2023年考研外語(yǔ)沖刺試卷9

考研外語(yǔ)沖刺試卷9

一、UseofEnglish

1>WhenthreeFloridaboyswerediagnosedashavingAIDS,

theirbarberrefusedtocuttheirhairandtheirhousewas

burneddownbyneighbors.Thesereactionsmaybe(1),but

otherAIDSsufferershaveexperiencedjobloss,(2)of

insurance,andeven(3)_____bytheirfamiliesandfriends.

Socialscientistsusethetermstigmatodescribethediscredit

andshamethatpublichostilitycan(4)agroupofpeople.

(5),AIDSsufferersareoftenstigmatized.

Wheredothesestigmatizingattitudescomefrom?AIDSforces

ustoconfrontourown(6)inaparticularly(7)way,

becausemostofitsvictimsareyoung.Somepeople(8)

feelingsofvulnerabilitybyconvincingthemselvesthatAIDS

victimsarenotlikethemand(9)theirfate.Theydefine

AIDS(10)somethingthatcanhappenonlytomembersof

certaingroups.Becausehomosexualsarealreadyatargetof

(11),people'sintolerancebecomes(12)tovictims

ofthedisease.

ThestigmaofAIDShascreateda(13)forpeoplewhothink

theymaybe(14)risk.Shouldthey(15)themselves

testedforHIV一andriskdiscriminationiftheirtestresults

arepositive?(16)shouldtheyavoidbeingtested?Many

peopletakethe(17)course.EvenwhenHIVtestingis

requiredbylaw,manypeople(18)greatlengthstoavoid

it.Thetragicresultisthatmanypeoplewhohavethevirus

donot(19)outaboutit,donotreceivetreatment,and

remain(20)tospreadthevirustoothers.

A.radical

B.extreme

C.negative

D.unappealing

2、⑵

A.deletion

B.defiance

C.suspension

D.cancellation

3、(3)

A.rejection

B.abolition

C.injection

D.condemnation

4、(4)

A.devoteto

B.putto

C.associatewith

D.imposeon

5、⑸

A.Intotal

B.Incontrast

C.Inshort

D.Asaresult

6、(6)

A.mortality

B.morality

C.immorality

D.immortality

7、⑺

A.acute

B.violent

C.sentimental

D.active

8、(8)

A.takeoff

3

B.fendoff

C.resortto

D.makeupfor

9、(9)

A.preserve

B.conserve

C.deserve

D.reserve

10、(10)

A.by

B.as

C.with

D.for

IK(ID

A.injustice

B.prejudice

C.attention

D.snobbery

12、(12)

A.joined

B.restrained

C.attached

4

D.linked

13、(13)

A.dilemma

B.obstruction

C.confusion

D.perplexity

14、(14)

A.at

B.on

C.with

D.within

15、(15)

A.take

B.make

C.have

D.let

16、(16)

A.Either

B.Otherwise

C.Nor

D.Or

17、(17)

5

A.later

B.late

C.latest

D.latter

18、(18)

A.cometo

B.take

C.goto

D.bear

19、(19)

A.figure

B.find

C.try

D.straighten

20、(20)

A.likely

B.possible

C.probable

D.1iable

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestions

beloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

Globalization,aprocesswherebyownersofcapitalareenabled

tomovetheircapitalaroundtheglobemorequicklyandeasily,

hasresultedintheremovalofstatecontrolsontradeand

investment,thedisappearanceoftariffbarriersandthespread

ofnewinformationandcommunicationstechnologies.In

societiesaroundtheworld,theeffectsofglobalizationhave

influencedsocialdevelopment.Notonlyaretheinfluencesof

globalizationapparentinmarkets,theirforcesarefeltinthe

processesorworkingtowardsequalitybetweenmenandwomen.

