SCI寫作常見(jiàn)的語(yǔ)法問(wèn)題

SCI寫作常見(jiàn)的語(yǔ)法問(wèn)題1.主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)要一致例：Ahighpercentageofpeptidesthataremadeofaminoacidsarepresentinthesample.句中

Ahighpercentage才是真正主語(yǔ)，所以謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)is注意：集合名詞當(dāng)整體用時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，每個(gè)成員當(dāng)個(gè)體時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。例1：Thenumberofmicewasincreased.例2：Anumberofmicehavedied.例3：Allofthesampleswereanalyzed例4：Allofthesafetyprocedurewasfollowed注意：代詞none既可以是單數(shù)也可以是復(fù)數(shù)，none后面的詞是單數(shù)，用單數(shù)；后面的詞是復(fù)數(shù)，用復(fù)數(shù)。例1：Noneoftheinformationwasusefu.例1：Noneoftheanimalshavedied.注意：描述數(shù)量/質(zhì)量/體積/時(shí)間等詞用單數(shù)，但分次添加或減少時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)。例：1.5mLwasadded/10gwasadded/5gwereaddedste-pwise.2.修飾語(yǔ)同主語(yǔ)名詞關(guān)系上要一致用動(dòng)名詞/分詞短語(yǔ)/不定式短語(yǔ)做修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)，修飾語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞要同主句中的主語(yǔ)關(guān)系上要一致。例（動(dòng)名詞）：Afterfinishedthepurification,theactivityoftheisolatedcompoundwasthenstudied.finishing形式主語(yǔ)是We或者I，主句主語(yǔ)是activity，不一致。應(yīng)改為：Afterthepurificationwasfinished,theactivityoftheisolatedcompoundwasthenstudied.或者：Afterfinishedthepurification,westudiedtheactivityoftheisolatedcompound.例（分詞短語(yǔ)）：TheironconcentrationwasdeterminedusingtheFentonreactionmethod.ironconcentration和usingtheFentonreactionmethod關(guān)系不一致因該把using改為by。例（不定試短語(yǔ)）：Toconfirmthediagnosis,thebloodtestwasordered.不定式短語(yǔ)的形式主語(yǔ)是doctor,而主句的主語(yǔ)為bloodtest不一致，所以要改為：Toconfirmthediagnosis,thedoctororderedthebloodtest.3.主語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)保持邏輯一致由于中文和英文表達(dá)方式的不同，有時(shí)候把中文直接翻譯成英文是不妥的，例如priceischeap,中文理解是價(jià)格便宜，但是英文一般說(shuō)價(jià)格用高低，而物品才說(shuō)cheap。例：Thehighestantibioticproductionwasobtainedat48h.宜改為：productionyield例：Thereactionwasprepared...宜改為：reactionsolution/method.4.代名詞的使用代名詞和其代理的先行詞要在人稱/單數(shù)/復(fù)數(shù)，和性別上一致。例如：he,his;she,her;it,its;they,their;these,those;that,this等，使用時(shí)一定避免誤解。例：Manyrelatedcompoundsweresynthesizedandtheirantivirusactivitieswerestudied.compounds和their一致。例：growthhormoneisaprotein.itpromoteshumanbodygrowth.例：Thereportsweresubmittedtotherequestingagencies,buttheywereignored.這里的they到底是指reports還是requestingagencies。宜改為：Therequestingagenciesignoredthesubmittedre-ports5.強(qiáng)調(diào)的作用如要強(qiáng)調(diào)某件事，就把它放到句子的前面。科技論文寫作一般把主句先寫出來(lái)，除非你想強(qiáng)調(diào)條件。例：Throughscavengingfreeradicals,antioxidantsplayanimportantroleinprotectingagainstcomplexdiseases.宜改為：Antioxidantsplayanimportantroleinprotectingag-ainstcomplexdiseasesthroughscavengingfreeradicals.例：Beforethehurricanearrived,mostofthepeoplehavemovedout.宜改為：Mostofthepeoplehavemovedoutbeforethehurricanearrived.6.名詞作形容詞論文寫作中常會(huì)把名詞作為形容詞用，當(dāng)一個(gè)名詞修飾另一個(gè)名詞是=時(shí)，容易理解，但3個(gè)名詞放一起就要注意了，例如：bloodwhitecellnumber(改為thenumberofbloodwhitecell)這時(shí)候需要將最后一個(gè)名詞提前+介詞（of/in/on...）+名詞+名詞。7.句子時(shí)態(tài)科技論文只有兩種時(shí)態(tài)，現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)和過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。偶爾使用完成時(shí)態(tài)。描述已發(fā)表的文獻(xiàn)成果時(shí)用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。描述未發(fā)表的文獻(xiàn)成果時(shí)用過(guò)去時(shí)。Abatract描述自己的實(shí)驗(yàn)和結(jié)論要用過(guò)去時(shí)。Introduction中總結(jié)文獻(xiàn)和問(wèn)題，以現(xiàn)在時(shí)為主。Method和results用過(guò)去式。Discussion根據(jù)文獻(xiàn)和自己實(shí)驗(yàn)分別用現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過(guò)去時(shí)。例:

Wangshowedthat...(引述過(guò)去的實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)，宜用過(guò)去時(shí))例:

Table/Figureshowsthat...(Table/Figure顯示的結(jié)果可用現(xiàn)在時(shí))計(jì)算結(jié)果和統(tǒng)計(jì)分析結(jié)果應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在時(shí)8.主動(dòng)句和被動(dòng)句很多人用被動(dòng)句，但其實(shí)主動(dòng)句更加好。Itisreportedthat...宜改為wereportedthat...9.標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的使用注意逗號(hào)是用來(lái)分開(kāi)兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子分號(hào)后面的首字母要