第5講連詞學(xué)案2023屆高考英語語法30講

第5份高中語法講義連詞年月日 語法項目5連詞（Conjunctions）重點用法①常用的并列連詞用法：1.并列連詞用來連接平行對等、互不從屬的詞、短語或分句，可表示并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、選擇或因果等關(guān)系。常見的并列連詞的用法如下：2.and意為“和，并且”，用于連接對等關(guān)系的詞、詞組或分句；常用于句型“祈使句+逗號+and...”。TomandIwenttothebookstoreyesterday.and連接兩個并列的詞我和湯姆昨天去了書店。Hestoodupandputonhishat.and連接兩個動作他站起來，戴上了帽子。Fishingishishobby,andcollectingcoinsalsogiveshimgreatpleasure.and連接兩個分句他愛好釣魚，收集硬幣也令他感到快樂。Tryagain,andyou’llsucceed.在祈使句中，and前面的部分用來表示條件再試一下，你就會成功的。3.or和orelse表示選擇關(guān)系。表示兩者之間選擇其一，意為“或者”；用于祈使句時，意為“否則，不然”。TomorIamright.或者湯姆，或者我是對的。Hurryup,orelseyou’llmissthelastbus.快點兒，不然你就會錯過最后一班車。Putonyourovercoat,oryouwillcatchcold.穿上衣服，要不然你會著涼的。4.but意為“但是，可是，而是”，連接兩種并列成分，表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，不能和although連用。Itwasasunnybutnotverywarmday.那一天天氣晴朗，但卻不太暖和。5.so意為“所以，于是，也，同樣”，表示結(jié)果，連接句子。Itwastoodark,soIcouldn’tseeanything.天太黑了，我什么也看不見。6.for意為“因為”，表示原因，連接句子。Isoonwenttosleep,forIwastired.我很快就入睡了，因為我太累了。7.both...and意為“和，既……也……”，由它構(gòu)成的詞組作主語時，謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。BothLucyandMaryareten.露西和瑪麗都10歲了。Bothheandhisbrothersaregoodatdancing.他和他的兄弟們都擅長跳舞。8.either...or意為“或……或……；不是……就是……”，由它構(gòu)成的短語作主語時，謂語動詞隨or后面的詞而定（就近原則）。Theshoeswereeithertoobigortoosmall.鞋子要么太大，要么太小。Eitheryouorheisright.不是你，就是他是對的。9.neither...or意為“既不……也不……”，由它構(gòu)成的短語作主語時，謂語動詞隨nor后面的詞而定（就近原則）。Itisneitherhotinsummer,norcoldinwinter.夏天不熱，冬天不冷。NeitherhenorIspeakaforeignlanguage.他和我都不會說外語。10.notonly...butalso意為“不但……而且……”，由它構(gòu)成的短語作主語時，謂語動詞隨butalso后面的詞而定（就近原則）。Janeisnotonlybeautifulbutalsokind.簡不但漂亮，而且人也非常好。Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherswasagainsttheplan.不但學(xué)生，而且老師也反對這個計劃。11.aswellas...意為“又，不但……而且……”，由它構(gòu)成的短語作主語時，謂語動詞隨其前面的詞而定。aswellashisparentsjoinsintheparty.不但林先生的父母，而且林先生也參加宴會。提示：在口語中，and常用在come，go，run，stay，try等之后表示目的，and在此相當于不定式符號to。Goandaskhim.去問問他。Tryandfinishtheworkinamonth.設(shè)法在一個月內(nèi)完成這項工作。重點用法②常用的從屬連詞用法：1.that無詞義，用于引導(dǎo)名詞性從句（主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句）和定語從句。Ithinkthatsheistired.我想他累了。ThetroubleisthatI’velosthisaddress.麻煩是我把他的地址丟了。2.when，while和as意為“當……時”，用于引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，都可表示從句和主句的動作同時發(fā)生，when也可表示先后發(fā)生。WhileIread,shesang.我在看書時，她在唱歌。When/While/Ashewasdoinghishomework,Icamein.當他寫作業(yè)時我走了過來。Therewerechairsleftoverwheneveryonehadsatdown.當大家就座后還剩下幾把椅子。3.since意為“自從……以來”，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。從句用一般過去時，主句多用一般現(xiàn)在時或現(xiàn)在完成時。ManythingshavehappenedsinceIlastsawhim.從我上次見到他以來發(fā)生了很多事。Howlongisitsincewelastwenttothetheatre?我們多久沒去看戲了？4.assoonas意為“剛一……就”，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)。AssoonasIgetthepresent,I’lltellyou.我一收到禮物就告訴你。I’lltellAnnthegoodnewsassoonasshecomesback.安一回來，我就告訴她這個好消息。5.before意為“在……之前”，after意為“在……之后”，都可引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。Didsheleaveamessagebeforeshewent?她走之前留言了嗎？Ifoundherbagaftershehadleft.她走了以后，我發(fā)現(xiàn)了她的包。6.till和until意為“直到……時”，可引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。