RedaBebarsofEgypt,stressingthattheadvancementofwomen

wouldnotbeachievedbypassinglegislation,saidthatsocial

developmentonthenationalscalemustbestrengthenedanda

climateconducivetodevelopmentmustbecreatedifthegoals

setinBeijing(atthe1995FourthWorldConferenceonWomen)

aretoberealized.Theproblemsstemfromthefactthatwomen

areverydifferentlypositionedinrelationtothemarketsin

differentpartsoftheworld.Incertainplaces,wherewomen

aresociallyexcludedfromleavingtheirhomes,thechallenge

istofindwaysforwomentoparticipate.Inotherplaces,the

challengeistocreatemarketswhicharemorefriendlyto

women，sparticipation.IlhamIbrahimMohamedAhmedofSudan

condemnedthedebtburdencarriedbydevelopingcountries,

economicsanctions,arbitrarymeasuresanddenialofaccessto

newtechnologicaldevelopmentsasobstaclestothegrowthof

women，srights.Womenremainverymuchintheminorityamong

Internetusersandstillfacehugeimbalancesintheownership,

controlandregulationofnewinformationtechnologies.

“Thegainsofglobalizationhavenotbeenequitablydistributed

andthegapbetweenrichandpoorcountriesiswidening,said

ZhangLeiofthePeople'sRepublicofChina.

Thegainsofglobalizationthusfarhaveforthemostpartbeen

concentratedinthehandsofbetter-offwomenwithhigher

levelsofeducationandwithgreaterownershipofresourcesand

accesstocapital.

“WorkinChinaandVietnamshowsthatglobalizationhasbrought

newopportunitiestoyoungwomenwithfamiliaritywithEnglish

innewservicesectorjobs,buthasmadeavastnumberof

over-35-year-oldsredundant,becausetheyareeitherin

decliningindustriesorhaveoutdatedskills,，zSwastiMitter

oftheUN'sWomenWatchOnlineWorkingGrouponWomen'sEconomic

Inequalitysaid.

Accordingtothetext,whatrolehasEnglishplayedduringthe

processofglobalization?

A.Createdneweducationopportunities.

B.Ithasspeduptheprocessofglobalization.

C.Openedthedoorsfornewopportunitiesandincreasedthe

numberofyoungwomenintheworkingworld.

D.Increasedthenumberofskilledwomen.

2、

Whatneedstooccurinorderforthegoalsofthefourthwomen，s

conferencetoberealized?

A.Legislationscallingfortheadvancementofwomenshould

beenforced.

B.Needtocreateaclimatethatallowsandencouragessocial

developmentonanationalscale.

C.CreatenewtechnologicalopportunitiesforwomeninChina.

D.AbolisheconomicbarriersbetweenChinaandtheWest.

3、

Wherehavetheprofitsofglobalizationgone?

A.Inrichcountrieswithstricttariffbarriers.

B.ChinaandVietnam.

C.Inthehandsofsmartwomen.

D.Inthehandsofrichermembersofthesociety.

4、

Thestatement”…butmadeavastnumberof35-year-olds

redundant“inthelastparagraphreferstothefactthat?

A.Globalizationhascausedmanywomenofage35tolosetheir

jobs.

B.Working35yearoldwomenarestuckinindustriesthatare

nolongerthriving.

C.Thereisagreatneedof35yearoldwomenduetotheprocess

ofglobalization.

D.Therewasababyboom35yearsagoandtherearemany35

yearoldwomenworking.

5、

Whatreasondoesthetextsuggestwhenwomenremainthe

minorityofInternetusers?

A.TheydonotspeakEnglishwellenough.

B.MenremainthemajorityofpeoplewhocontroltheInternet

industry.

C.Theydonotknowhowtousecomputersaswel1asmendo.

D.Itdoesnotapply,becausethisproblemdoesnotexistin

China.

6、Televisioneatsoutoursubstance.Mandercallsthisthe

mediationofexperience."WithTVwhatwesee,hear,touch,

smell,feelandunderstandabouttheworldhasbeenprocessed

forus."Whenwe“cannotdistinguishwithcertaintythenatural

fromtheinterpreted,ortheartificialfromtheorganic,then

alltheoriesoftheidealorganizationoflifebecomeequal.”

Inotherwords,TVteachesthatalllifestylesandvaluesare

equal,andthatthereisnoclearlydefinedrightandwrong.

InAmusingOurselvestoDeath,oneofthebestrecentbookson

thetyrannyoftelevision,NeilPostmanwonderswhynobodyhas

pointedoutthattelevisionpossiblyoverstepsthe

instructionsintheBible.

