新東方中高級口譯口試詞匯必備C2society

CHAPTER2SOCIETY社會____________________________________編者提示:社會及社會問題話題與我們生活息息相關(guān),是口譯考試的每一個階段每個部分(筆試,口語,口譯)都可能出現(xiàn)的.本章對一些較難理解的表達(dá)比如“Kinseysix”(金賽六級)等詞匯進(jìn)行了詳析.SECTIONI:英譯中Aabortion[]n.人工流產(chǎn),墮胎abuseofpowern.濫用職權(quán)academicsocietyn.學(xué)術(shù)社團(tuán)altruism[]n.利他主義,利他[詳析]sacrificeoftheselfforthewelfareofothers.anagingpopulationn.人口老齡化asylum[]n.庇護(hù)(一國政府對他國政治難民提供的保護(hù)和豁免)Bbenevolent[]adj.樂善好施的[glossary][擴(kuò)展]abenevolentfund施善基金acharitablefoundation[]慈善基金eleemosynaryrelief[]施舍性的救濟(jì)；philanthropiccontributions[]慈善捐獻(xiàn)bigamy[]n.重婚birthraten.人口出生率burglarproofdoor/antitheftdoor[]n.防盜門Ccasuistry[]判斷是非(使用倫理學(xué)的基本原理判斷行為對錯或良心是非)chaineffect;dominoeffect[]n.連鎖反應(yīng)charitableadj.慈善的,仁慈的civicmorality n.社會公德communityn.社區(qū)communityofnationsn.國際社區(qū),國際社會communityservicen.社區(qū)服務(wù)corruptionn.貪污courtofethicsn.道德法庭crimen.犯罪[glossary][擴(kuò)展]arson[]n.縱火,縱火罪complaintcentern.投訴中心crimescommittedbyMafia-likegangsn.黑惡勢力犯罪drugrehabilitationcenter[]n.戒毒所drugtrafficker[]n.毒梟drug-relatedcrimesn.毒品犯罪embezzlement[]n.盜用公款frequentproperty-relatedcrimesn.多發(fā)性侵財犯罪juveniledelinquency[]n.青少年犯罪narcoticssquad[]n.緝毒隊organizedcrimen.集團(tuán)犯罪robberyn.搶劫sexualharassment[]n.性騷擾shoplifting[]n.在商店偷竊商品smuggling[]n.走私theft[]n.偷竊行為violentcrimesn.暴力犯罪Ddemography[]/larithmics[]n.人口學(xué),人口統(tǒng)計學(xué)[glossary][擴(kuò)展]sizen.數(shù)量growthn.增長情況density[]n.密度distributionn.分布vitalstatisticsn.人口動態(tài)統(tǒng)計demogram[]n.人口統(tǒng)計圖socialdemographyn.社會人口學(xué)economicdemographyn.經(jīng)濟(jì)人口學(xué)DINK(DoubleIncomeNoKids)[]n.丁克一族discrimination[]n.歧視[glossary][擴(kuò)展]agediscriminationn.年齡歧視discriminationagainstwomenn.歧視婦女Feminism[]n.男女平等主義；女權(quán)運動Feministmovementn.女權(quán)運動femininity[]n.婦女特質(zhì),柔弱性,溫柔gender/sexualdiscriminationn.性別歧視jobdiscriminationn.工作歧視malechauvinism[]n.男權(quán)主義思想politicallycorrect(PC)adj.政治性正確的[詳析]aspeechcodedesignedtolimitfreespeech,conformingtoabeliefthatlanguageandpracticeswhichcouldoffendpoliticalsensibilities(asinmattersofsexorrace)shouldbeeliminated.10.politicallyincorrectadj.政治性不正確的11.Masculism[]adj.提倡保護(hù)男權(quán)的[詳析]Theideologicalflipsideoffeminism.Itteachesthatsexualequalitylawsserveprimarilywomenandhavecreatedsignificantunconstitutionaldiscriminationagainstmen.Thattheselawsare"anti-male"discriminationlawshavebeenusedtojustifythevilificationofmenandthecurtailingofmen'srights.12.masculinity[]n.男性,陽剛之氣13.sexism[]n.男性至上主義,蔑視女性[詳析]discriminationagainstwomeninjobopportunities,education,military,etc.sexualharassmentn.性騷擾disparityn.不一致,不同,不等drugabusen.吸毒Eegalitarian[]adj.主張人人平等的n.平等主義eliminateterrorismatroot消除恐怖主義的根源emotionquotient(EQ)[]n.情商Fforum[]n.