一般認為till不如until正式，在書面語中不常用。句首通常用until。Canyouwaittill/untilIcomeback?你能等到我回來嗎？Hedidn’tfinishhishomeworkuntilhismothercameback.finish是點動詞，故用否定句。直到他媽媽回來，他才完成作業(yè)。7.because意為“因為”，引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。常用于回答why引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句，不能和so連用。Ididitbecausemymothertoldmeto.媽媽吩咐我去做這件事，我才做的。-Whyareyoulate?你為什么遲到？-BecauseImetatrafficaccidentonmywayhere.因為我在來這兒的路上遇到了車禍。8.if意為“如果”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。IfnecessaryIwillcomeatonce.如果有必要，我會馬上來。9.though和although意為“雖然”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。它們都不能與but連用。ThoughIwastired,Istillworkedhard.雖然我很累，但我仍然努力工作。10.so...that意為“如此……以至于……”，引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。that后面跟的從句是否定句時，可與too...to互換。TheboxissoheavythatIcan’tliftit.=Theboxistooheavyformetolift.箱子太沉了，我抬不起來。提示：though，although和as都可以表示“雖然”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。as引導(dǎo)的從句要用倒裝語序，即把從句中的表語、狀語或動詞原形放在as之前。though和although放在句首時用法相同，但如放在句末時用though，不用although，且前面有逗號。這幾個詞均不能與and，but連用，但可與yet連用。Tryasshemight,shecouldn’topenthedoor.as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句要用倒裝語序。她試過多次了，可仍然打不開那門?！菊n后練習(xí)】定語從句提高練習(xí)1.Waterentersintoagreatvarietyofchemicalreactions,afewhavebeenmentionedinpreviouspages.2.shrewdpeoplehedescribedinhisnovelaretobefoundeverywhere.3.TheGreatWallistheplacealmostalltouristswouldliketovisitwhentheycometoBeijing.4.Hedidn'thaveagoodcommandofspokenEnglish,madeitdifficultforhimtogetagoodjob.5.Collin'sstruggletomakeaplaceforherselfinballetisthekindoflifestoryafascinatingnovelmightbewritten.6.Thequalityofteachingshouldbemeasuredbythedegreethestudents'potentialityisdeveloped.7.Basicresearchprovidesthecapitalfundofscientificknowledgewhichtheappliedresearchersdrawtogivesocietyarichrateofinterest.8.HiramRevels,thefirstBlackmemberoftheUnitedStatesSenate,servedassenatorfromMississippi,anofficehewaselectedin1870.9.TheywillmoveintothenewhousenextFriday,timeitwillbecompletelyfurnished.10.Thetallrectangularbuildingsmaywellgivewaytoamorecomplexandexcitingshapeprovidingareaswhichtheindividualcanfullyidentifyhimself.11.Wecanseparateoilintothechemicalcompoundsitiscomposed.12.Wehavefoundausefulcompoundwecanseparatesomeimportantelements.13.Noiseinaroommaybereducedbycarpeting,draperies,andupholsteredfurniture,all______absorbsound.14.AftertheFirstWorldWar,theauthorAnaisNinbecameinterestedintheartmovementknownasSurrealismandinpsychoanalysis,bothinfluencedhernovelsandshortstories.15.Idontthinkthenumberofpeoplethishappensisverylarge.16.AnthonyJason,helpLouissucceededintheexperiment,wasafriendofmine.17.He'swrittenabookthenameI'vecompletelyforgotten.18.Watercolorprovidesabrillianttransparencyandfreshness,itallowsextraordinarilyfreebrushwork.19.MahaliaJackson,singingcombinedpowerfulvitalitywithgreatdignity,wasoneofthebest-knowngospelsingersintheUnitedStates.20.MrJones,Johnwasworking,wasverygenerousaboutovertimepayment.21.ArthurMillersplayeathofaSalesmanisthetragicstoryofamandestroyedbyhisownhollowvaluesandthoseofthesocietyhelives.22.IntheUnitedStates,aprimaryelectionisamethodvotersselectthenomineesforpublicoffice.23.EmilyDickinson,sgardenwasaplaceshedrewgreatinspirationforherpoems.24.Wemovedtothenewhouseinthesuburbssothatthekidswouldhaveagarden________toplay.25.Heshowedmeabook,fromthecoverIcouldtellthatitwasprettyold.26.Solomonwasdiligent,responsibleandhardworking,hewaspromotedfromaclerktoamanager.27．“Didtheaudienceparticipateintheparty？”“Yes，theactorsfunctionitwastoinvolvetheaudienceweresuccessful.”28.Thedoctorsallblamedtheirresponsibleboydutyitwastoprotectthelittlegirl.29.Theprojectrequiresmorelaborthan（putin）becauseitisextremelydifficult.30.Heoftensatinasmallbardrinkingconsiderablymorethan（be）goodforhishealth.【參考答案】1.ofwhich2.Such/as3.which4.which5.aboutwhich6.towhich7.on8.towhich9.bywhich10.with11.ofwhich12.fromwhich13.ofwhich14.ofwhich15.towhom16.withwhose17.ofwhich18.and19.whose20.forwhom21.inwhich22.bywhich23.fromwhich24.inwhich25.ofwhich26.forwhich27.whose28.whose29.hasbeenputin30.was名詞性從句1.IfyouhadtoldmejustIwastodotheywouldneverhavefoundfaultwithmyhandlingofthecase.2.theLondonZoowilladoptasameasurementatthecriticalmomentistotryallwayspreservingtheanimalsinthezoo.3.closeparentsaretotheirchildrenhasastronginfluenceonthecharacterofthechildren.4.Itusedtobesaidsnowmenwereoftenspottedonthemountainsideabove7,000metersbythelocalinhabitants.5.Theproblemnowismeasurewecanadopttoovercomethedifficultiesinshortageoffunds.closelytheoriesapproximatethetruthistheday-to-daybusinessofscience.7.allthestudentsthinkittheirdutytostudyhardhaslaidthefoundationfortheuniversity'shighreputation.8.It'sdoubtfulthegovernmentofthatcountrycanacceptthemaspermanentresidents.9.Ithasalwayspuzzledmetheoldmantiedaredsilkribbonontheyoungtreeinhiscourtyard.10.movedthehumanspiritwasthe“curiosityofallmankindtoexploretheunknown”.11.Headdsthatonereasonmanyofthesedeathshappenis______thereisalotofignoranceinChinaaboutwhatmarathonrunningentails.12.Thereflectionwhichputmeinmind_______goodthingsImighthaveboughtwiththerestofthemoneygavememoreangerthanthewhistlegavemepleasure.13.Toillustrate_______itworks,scientistsperformedanexperimentonasix-year-oldfemalemonkeycalledKeta.14.Itwasmiraculous_______aftertwominutesKeta'sheartbecameactiveoncemore.15.InAmerica,onlyinafewcases_______morethanonehouseholdliveunderoneroof.16.Youngadultsgenerallymaketheirownchoicesaboutwhatcareertopurseand______tomarry.17.Thereisnotelling_______thedogmightcausehertodriveintoacrowdofpedestrians.18.______ifthemenrefusetofollowmyorders?"Rogersasked.19.Effectivemanagersknowtheimportanceoftakingamomenttopointout_____aworkerisdoingwell.20.Thismaybesimply_______menareprogrammedbyevolutiontothinkmoreaboutmatingopportunities.21.Memoryscoresstayedthesame,_______theyhadchattedtoamanorawoman.22.Butifwehadkeptabookandhadwritteninitanaccountof_______wedideachday,weshouldbeabletogiveananswertothequestion.23.Thereismoreagreement_______astudentwhophysicallyattacksafellowstudentorteachershouldberemoved.24.Theparticipantsrecallabilitywaspoorestwhenlisteningtomusic,regardlessof_______theylikedordislikedit.25.Itisthesoundvariationinthemusicandchangingstate_______reducestheabilitytorecalltheorderofitemwithinthepresentedlist.26.Theyfocusedtheirenergiesontryingtohave______theyconsideredimportantforagoodlife.27.Observersaretryingtoguess_______ornotthegamewillremainhugelypopularforalongtime.28.Hindutraditionholds________allpeoplehavethreeeyes.29.AfterIfoundashinysilverpeninmyfifth-gradeclassroom,Iwantedtokeepit,butSteveexplainedthatitmightbeimportanttosomeoneelseinspiteofthefactithadlittlevalue.30.HeremindedmemuchI'dhatetolosetosomeoneelsethesmalldogmyfathercarvedfromapieceofcheapwood.1.what2.what3.how4.that5.what6.how7.That8.whether9.why10.What11.thatx12.how13.how14.that15.that16.who17.that18.what19.when20.because21.whether22.what23.that24.whether25.that26.what27.whether28.that29.that30.How狀語從句連詞練習(xí)1.Hisfatherhadpromisedtobuyhimacomputer___________hebehavedhimself.2.__________theweatherwasbad,wedecidednottogoout.3.Healwaysdidwellatschool___________havingtodopart-timejobseverynowandthen.4.____________thecalculationisright,scientistscanneverbesurethattheyhaveincludedallvariablesandmodeledthemaccurately.5.Thesetwoareasaresimilar____________theybothhaveahighrainfallduringthisseason.6.______________someflowerscontainmorenectarthanothers,howdoesahoneybeeworker,facedwithapatchofflowerscontainingvariableamountsofnectar,decidewhentostopcollecting.7.______________thefactthathisinitialexperimentshadfailed,Prof.Whitepersistedinhisresearch.8.Criticismandself-criticismisnecessary___________ithelpsustofindandcorrectourmistakes.9.Justasthebuilderisskilledinthehandlingofhisbricks,___________theexperiencedwriterisskilledinthehandlingofhiswords10.Thechiefreasonforthepopulationgrowthisn'tsomuchariseinbirthrates___________afallindeathratesasaresultofimprovementsinmedicalcare.11.___________recurringfearisoutofproportiontoanyrealdanger,itiscalledaphobia12.___________noconclusiveevidenceexists,manyexpertsbelievethatthewheelwasinventedonlyonceandthendiffusedtotherestoftheworld.13.Humanbeingaresuperiortoanimals_____________theycanuselanguageasatooltocommunicate.14.___________earthscientistsunderstandhowandwhyearthquakeshappen,forecastsareusuallyinaccurate.15.Gorillasarequietanimals,___________theyarecapableofmakingabout20differentsounds.16.___________youropinionsareworthconsidering,thecommitteefindsitunwisetoplacetoomuchimportanceonthem.17.___________wehavebegunexploringinearnest,wearegettingglimpsesofhowhugethequestionsareandhowfarfrombeinganswered.18.___________theAtlanticOceancrossestheequator,thetradewindscauseaflowofwatertothewest.19.Justastheymustputasidetheirprejudices,___________wemustbepreparedtoaccepttheirgoodfaith.20.Intheseactivities,itisimportanttorememberthatyoungteenshaveshortattentionspans.Avarietyofactivitiesshouldbeorganized___________participantscanremainactiveaslongastheywantandthengoontosomethingelsewithoutf