Inthe1960sand1970s,manyofthetraditionalstandardsand

moresofsocietycameunderheavyassault.Indeed,theywere

blownapart,largelywiththehelpofone'sown.Therewasan

airofunrealityaboutmanydetailsofdailylife.Even

importantmoralquestionssuffereddistortionwhentheywere

reducedtoTVimages.DuringtheVietnamconflict,therewas

muchgraphicviolence一soldiersandciviliansactually

dying一onscreen.Onescenethatshockedthenationwasan

executioninwhichthevictimwasshotintheheadwithapistol

onprime-timeTV.People"tunedin"tothewareverynight,and

controversialissuesaboutthecauses,conduct,andresolution

oftheconflictcouldbesummedupinthesesuperficial

broadcasts.

ThesamephenomenonwasseenagainintheGulfWar.With

stirringbackgroundmusicandsophisticatedcomputergraphics,

eachnetwork'sbannerscript,readacrossthescreen,“Warin

theGulf,“asifitwerejustanotherT,Vprogram.Warisn't

aprogram一itisadirty,bloodymess.Peoplearekilleddaily.

Yet,televisionallbutteachesthatthiscarnagemerelyis

anotherdiversion,aform,ofblockbusterentertainment一the

bigshowwithalltheinternationalstarspresent.

Inthelastyearsofhislife,MalcolmMuggeridge,apragmatic

andprintjournalist,warned:"Form,thefirstmomentIwasin

thestudio,Ifeltthatitwasfarfrombeingagoodthing.I

feltthattelevisionwouldultimatelybeinimicaltowhatImost

appreciate,whichistheexpressionoftruth,expressingyour

reactionstolifeinwords.”

Heconcluded:"Idon，tthinkpeoplearegoingtobepreoccupied

withideas.Ithinktheyaregoingtoliveinafantasyworld

whereyoudon'tneedanyideas.Theonethingthattelevision

can'tdoisexpressideas.Thereisadangerintranslatinglife

intoanimage,andthatiswhattelevisionisdoing.Itisthus

falsifyinglife.Recorderofwhatisgoingon,itistheexact

opposite.Itcannotconveyrealitynordoesitevenwantto.”

Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstelevision?

A.Ambiguous.

B.Skeptical.

C.Critical.

D.Appreciative.

7、

Howistelevisionsaidtodistortlifeinreportingwarfare

andconflicts?

A.TVteachesthatalllifestylesandvaluesareequal.

B.Peoplearepreoccupiedwithfantasticideasaboutwars.

C.Onthetelevisionscreen,peopleseeadirty,bloodymess.

D.Televisionpresentsimagesofhumancarnageinaform,of

entertainmentprogram.

8、

WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothetext?

A.ThereisnoclearlydefinedrightandwronginTVimages.

B.Televisiondoesn'texpressideasalthoughitisintended

toconveytruth.

C.Translatinglifeintoanimageismoreeffectivethan

expressingreactionstolifeinwordsinteachinglifevalues.

D.TVpresentationofimagesrecordswhatisgoingon

objectively.

9、

Whichofthefollowingideasmightprobablybepreferredby

MalcolmMuggeridge?

A.Literaturewillbecomedominantinpresentingwarstories.

B.Peopleshouldhavetheirownideasofwhatisrightand

whatiswrong.

C.TVimagesarepreoccupyingbecausetheyexpressreality.

D.TVprogramsoftenaimtoassaultthetraditionalstandards

andmoresofsociety.

10、

Accordingtothetext,AmusingOurselvestoDeathisabook

A.tellingpeoplehowamusingitistowatchTV.

B.warningpeoplenottooversteptheinstructionsinthe

Bible.

C.showingthereisadirectlinkbetweenTV-watchingand

death.

D.criticizingtelevisionforeatingoutoursubstance.

11、Therearecertainpeoplewhobehaveinaquitepeculiar

fashionduringtheworkofanalysis.Whenonespeakshopefully

tothemorexpressessatisfactionwiththeprogressofthe

treatment,theyshowsignsofdiscontentandtheircondition

invariablybecomesworse.Onebeginsbyregardingthisas

defianceandasanattempttoprovetheirsuperioritytothe

physician,butlateonecomestotakeadeeperandjusterview.

Onebecomesconvinced,notonlythatsuchpeoplecannotendure

anypraiseorappreciation,butthattheyreactinverselyto

theprogressofthetreatment.Everypartialsolutionthat

oughttoresult,andinotherpeopledoesresult,inan

improvementoratemporarysuspensionofsymptomsproducesin

themforthetimebeinganintensificationoftheirillness;

theygetworseduringthetreatmentinsteadofgettingbetter.

