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Unit4Lookinggood,feelinggoodGrammar&usageIntoday’sclass,wewill:exploretherulesofrestrictiverelativeclauseswithrelativeadverbs.applytherulesbydoingsomeexercises.
LearningobjectivesAExploringtherules引導限制性定語從句的關(guān)系副詞有when、where和why,它們在從句中分別作時間狀語、地點狀語和原因狀語,修飾從句謂語動詞。關(guān)系副詞when、where和why可以用“介詞+which”來代替。由關(guān)系副詞引導的限制性定語從句講解一、關(guān)系副詞when的用法1.
在關(guān)系副詞when引導的定語從句中,先行詞往往是day、week、time、year、month、morning等表示時間的名詞。如:AprilFool’sDayisaspecialdaywhenyoucanplayajokeonsomeone.IcanstillrememberthesunnymorningwhenIarrivedoncampus.2.
從句中缺少時間狀語,且先行詞為stay、visit、occasion等一些
抽象的具有模糊時間概念的名詞時,定語從句需要用關(guān)系副
詞when來引導。如:ThesepresentscanremindmeofmystayinOxfordwhenImademanyfriendssharingthesameinterest.Alectureisanoccasionwhenwecanlearnandbenefitalot.講解3.
先行詞是表示時間的名詞時,并非一定要用when引導定語從
句。若定語從句中缺少主語、表語或賓語等,則用that/which
引導。試比較:Iwillneverforgetthedaywhenwefirstmetinthemountainvillage.Iwillneverforgetthedaythat/whichwespenttogetherinthatmountainvillage.注意講解二、關(guān)系副詞where的用法1.
在關(guān)系副詞where引導的定語從句中,先行詞通常是place、
room、factory等表示地點的名詞。如:Theschoolgateistheplacewherewewillmeeteachothertomorrowmorning.Thisisthecavewherewecameacrossthebearthatday.2.
從句中缺少地點狀語,且先行詞為situation、point、case、
condition、stage等一些含有抽象地點意義的名詞時,定語從句
要用關(guān)系副詞where來引導。如:Wefoundourselvesinasituationwherewehadtomakeadecisionimmediately.IgottothestagewhereIlostallinterestintheidea.講解3.
先行詞是表示地點的名詞時,并非一定要用where引導定從句。
若定語從句中缺少主語、表語或賓語等,則用that/which引導。
試比較:NanjingisthecitywhereIgrowup.Nanjingisthecity(that/which)Iwanttovisitmost.注意講解三、關(guān)系副詞why的用法1.
在關(guān)系副詞why引導的定語從句中,先行詞一般是reason等
表示原因的名詞。如:Thereasonwhybatshaveauniqueimmunesystemisthattheirbodytemperatureishigherthananyothermammal.2.
先行詞是reason時,并非一定要用why引導定語從句。若定
語從句中缺少主語、表語或賓語等,則用that/which引導。如:Thereasonwhythepresidentwenttothevillagewastouching.Thereasonthatthepresidentmentionedattheconferencewastouching.注意即學即練I’llneverforgetthemuseum___________wevisitedtogether.I’llneverforgetthemuseum___________thepaintingsaresoappealing.Wearelivinginanage____________isseeinggreatchanges.Wearelivinginanage____________manythingsaredoneoncomputer.Thereason____________hegaveusisnottrue.Thereason____________hedidn’tcometoschoolisnottrue.(which/that)wherewhich/thatwhenwhy(which/that)Belowisapartofamagazinearticleaboutsleepproblems.Findthesentenceswithrestrictiverelativeclausesinthearticleandfillintheboxbelow.Thefirstonehasbeendoneforyou.Doyourememberatimewhenyouhadnoworriesstoppingyoufromgettingagoodnight’srest?Oneofthereasonswhypeoplefailtogetagoodnight’ssleepispressurefromschoolorwork.Theyarestillgrowing,and
nightisthetimewhentheirbodiesgrowfaster.Teenagerswhodonotsleep
well
may
experiencesituationswherebodydevelopmentslowsdown,andtheirhealthsuffers.Doyourememberatimewhenyouhadnoworriesstoppingyoufromgettingagoodnight’srest?Doyourememberatime?Youhadnoworriesstoppingyoufromgettingagoodnight’srestatthetime.Oneofthereasonswhypeoplefailtogetagoodnight’ssleepispressurefromschoolorwork.Oneofthereasonsispressurefromschoolorwork.Peoplefailtogetagoodnight’ssleepforthereason.Theyarestillgrowing,andnightisthetimewhentheirbodiesgrowfaster.Theyarestillgrowingandnightisthetime.Theirbodiesgrowfasteratthetime.Teenagerswhodonotsleepwellmayexperiencesituationswherebodydevelopmentslowsdown,andtheirhealthsuffers.Teenagerswhodonotsleepwellmayexperiencesituations.Bodydevelopmentslowsdown,andtheirhealthsuffersinthesituations.WorkingouttherulesTherelativeadverbwherereferstoaplace,therelativeadverbwhenrefersto(1)_________,
andtherelativeadverbwhyrefersto(2)_________.InmoreformalEnglish,therelativeadverbs
where,
whenandwhycanbe
replacedby“preposition+
(3)_________”.timereasonwhichBApplyingtherulesB1Rewritethefollowingsentencesusingrelativeadverbsor“preposition+which”.1Ididnotperformwellatschoollastweek.Thereasonwasmypoor-qualitysleep.2Imissthosedays.Iusedtosleepreallywellinthosedays.Thereasonwhy/forwhichIdidnotperformwellatschoollastweekwasmypoor-qualitysleep.Imissthosedayswhen/inwhichIusedtosleepverywell.BApplyingtherulesB1Rewritethefollowingsentencesusingrelativeadverbsor“preposition+which”.3Thehospitalisnearmyhome.Ivisitedadoctorforadviceonsleepproblemsinthathospital.4Istillrememberthatafternoon.ThatafternoonIfellasleeponthebusandwentpastmystop.Thehospitalwhere/inwhichIvisitedadoctorforadviceonsleepproblemsisnearmyhome.Istillrememberthatafternoonwhen/onwhichIfellasleeponthebusandwentpastmystop.B2Completethepassagewithcorrectrelativepronouns,relativeadverbsor“preposition+which”wherenecessary.TipsFindtheantecedent.Completetheclausewiththeantecedent.Usetherightrelativepronoun,relativeadverbor“preposition+which”toreplacetheantecedent.which/thatwhen/atwhichwhere/inwhichwhich/thatwhy/forwhichB3ReadtheinformationbelowaboutW
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