土木工程專業(yè)英語期末復(fù)習(xí)題

..精選實用文檔..精選?專業(yè)英語?復(fù)習(xí)題一、選擇題civilengineeringdealtwithpermanentstructuresfor(civilian)use,whereasmilitaryengineeringdealtwithtemporarystructuresformilitaryuseattentionmust(bepaidto)theworkingtemperatureofthemachine.diplomaticrelations(havebeenestablished)betweenchinaandtheunitedstatesofAmericaadirectcurrentisacurrent(flowing)alwaysinthesamedirection.it’sourdutyto(complywith)thespecification.doseyourshop(supply)rebar?neitherInorhe(is)fondofmusic.the(above-mentioned)cements(水泥)arewidelyusedontheconstructionsite.theproductionofsteelhasbeenincreased(by)70%.ifthegardenisbig,somefloodlightscanbe(installed).(wherever)yougo,youcanseemanybuildings.dams,(bridge),watersupplysystems,andotherlargeprojectsordinarilyemployseveralengineerstoworktogether...精選實用文檔..精選thebiggerquantityyouorder,(theloweruntilcostyouwillbeoffered).inmodernroadconstructions,powerfulmodernmachinesareemployedtomovemountainsandfillvalleystomakethe(surfaces)asdirectaspossible.besidesitsabilitytosustainloads,concreteisalsorequiredtobe(durable).tensilefailureof(reinforced)concretehappenseasilyandinvolvesprogressivemicro-cracking.concreteis(inherently)aporousmaterial(多孔材料)–mayIuseyourbikeforamoment?--(byallmeans)(一定，務(wù)必)19.conclusionscanbe(drawn)fromtheabovediscussion.’sasmallcountry,yethasalotof(potential)resources.21.aperson’scalorierequirementsvary(throughout)22.thereisacomputersyetem(withwhich)thecompanyisexperiencingproblems.23.usuallythereis(less)trafficinthestreetsonweekdaythanonSundays.24.Thethieftriedtoopenthelockeddoorbut(invain)25.crackswouldnotonlybeunsightlybutwould(expose)thesteelbarstocorrosionbymoistureandotherchemicalaction...精選實用文檔..精選26.(havingpacked)theirluggage,thetouristshurriedtotheairport.27.generouspublicfundingofbasicsciencewould(leadto)considerablebenefitsforthecountry’shealth,wealthandsecurity.28.〞youareveryselfish,it’shightimeyou(realized)thatyouarenotthemostimportantpersonintheworld,〞edgarsaidtohisbossangrily.29.(evenif)thecalculationisright,scientistscanneverbesurethattheyhaveincludeallvariablesandmodeledaccurately.30.rememberthatcustomersdon’t(bargain)aboutpricesinthecity.二、詞組互譯tensilestrength抗拉強(qiáng)度：compressivestrength抗壓強(qiáng)度constructionengineering建筑工程reinforcedconcrete鋼筋混凝土rawmaterial原材料civilengineers土木工程師assemblagetechnology裝配技術(shù)..精選實用文檔..精選simplysupportedbeam簡支梁continuousbeam連續(xù)梁framingmember框架構(gòu)件bendingstrength抗彎強(qiáng)度shearingstrength抗剪強(qiáng)度billofquantities工程量清單estimatedcost預(yù)算本錢thecolumn-diagonaltrusstube對頂柱桁架筒體cashflow現(xiàn)金流動three-dimensional三維的Englishforspecializedscienceandtechnology專業(yè)外語geotechnicalengineering巖土工程foundationsettlement地基沉降fundamentalassumption根本假設(shè)bendingmoment彎曲力矩shearstress剪應(yīng)力，剪切應(yīng)力normalstress正應(yīng)力，法向應(yīng)力onschedule按時beinequilibriumwith與···平衡horizontalplane水平面verticalplane垂直面soilmechanics土力學(xué)..精選實用文檔..精選aerialphotographs航空攝影sanitaryengineering衛(wèi)生工程detrimentalagents有害因素jointaction聯(lián)合作用deformedbars變形鋼筋currentsituation(presentsituation)現(xiàn)狀positivesequence正序negativesequence逆序〔負(fù)序〕fabricationplant加工廠〔加工設(shè)備〕financialbudget財政預(yù)算divideby除以inchargeof負(fù)責(zé)〔主管〕takeaccountof考慮到，顧及spectacularachievements驚人的成就ultrahigh-risebuildings超高層建筑terminatecontract解除合同〔終止合同〕spandrelbeams外墻托梁encroachon侵占，蠶食intersectsurfaces相交曲面bundled-tubestructures束筒結(jié)構(gòu)takedeliveryof取貨，提貨三、翻譯句子..精選實用文檔..精選Thetermcivilengineeringoriginallycameintousetodistinguishitfrommilitaryengineering.土木工程這個術(shù)語起初是用來與軍事工程相區(qū)別的，土木工程處理的是民用的永久性建筑結(jié)構(gòu)，而軍事工程那么是主要負(fù)責(zé)處理臨時性的軍用建筑。