Theyexhibitwhatisknownasa,'negativetherapeuticreaction”.

Thereisnodoubtthatthereissomethinginthesepeoplethat

setsitselfagainsttheirrecovery,anditsapproachisdreaded

asthoughitwereadanger.Weareaccustomedtosaythatthe

needforillnesshasgottheupperhandinthemoverthedesire

forrecovery.Ifweanalyzethisresistanceintheusual

way一then,evenafterfixationtothevariousformsofgainfrom

illness,thegreaterpartofitisstillleftover;andthis

revealsitselfasthemostpowerfulofallobstaclestorecovery,

morepowerfulthanthefamiliaronesofnarcissistic

inaccessibility,anegativeattitudetowardsthephysicianand

clingingtothegainfromillness.

Intheendwecometoseethatwearedealingwithwhatmaybe

calleda"moral"factor,asenseofguilt,whichisfinding

satisfactionintheillnessandrefusestogiveupthe

punishmentofsuffering.Weshallberightinregardingthis

disencouragingexplanationasfinal.Butasfarasthepatient

isconcernedthissenseofguiltisdumb;itdoesnottellhim

heisguilty,hefeelsiii.Thissenseofguiltexpressesitself

onlyasaresistancetorecoverywhichitisextremelydifficult

toovercome.Itisalsoparticularlydifficulttoconvincethe

patientthatthismotiveliesbehindhiscontinuingtobeiii;

heholdsfasttothemoreobviousexplanationthattreatment

byanalysisisnotthefightremedyforhiscase.

Accordingtotheauthor,itwouldbemorereasonabletothink

thatthepatientswhoexhibitdissatisfactionwiththe

treatmentare

A.openlyresistingthetreatmentofthephysician.

B.intentionallyholdingthephysicianincontempt.

C.spontaneouslyrespondingcontrarytothephysician，s

expectations.

D.purposelydisregardingthepraiseorappreciationbythe

physician.

12、

Forthepatientstheauthordescribesthat

A.aparticulartreatmentleadstoareverseresult.

B.localtreatmentimprovestemporarilytheirsymptoms.

C.apartialsolutionreleavesratherthanintensifiestheir

illness.

D.arightsolutioncuresthempartiallyoftheirsickness.

13、

Theauthor'sstudyofthissyndromeleadshimtothinkthat

A.patientsmustbeconvincedofthetreatmentbyanalysis.

B.patients'senseofguiltmayhinderthemform,gettingwell.

C.patientsneedtoknowthefinalexplanationsoftheir

illness.

D.patientsshouldgiveupthepunishmentofsufferingfrom

theirillness.

14、

Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthattheauthorfeelsthat

A.certainpeoplebehaveinaparticularlyfashionableway.

B.theneedforillnesshasovercomethedesireforrecovery.

C.thepatientswhoarecontentwiththeirillnessarefelling

guilty.

D.thesymptomofinversereactiontotreatmentispastremedy.

15、

Therootcauseoftheresistancetorecoveryliesinthatthe

patients

A.areapttorefusethereorganizationofthephysician's

authority.

B.canhardlyputupwithbeingpraisedorappreciatedbytheir

doctors.

C.clingtotheunconsciousbeliefintheirdeserved

punishmentbysickness.

D.sufferfromachronicmentaldiseasethatoffersthema

feelingofguilt.

16、Hereamidthesteelandconcretecanyons,greengrass

grows.Anakedcockspurhawthorntreestandsinnewsoil,and

freshlydugplantsbendinthewind.

ButChicagoCityHallhereseemsanunlikelyspotforagarden

ofanyvariety.Especially20,000squarefeetofgardens.On

it'sroof.

Asoneofahandfulofsimilarprojectsaroundthecountry,the

gardenispartofa$1.5milliondemonstrationprojectedbythe

citytoreduceits"urbanheatislands”,saidWilliamAbolt,

thecommissioneroftheDepartmentofEnvironment.

Heatislandsdarksurfacesinthecity,likerooftops-soakup

heat.Theretentioncanbakeabuilding,makingitstubbornto

cooling.

TheroofofCityHall,a90-year-oldgraystonelandmarkon

LaSalleStreetintheheartofdowntown,hasbeenknowntoreach

temperaturesubstantiallyhotterthantheactualtemperature

onthestreetbelow.