論壇favorablelocationn.地理優(yōu)勢familyn.[擴(kuò)展]1.immediatefamilyn.直接家庭成員(雙親和依附的孩子)2.extendedfamilyn.大家庭,擴(kuò)大的家庭(如數(shù)代同堂的家庭)3.familytreen.族譜,家譜圖4.relativen.親屬,親戚5.fosterfathern.養(yǎng)父6.legalguardian[]n.法定監(jiān)護(hù)人7.stepmothern.繼母8.in-law[]n.姻親9.ex-husbandn.前夫10.adopteddaughtern.養(yǎng)女11.nephew[]n.侄子,外甥12.niece[]n.侄女,甥女13.cousin[]n.堂兄弟姊妹,表兄弟姊妹14.secondcousinn.第二代堂兄妹,第二代表兄妹Ggamblingn.賭博gayn./adj.同性戀者（的）[glossary][擴(kuò)展]1.bisexual[]adj.雙性戀的n.雙性戀者2.dike(dyke)[](蔑)n.搞同性戀的女人3.dragv./n.(男穿)女裝,(女穿)男裝4.dragqueenn.好在公共場合裝扮成女性的男性5.effeminate[]adj.柔弱的,女人氣的,嬌氣的6.faggot[](貶)n.男性同性戀7.gaycommunityn.同性戀社團(tuán)8.gaydar[]n.同性戀雷達(dá)(辨認(rèn)是否為‘同志’)9.heterosexual[]adj.異性戀的n.異性戀的人10.homophobia[]n.對同性戀的憎惡（或恐懼）11.homosexualadj.同性戀的n.同性戀者12.homosexualmarriagen.同性婚姻13.Kinseysix[]n.金賽六級（徹頭徹尾的同性戀者）[詳析]apersonwhoiscompletelyhomosexual,asopposedtoonewithsomebisexualinclinations.sexresearcheralfredkinseydevelopedascalefrom0to6toindicateasubject'ssexualorientation.apersonwithnohomosexualfeelingswasrankedazero.someoneexclusivelyhomosexualwasa6.14.lesbian[]n.女性同性戀者15.lez[]n.[貶]女同性戀者16.outoftheclosetn.公開自己的同性取向17.queer[]n.同性戀者18.sexualorientationn.性取向19.transgendered(TG)[]adj.變性的20.transsexualadj.有異性轉(zhuǎn)化欲的n.變性者21.transvestite[]n.異性模仿欲,易裝癖者grant-in-aidn.補(bǔ)助金,贈款geographiclocationn.地理位置geographicadvantagen.地理優(yōu)勢grayincomen.灰色收入Hhardenedprofessional(criminal)n.慣犯haveanaffair/anultra-marriageaffairn.婚外戀hedonism[]n.享樂主義homefortheaged/seniors'homen.敬老院Iilliteracy[]n.文盲incomedisparity[]n.收入分化；貧富分化infantmortality[]n.嬰兒死亡率IPR(intellectualpropertyright)n.知識產(chǎn)權(quán)[glossary][擴(kuò)展]piracy[]n.非法翻印,盜版bootlegn./v.盜版copyrightlawn.版權(quán)法copyrightlicensingbusinessn.版權(quán)貿(mào)易copyrightreserved;copyrightedadj.版權(quán)所有royaltyn.版稅author'sroyalty[]n.著者版稅,作者稿酬copyrightroyaltyn.版稅,版權(quán)費fightagainstillegalpublicationsv.“打非”undergroundpublicationsn.地下出版物anti-fakelabeln.防偽標(biāo)志Llawofthejunglen.弱肉強(qiáng)食法則lawsuit[]n.訴訟[glossary][擴(kuò)展]lawyern.律師attorney[]n.<美>律師prosecutor[]n.公訴人caseofpublicprosecutionn.公訴案件winalawsuitv.勝訴appealtoahighercourtv.上訴chargev./n.控告dropalawsuitv.撤消控告courtofappealsn.上訴法庭barrister[]n.(在英國有資格出席高等法庭并辯護(hù)的)律師,法律顧問solicitor[]n.（多用于英國）初級律師，只能在低級法庭出庭的律師barassociationn.律師協(xié)會suspect[]n.犯罪嫌疑人defendant[]n.被告plaintiff[]n.起訴人,原告capitalpunishmentn.死刑guiltyadj.有罪verdict[]n.[律](陪審團(tuán)的)裁決,判決書serveone’sterminprisonv.服刑bail[]v./n.保釋finev./n.罰款juryn.陪審團(tuán)lifesentencen判處無期徒刑notary/notarization[]n.公證人/公證Mmakepublic;exposev.曝光MalthusianTheoryofPopulation[]n.馬爾薩斯人口論material/spiritualculturen.物質(zhì)/精神文化Metrosexual[]n.（支持同性戀運動，追隨同性戀時尚的而自身并非同性戀的）都市型男[詳析]Atermtodescribeastraightmanwhoembracesthegayandlesbianmovements.

