.Weonlyplanned____theplayforanhour,butintheend,westayedforthreehours.(2017天津)A.watchB.watchesC.towatchD.watchedAC3.—Doyouhaveanyplansforthecomingvacation?—Sure.Wedecide____SanshainJuly.(2017重慶A卷)A.visitB.visitingC.visitedD.tovisit4.—Jack,whyhaveyoudecided___Chinesefolkmusicasacourses.—TolearnmoreaboutChineseculture.(2017江蘇蘇州)A.takeB.takenC.takingD.totakeDD5.Nowadays,it’sconvenientandcheapforus_____ashared-bicycle.(2017昆明)A.rideB.torideC.flyingD.tofly6.—Mario,yourmobilephoneisringing.—Waitaminute.It’sdangerousforus___itwhilecrossingthestreet.(2017四川南充)A.answeringB.toanswerC.answerD.answeredBB6.Thegirlstudentsarediscussing_____thewallsintheclassroom.(2017江蘇宿遷)A.whattopaintcolorB.topaintwhatcolorC.whichcolortopaintD.topaintwhichcolorC7.Theydecided_____abridgeovertheriver.(2015四川遂寧)A.buildB.tobuildC.building8.I
wanted
to
see
the
Beijing
Opera,
so
Lingling
offered
____
me
to
watch
an
opera.
(2016天津)A.took
B.takes
C.to
take
D.takingBC9.She
said
she
hoped
______her
daughter.
(2016湖南邵陽)A.to
see
B.you
to
see
C.seeing10.I
can’t
tell
you
what
she
said.
I’ve
promised
_____
it
a
secret.
(2016上海)
A.keep
B.to
keep
C.keeping
D.kept
AB考點三:作賓語補足語。1.
一些動詞后常跟動詞不定式作賓語補足語,這類動詞有allow,call,want,tell,advise,ask,warn,encourage,invite,order,teach等。提示:help跟的賓語補足語既可以是帶to
的動詞不定式,也可以是不帶to的動詞不定式。
e.g.Canyouhelpthegirl(to)movethechair?2.
使役動詞(如make,let等)及感官動詞(如see,feel,hear,watch,notice等)后跟動詞不定式作賓語補足語時需省略to。注意在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時要加上to。
e.g.Isawayoungmanentertheroom.Shewasoftenheardtosingthissong.中考鏈接1.Tokeepchildrenawayfromdanger,wewarnparents____childrenathomealone.(2017湖北孝感)A.leaveB.toleaveC.notleaveD.nottoleave2.—Ididn’thearyoucomeinjustnow.—That’sgood.Itried___thebabyup.(2017四川樂山)A.towakeB.nottowakeC.wakingDB3.Ourteacheroftenadvisesus_____thehabitofmakingnoteswhilereading.(2016蘇州)
A.
todevelop
B.
develop
C.
to
developing
D.
developing4.You
should
ask
Bob
___
his
own
clothes.Heistenyearsoldnow.(2016重慶A卷)A.washB.washesC.washingD.towashAD5.We
advise
parents
______
their
children
at
home
alone
in
order
to
keep
them
away
from
danger.(2016黑龍江東)A.
not
to
leave
B.
not
leave
C.
not
leaving
A考點四:作定語。動詞不定式可以作名詞的定語;還可在某些句型中作定語,與所修飾的名詞是動賓關系。e.g.Ihaven’thadthechancetothinkyet.
(作名詞的定語)提示:動詞不定式作定語修飾名詞且為動賓關系時,如果動詞為不及物動詞,后面要加上相應的介詞。e.g.Tina
has
no
paper
to
write
on.
Joining
a
summer
camp
is
a
greatchance
____
free
time
with
your
friends.
(2016吉林)A.spendB.spendingC.tospendC中考鏈接考點四:
作狀語。動詞不定式作狀語往往表示原因、目的、結(jié)果等。e.g.Theyweresurprisedtofindthatnobodywasinthehouse.
(表示原因)
Togetagoodseatshearrivedatthehallearly.
(表示目的)Theboyisoldenoughtotakecareofhimself.
(表示結(jié)果)
說明:1.hadbetter,
wouldrather,
Whynot...?,Will/Wouldyouplease...?后面接不帶to的動詞不定式。
e.g.Tocatchtheearlybus,you’dbettergetupearlytomorrowmorning.2.