Thegardenwillprovidegreeneryandshade."Andthat,“said

thecityofficials,“willsavethecitydollarsonthose

blisteringsummerdays."Theprojectsavingsfromcoolingis

about$4,000ayearonanewroofwhoselifespanisabout50

percentlongerthanthatofatraditionalroof.

Thesprawlingopen-airrooftopgardenisbeingcarefullybuilt

onamultitieredbedofspecialsoil,polystyrene,

egg-carton-shapedconesandwaterproofmembrane"malltokeep

therooffromleaking,orcavingunderthenormalcombined

weightofsoil,rainandplantlife.

Thedesigncallsforsoildepthsof4inchesin18inches.When

thelastplantsandseedlingsareburiedandthelastbitof

compostlaid,thegardenwillhavecircularbrick

steppingstoneswindinguptwohills.

“Theprimaryfocusofwhatwewanttodowastoestablishthis

laboratoryonthetopofCityHallandgetpeopleinvolvedand

understandingtheirimpactontheenvironmentandhowthe

littlethingsthatwecanmakeanimpactonthequalityoflife”,

Mr.Aboltsaid,addingthattheplantsalsohelptoclearthe

air.

Rooftopgardens,inplaceswhereconcretejungleshaveerased

plantsandtrees,arenotnew,noteveninChicago.Armsof

greenerydanglingoverterracesorsproutingfromrooftops,

commoninEurope,arebecomingmoresointheUnitedStatesas

peoplebecomeincreasinglyconsciousabouttheenvironment.

RichardM.Daley,whourgedtheenvironmentdepartmenttolook

intotheprojectafternoticingrooftopgardensinHamburg,

Germanyafewyearsago,haspraisedthegardenasthefirst

ofitskindonapublicbuildinginthecountry.

Itwillholdthousandsofplantsinmorethan150species一wild

onionandbutterflyweed,skyblueasterandbuffalograss一to

providedataonwhatspeciesadaptbest.Smallplantsrequiring

shallowsoildepthswerechieflyselected.

Therooftopgardenproject

A.iscommonandpopularinthecountry.

B.isademonstrationprojectandcoststhecitygovernment

1.5milliondollars.

C.willmaketheordinarycoolingdownofthecityinsummer

unnecessary.

D.aimsatgettingpeopleinvolvedandunderstandingtheir

impactontheenvironment.

17、

WhatcanwelearnabouttheCityHal1?

A.Itwasbuiltninetyyearsagoandisthemostoutstanding

featureinthecenterofthecity.

B.Itisoriginallypropertobuildagardenonthetopofthe

CityHall.

C.Thetemperatureonitstopisalittlebithigherthanthat

onthestreetbelow.

D.ItisthefirstbuildinginAmericatohaveagardenonit.

18、

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccorchingtothe

text?

A.Everyyear,Chicagospendsabout$4,000oncoolingthecity.

B.ThedesignofthegardenontheCityHallspeciallytakes

weighttheroofcanstandintoconsideration.

C.TheMayorurgedtheenvironmentaldepartmenttolookinto

rooftopgardensinHamburgandbuildsimilaronesinAmerica.

D.Heatislandsmainlyrefertothosedarkcoloredrooftops

whichreceiveandretainheatandwillnoteasilyreleasethe

heat.

19、

WhyshouldtherooftopgardenbebuildonthetopofCityHall

otherthanonanyotherbuildings?

A.BecausetheCityHallislarge.

B.Becausethemayorhadurgedtheenvironmentaldepartment

todoso.

C.Becauseitcanmakepeopleunderstandtheirimpacton

environmentbetterthroughapublicbuilding.

D.BecausetheexpertsjustwanttomaketheCityHalla

convenientlaboratory.

20、

Theword“substantially”(Para.5)mostlikelymeans

A.alittlebit.

B.infact.

C.materially.

D.considerably.

21、PartB(10points)

Youaregoingtoreadanarticlewhichisfollowedbyalist

ofexamplesorheadings.Choosethemostsuitableonefromthe

listA-Fforeachnumberedposition(41-45).Theremaybe

certainextrawhichyoudonotneedtouse.(10points)

Youaregoingtoreadatextaboutthetopicofhomebased

business.