Greaterheightentailsincreasedcolumnandbeamsizestomakebuildingsmorerigidsothatunderwindloadtheywillnotswaybeyondanacceptablelimit.更多的高度需要增加柱和梁的尺寸來使建筑物的剛性更強(qiáng)，以使它們在風(fēng)荷載作用下在容許范圍內(nèi)擺動。Structuralsystemsofreinforcedconcreteaswellassteel,takefulladvantageoftheinherentpotentialstiffnessofthetotalbuildingandthereforedonotrequireadditionalstiffeningtolimitthesway.鋼筋混凝土個鋼結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)充分利用了整個建筑的固有的潛在的剛度，因此不需要額外的加強(qiáng)材料來限制傾斜。Thetubestructuralsystemwasdevelopedforimprovingtheresistancetolateralforcesandthecontrolofdriftinhigh-risebuilding.筒體結(jié)構(gòu)體系的開展是為了提高高層建筑抵抗側(cè)向力和飄移的能力。薄殼筒體使筒體結(jié)構(gòu)體系又向前邁進(jìn)了一步。Withthecontinuingneedforlargerandtallerbuildings,theframedtubeorthecol..精選實用文檔..精選umn-diagonaltrusstablemaybeusedinabundledformtocreatelargertubeenvelopswhilemaintaininghighefficiency.隨著對更大更高的建筑的持續(xù)要求，框筒或?qū)斨旒芡搀w可能被用在捆綁的形式以創(chuàng)作更大的筒體外殼，同時又保持了高效力。Theprinciplesoffluidmechanicscanbeappliedtodailylifeasinthecaseoftheplanes,themovementoffishinwater,andthecirculationofbloodintheveins.流體力學(xué)原理可以應(yīng)用到日常生活中，如：飛行的飛機(jī)、魚在水中的游動及血管中的血液循環(huán)等情況。Anthropogenicorhuman-inducedpollutantshaveoverloadthesystem.人類或人類的活動引起的污染物已經(jīng)超過了生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的承受能力。Theroleofanenvironmentalengineeristobuildabridgebetweenbiologyandtechnologybyapplyingallthetechniquestothejobofcleaningthedebris.環(huán)境工程師的作用是，通過將各種技術(shù)應(yīng)用于垃圾清理的工作中，從而在生物與技術(shù)之間建造一座橋梁。Surveyingisdefinedanartofcollectingdataformappingtherelativepositionsofpointsonthesurfaceofearthinahorizontalplane.測量是指為收集數(shù)據(jù)，以便在水平面內(nèi)畫出地球外表點的位置圖的一種技術(shù)。..精選實用文檔..精選Theengineeringmarvelsoftheworld,startingfromthepyramidstotodaysthinshellstructures,aretheresultsofdevelopmentincivilengineering.Ashereunderstood,itisthebodyofscientificknowledgewhichpermitsonetopredictwithagooddegreeofcertaintyhowastructureofgivenshapeanddimensionswillbehavewhenacteduponbyknownforceorothermechanicalinfluences.正如由此處所知結(jié)構(gòu)力學(xué)是科學(xué)知識體系，它使得人們能很確定地預(yù)測給定形狀和尺寸的結(jié)構(gòu)在力或其他力學(xué)因素下的性能。Thispropositionisnotanassumptionbutafact,becauseanybodyoranyportionthereofcanbeatrestonlyifallforcesactingonitareinequilibrium.這一命題不是假設(shè)，而是事實，因為只有作用于物體或物體一局部的力平衡時，它才能靜止。Actually,thejointactionoftwomaterialsasdissimilarandcomplicatedasconcreteandsteelissocomplexthatithasnotyetlentitselftopurelycatalyticaltreatment.實際上，像混凝土和鋼材這樣既復(fù)雜又不同的兩種材料的聯(lián)合作用是非常復(fù)雜的，目前還不能對其進(jìn)行純分析處理。..精選實用文檔..精選fromthisstudyalistofallitemsofworkisprepared,andrelateditemsearthengroupedtogetherforlistingonamasterschedule.根據(jù)研究，列出施工工程的各項工作內(nèi)容，并將相關(guān)內(nèi)容歸為一類，列在主要施工進(jìn)度表上。otherconstructionengineeringdutiesarethelayoutoftheworkbysurveyingmethods,thepreparationofdetaildrawingstoclarifythedesignengineer’sdrawingsfortheconstructioncrews,andtheinspectionoftheworktoensurethatitcomplieswithplansandspecifications.工程施工的其他任務(wù)是：通過測量進(jìn)行工程放線；準(zhǔn)備細(xì)部圖紙，以使施工技術(shù)人員弄清設(shè)計工程師的圖樣意圖；工程檢查，以保證工程施工遵循設(shè)計及設(shè)計說明書。根據(jù)詞根或詞綴寫單詞ag=do,act做，動agency機(jī)構(gòu)，作用；agential代理人agri=field田地，農(nóng)田agriculture田地，農(nóng)田；agricultural農(nóng)業(yè)的，農(nóng)藝的ann=year年anniversary周年紀(jì)念日annual每年的，年度的4.audi=hear聽Audience聽眾，傾聽auditorium禮堂，講堂..精選實用文檔..精選brev=short短brief短暫的，簡短的briefness短暫，簡短ced=go行走precedent先行的，在前的unprecedented無先例的，空前的cept=take拿，取except除···之外exception例外，除外cid，cis=cut，kill切，殺decide決定decision決定，決心circ=ring環(huán)，圓Circulate循環(huán)circle圓，圈claim，clam=cry，shout喊叫exclaim呼喊，驚叫exclamation呼喊，驚叫11.clar=clear清楚，明白