Generallyaheterosexualurbanmale,whoisvain,self-indulgentandgroomshimselfinclothingrecommendedby

homosexuals.

Akindofnarcissistic,insecuremasculinityshapedbyfilm,advertising,andfashionableexpensive

clothes.minimumwagen.最低工資moneyworshipn.拜金主義moralityn.道德PPandora'sbox[]潘多拉魔盒pluralism[]n.多元文化論[詳析]theviewthattheworldcontainsmanykindsofexistent,whichintheiruniquenesscannotbereducedtojustoneortwo.polarizationofrichandpoor n.貧富懸殊popularityrate[]n.普及率povertyalleviation[]n.扶貧PovertyReliefOfficen.扶貧辦公室pro-choice[]adj.主張人工流產(chǎn)為合法的proposalsn.提議,建議Rracism[]n.種族主義[擴(kuò)展]acculturation[]n.文化適應(yīng)assimilation[]n.同化,同化作用antiracismeducation[]n.反種族主義教育colonialism[]n.殖民主義ethniccleansing[]n.種族清理(種族滅絕)ethnicgroupn.同種同文化之民族ethnocentrism[]n.民族優(yōu)越感racen.人種stereotype[]n.成見genocide[]n.有計劃的滅種和屠殺Anti-Semite[]adj./n.反猶份子(的)racialdiscriminationn.種族歧視bias[]n.偏見reinstatementn.復(fù)原,復(fù)職Ssabotage[]n.陰謀破壞,怠工,破壞vi./vt。破壞single-parentfamilyn.單親家庭socialevilsn.社會丑惡現(xiàn)象socialwelfaren.社會福利[擴(kuò)展]foodstampsn.食品救濟(jì)券foreignaidn.外援Medicaid[]n.[美]醫(yī)療補(bǔ)助publiceducation公共教育,學(xué)校教育socialsecurityn.社會保障soupkitchenn.(救濟(jì)貧民,災(zāi)民的)施舍處,流動廚房societyn.社會,社團(tuán)societalproblemsn.社會問題standingrulesn.(社會細(xì)節(jié))章程Uurbanlegend[]n.都市傳奇[詳析]astoryofdoubtfulauthenticityinvolvingincidentsoftherecentpast,oftenincludingelementsofhumorandhorror,thatspreadsquicklyandbelievedtobetrue.Vvalues n.價值觀viciouscircle[]n.惡性循環(huán)virtuouscircle[]n.良性循環(huán)viewsonlifen.人生觀Wwayoflife/lifestyle n.生活方式SECTIONII:中譯英愛國衛(wèi)生運動patrioticpublichealthcampaign愛國運動patrioticmovement保障婦女、未成年人和殘疾人的合法權(quán)益protectlegitimaterightsandinterestsofwomen,minorsandthehandicapped殘疾人thedisabled;(P.C.)thedifferentlyabled成年(到法定年齡)comeofage城市居民citydweller;urbanite村民委員會villagerscommittee大齡青年singleyouthabovethenormalmatrimonialage單親singleparent抵制運動boycott吊銷執(zhí)照revokelicense獨生子女theonlychildinone'sfamily分工協(xié)作coordinationanddistributionofresponsibilities福利彩票welfarelotteries公民citizen戶口簿residencebooklet戶口管理制度residenceregistrationsystem紀(jì)念活動commemorativeactivity家政服務(wù)householdmanagementservice結(jié)婚getmarried離婚divorce再婚remarry居委會neighborhoodcommittee/residents'committee流動人口transientpopulation民工migrantlaborer名人celebrity謀生makealiving農(nóng)村剩余勞動力surplusrurallabor(laborers)派出所localpolicestation貧富分化polarizationofwealth 乞丐beggar棄嬰abandonedchild;foundling青春期puberty青少年時代adolescence全國人口普查nationwidecensus 全民健身運動nationwidefitnesscampaign人口素質(zhì)qualityofpopulation日常活動dailyactivities日常生活dailylife;everydaylife掃黃運動anti-porndrive/campaign社會保險socialinsurance社會地位socialstatus社會福利彩票socialwelfarelotteries社會穩(wěn)定socialstability社交socialize社交活動socialactivities滲透、顛覆和分裂活動infiltrative,subversiveandsplittistactivities生活津貼allowanceforlivingexperiences生活困難bebadly-off生活條件livingconditions市民citizen,cityresident適者生存survivalofthefittest壽命lifespan水貨smuggledgoods送溫暖工程heart-warmingproject提高思想道德素質(zhì)upgradetheideologicalandethicalstandards 體力勞動physicallabor;manualwork體育彩票sportslotteries同胞compatriot文明祥和civilityandharmony務(wù)工農(nóng)民migrantruralworkers希望工程HopeProject選民voter,electorate嚴(yán)重暴力犯罪violentcrimes移民immigrant優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)finetradition 暫住證temporaryresidencepermit(card)職稱professionaltitle69.人口population人口控制populationcontrol人口質(zhì)量populationquality人口密度populationdensity人口結(jié)構(gòu)populationcomposition人口自然增長naturalgrowthofthepopulation人口負(fù)增長negativepopulationgrowth(NPG)人口零增長zeropopulationgrowth(ZPG)70.生育natality計劃生育familyplanning優(yōu)生優(yōu)育betternatalandpre-natalcareandbetterupbringing生育能力fertility無生育力infertile;bar