動詞不定式可以和疑問詞what,
which,
how,where,
when等連用,構(gòu)成動詞不定式的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)。
e.g.Canyoutellmewheretobuyamap?中考鏈接1.Wheneverwekidscomeover,AuntieSusanjuststandsthereandwatchesus___surewedon’tbreakanything.(2017河南)
A.
make
B.
made
C.
to
makeD.
making2.Asavolunteer,thegirlwantstovisitsickkidsinthehospital___themup.(2016山東青島)A.tocheerB.cheerC.cheeringD.cheeredCA3.—
I’llhaveaten-dayholiday.ButIdon’tknow______.
—
HowaboutParis?
(2016成都)
A.whattodo
B.
wheretogoC.
whentogoB4.The
Chinese
team
are
working
hard
____honors
in
the
2016Olympic
Games.
(2016湖南株洲)A.to
win
B.win
C.winning
5.It’s
getting
dark.
You’d
better
_____out
by
yourself.
It’s
dangerous.(2016四川宜賓)A.not
go
B.not
to
go
C.to
go
AA6.I
bought
a
big
box
________
books
for
kids
in
poor
areas.
(2016吉林長春)A.
collects
B.
to
collect
C.
collect
D.
collectedB動詞-ing形式動詞的-ing形式由“動詞原形+-ing”構(gòu)成,其否定形式為“not+動詞的-ing形式”。動詞的-ing形式在句中可以作主語、賓語、表語、定語、賓語補足語等??键c一:作主語。動名詞作主語和動詞不定式作主語,在很多情況下可以通用。e.g.Playing/Toplaycomputergamestoomuchisbadforyoureyes.
_____isthebestwaytokeepagoodrelationshipwithyourparents,teachersandotherpeoplearoundyou.ActivecommunicatingB.ActivelycommunicatingC.ActivelycommunicationD.Activecommunicate中考鏈接B考點二:作賓語。1.在初中階段我們需要掌握的后跟動詞-ing形式作賓語的詞語有dislike,consider,enjoy,finish,imagine,keep,mind,practice,suggest,giveup,putoff,keepon,bebusy,havefun,beafraidof,begoodat,beinterestedin,beusedto,lookforwardto,feellike,thanksfor等。
2.
有些及物動詞(如like,
love,
hate,
begin,
start等)既可以跟動詞的-ing形式作賓語,也可以跟動詞不定式作賓語,且意思上沒什么差別。如:
e.g.Doyoulikereading/toread?
3.
有些及物動詞(如remember,
forget,
stop,
try等)既可以跟動詞的-ing形式作賓語,也可以跟動詞不定式作賓語,但意義有別。
forget/remembertodosth.
忘記
/
記得要做某事forget/rememberdoingsth.
忘記
/
記得做過某事stoptodosth.
停下來去做某事stopdoingsth.
停止做某事
trytodosth.
設法做某事trydoingsth.
嘗試做某事needtodosth.
需要去做某事needdoing
需要被做meantodosth.
打算去做某事meandoingsth.
意味著做某事usedtodosth.
過去常常做某事beusedtodoingsth.
習慣于做某事中考鏈接1.Theworkersarebusy___windowstothenewbuildingthesedays.(2017上海)
A.
fix
B.
fixed
C.
fixingD.tofix2.Daveisagoodboyandhealwaysfinishes___hishomeworkontime.(2017重慶B卷)A.doB.didC.doesD.doingCD3.—NowadayslotsofproductsfromChinaareverypopularintheworld.
—Yeah!Manypeoplecanhardlyavoid___productsmadeinChina.(2017湖北黃岡)
A.
tobuyB.
buying
C.
boughtD.
buyB4.
We
feel
like
_____
some
food
and
drink
because
we’ll
invite
some
friends_____in
a
party.(2016黑龍江齊齊哈爾)A.buying,
to
join
B.to
buy,
joining
C.buying,
join
A5.After
she
finished
______the
story,
Alice
wrote
a
review
for
her
school
newspaper.
(2016上海)A.read
B.reads
C.to
read
D.reading6.Bruce
practices
________
basketball
every
day
so
that
he
can
be
a
better
player.
(2016海南)A.
play
B.
to
play
C.
playingDC7.My
father
used
to
drive
to
work,
but
he
is
used
to
______
now.
(2016貴州六盤水)A.walking
B.walked
C.walks
D.walkA考點三:賓語補足語一些動詞既可以接動詞不定式又可接動詞-ing形式,作賓語補足語的有區(qū)別。感官動詞(如see,watch,notice,hear,feel等)
后既可跟不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語,也可以跟動詞-ing形式作賓語補足語。前者表示動作的全過程,后者表示動作正在進行。
中考鏈接1.Chinahasseenatrend(潮流)of____sharedbikessincelastyear.
(2017江蘇鹽城)A.ride
B.riding
C.take
D.taking2.MyfavoriteTVprogramis
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