LeavingcorporateAmericatorunahomebasedbusinessisthe

idealsituationformanypeople:There，snobossbreathingdown

yourneck,noboringmeetingstoattendandno45-minutedrives

inrushhourtraffic.Workingfromhomecanbearewarding

experience,butit'seasytoforgetthebasicrulesofrunning

asuccessfulbusinesswhenit's10hoursofjustyou,your

computerandthedistractionsofhome.

Tohelpyoustayontrack,we'vecontactedhomebasedbusiness

expertRosalindResnick,CEOofAxxessBusinessCentersInc.,

aNewYorksmall-businessconsultingfirm.She'sputtogether

severalhelpfultipsforkeepingyourhomebasedbusiness

runningsmoothly.

(41)Organizeyourfamilytime.

Onceyourprofessionallifeisorganized,youmayneedto

considerorganizingyourpersonallife.

(42)Motivateyourself.

Sitdownandsetsomegoalsforyourself.

(43)Taketimeoutforgoodbehavior.

Takeabreakeverynowandthensoyoudon'tgetburnedout.

(44)Network.

Networkwithotherhomebasedbusinessownersineitheraformal

orinformalsetting.

(45)Considermovingoutofyourhome.

Atthepointwhenyourbusinessbecomessosuccessfulthatyou

cannotefficientlyworkclosetogether,startconsidering

movingyourofficeoutsidethehome.

A.Thisisagoodwaytofindserviceproviders,leadersand

potentialclients.Surroundingyourselfwithpeoplewhoalso

workfromhomewillgiveyouthesupportyouneed,andrefer

youtopeoplewhocanhelpyougrowyourbusiness.

B.Maybeyounoticedrightaway,ormaybeit'sjustbecoming

apparent,thatyoutendtoworkaroundthescheduleofyour

familymembers.Thisisespeciallytrueifyouhavechildren.

Alotofpeople,especiallyyoungmoms,decidethatthey're

goingtoquittheirjobsincorporateAmericaandworkfromhome

inordertocarefortheirchildrenandsaveondaycareexpenses.

Butinreality,ifyou'reseriousaboutrunningahomebased

businessandearningadecentincome,you'regoingtohaveto

makearrangementsforchildcareinoroutsidethehome.

Otherwiseitbecomestoodistracting.Considerhiringa

babysittersoyou'reguaranteedfivetosixsolidhourstoget

yourworkdone.

C.Younolongerhavequarterlyreviewsorprogressreports,

soit'simportanttokeeptrackofwhetherornotyou'remaking

progressinyourbusiness.It'sonethingtosetsmallgoals

likecompletingyourto-dolist一youalsohavetosetgoalsto

motivateyourselftosucceed.Hopefullybynowyou'remaking

asmuch,ifnotmore,moneyatyourhomebasedbusinessthanyou

wereatyourformerjob.Ifyouaren't,beginbysettingagoal

tobringinthesameamountofincomeyouwere,andslowlyraise

thebartoincreaseyourincomebyacoupleofthousandamonth.

Onceyou'vemetagoal,maketimetorewardyourselfbydoing

somethingfun,whichbringsustothenexttip.

D.Foralotofpeople,workingfromhomeisalaunchingpad.

Inthebeginning,manybusinessownersworkfromhomeinorder

tokeepoverheadlow.Ifyouhavemorethanonepersonwith

differentrolesworkingfromyourhomeoffice,youshould

ideallybeworkinginseparaterooms.Itcanbedifficulthaving

twopeopleworksidebyside,evenifthosetwopeopleare

spousesandloveeachotherverymuch.It'sdistractingfor

anyonetohavesomeonethreefeetawayfromyoutalkingonthe

phone.Bepreparedforexpansion.

E.It'snotuncommontofindyourselfworking60-to70-hour

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(45)

26、PartC

Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthen

translatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(10points)

Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatethe

underlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslationshouldbe

writtenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.@(10points)

Throughnecessity,Japanhasadoptedthebicycleasan

essentialcomponentoftransportation.Theislandnation，s

limitedgeography,highdensityandlackofpetroleummakesit

anideallocationforsmall,efficientbicycles.(46)The

destructionofJapan'sinfrastructureduringthesecondworld

warforcedcitizenstoemploynon-motorizedmeansof

transportationuntilthenation(shighspeedrailwayswere

developedinthe1950s.Withrenewedinfrastructureinplace,

theJapanesewerequ