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IndustrialEcology(產(chǎn)業(yè)生態(tài)學(xué))_北京師范大學(xué)中國(guó)大學(xué)mooc課后章節(jié)答案期末考試題庫(kù)2023年生態(tài)設(shè)計(jì)通常不以()為主體開(kāi)展研究WhichoffollowingisusuallyexcludedastheobjectofaDfEstudy()
參考答案:
環(huán)境要素
Environmentalelements
同一部件,應(yīng)盡量采用多種材料制作()Forthesamecomponent,itshouldbemadefromasmoretypesofmaterialsaspossible()
參考答案:
錯(cuò)誤
對(duì)產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行生態(tài)設(shè)計(jì)屬于預(yù)防污染的末端措施()TheDfEofproductsbelongstoanend-of-pipemeasureforpollutionprevention()
參考答案:
錯(cuò)誤
為節(jié)約能源,夏季空調(diào)系統(tǒng)的室內(nèi)溫度設(shè)定應(yīng)()Inordertosaveenergy,theindoortemperaturesettingoftheairconditioningsysteminsummershould()
參考答案:
夏季適當(dāng)調(diào)高設(shè)定溫度
Beproperlyraisedtohigherlevelinsummer
物質(zhì)人為流動(dòng)發(fā)生在人類社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)合系統(tǒng)()Materialanthropogenicflowsalwaysoccurinahumansocialandeconomichybridsystem()
參考答案:
正確
以下哪項(xiàng)()不屬于污染預(yù)防措施Whichofthefollowingisnotapollutionpreventionmeasure()
參考答案:
將廢物轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)異地焚燒填埋
Transportingwastetoothersitesforincinerationandlandfill
生態(tài)設(shè)計(jì)通常不針對(duì)生產(chǎn)工藝進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)()ADfEdoesnotcarriedoutforaproductionprocesses()
參考答案:
錯(cuò)誤
對(duì)于某特定系統(tǒng),其生態(tài)效率可因參數(shù)選擇的不同而有多種表達(dá)方式()Foracertainsystem,itseco-efficiencycanbeexpressedinavarietyofwaysduetoparameteroptions()
參考答案:
正確
開(kāi)展物流分析中所選的物質(zhì)通常與該物質(zhì)的使用強(qiáng)度無(wú)關(guān)()ThesubstanceselectedforMFAusuallyhasnothingtodowiththeintensityofitsuse()
參考答案:
錯(cuò)誤
開(kāi)展物質(zhì)流動(dòng)分析需要闡明選擇該物質(zhì)的理由()Thereasonsforchoosingthesubstanceneedtobeclarifiedinthematerialflowanalysis()
參考答案:
正確
酸性氣體年排放量可作為管理酸雨環(huán)境問(wèn)題的定性指標(biāo)而非定量指標(biāo)()Annualacidgasemissionscanbeusedasanindicatorotherthanametricformanagingacidrainenvironmentalproblems()
參考答案:
錯(cuò)誤
某工序是否需要收集數(shù)據(jù)取決于LCA研究目的和范圍()WhetheraprocessneedstocollectdatadependsonthegoalandscopeoftheLCAstudy()
參考答案:
正確
開(kāi)展物質(zhì)人為流動(dòng)分析時(shí)應(yīng)優(yōu)先選擇()Whencarryingoutamaterialanthropogenicflowanalysis,priorityshouldbegivento()
參考答案:
物質(zhì)流動(dòng)受人類活動(dòng)影響較大的物質(zhì)
Thematerialwhoseflowisstronglyaffectedbyhumanactivity
環(huán)境負(fù)荷開(kāi)始下降時(shí),環(huán)境質(zhì)量就開(kāi)始好轉(zhuǎn)()AlltypesofenvironmentalloadsmustexperienceinverseUshapecurvesfromfirstrisetofall()
參考答案:
錯(cuò)誤
延長(zhǎng)產(chǎn)品使用壽命,可提高資源效率,但不能提高環(huán)境效率()Theextendingofproductlifespancanonlyimprovetheresourceefficiencyotherthantheenvironmentalefficiency()
參考答案:
錯(cuò)誤
IPAT方程中的T反映技術(shù)水平()TheparameterTinIPATequationcanreflectthetechnicallevel()
參考答案:
正確
與傳統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)相比,DfE的設(shè)計(jì)范圍()Comparedwiththetraditionaldesign,thedesignscopeofDFEwill()
參考答案:
從產(chǎn)品本身延伸為產(chǎn)品的整個(gè)生命周期
Beextendedfromtheproductitselftothewholelifecycleoftheproduct
以下哪種()材料的生態(tài)性能更好Whichofthefollowingmaterialshasbetterecologicalproperties()
參考答案:
使用壽命較長(zhǎng)
Materialswithlongerservicelifespans
以下哪一指標(biāo)可能反映IPAT中的T()WhichofthefollowingindicatorsmayrepresenttheTinIPATequation()
參考答案:
單位產(chǎn)品能源消耗量
Energyconsumptionperunitofproduct
IPAT方程中的A可以表示成哪項(xiàng)個(gè)方式()TheparameterAintheIPATequationcanbeexpressedas()
參考答案:
人均住房面積
Percapitahousingarea
為提高整個(gè)產(chǎn)業(yè)系統(tǒng)的能源效率應(yīng)適當(dāng)加大具有較高能源效率的行業(yè)在產(chǎn)業(yè)系統(tǒng)的百分比()Inordertoimprovetheenergyefficiencyofanindustrialsystem,theeconomicshareofindustrialsectorswithhigherenergyefficiencyshouldbeappropriatelyincreased()
參考答案:
正確
夏季適當(dāng)調(diào)高空調(diào)房間的溫度將有利于環(huán)境改善()Aproperhigherindoortemperaturesettledfortheair-conditioningsysteminsummerwillhelptoimprovetheenvironment()
參考答案:
正確
產(chǎn)業(yè)系統(tǒng)最主要功能是()Themainfunctionoftheindustrialsystemis()
參考答案:
將自然資源轉(zhuǎn)換為滿足人類特定需要的服務(wù)或產(chǎn)品
Convertingnaturalresourcesintoservicesorproductsthatmeetspecifichumanneeds
基于pressure-state-response框架建立管理指標(biāo)體系應(yīng)考慮()方面內(nèi)容BasedonthePressure-State-ResponseFramework,whichofthefollowingshouldbeconsideredastheaspectsofmanagementindexsystem()
參考答案:
人類對(duì)環(huán)境的壓力、環(huán)境狀態(tài)、人類應(yīng)對(duì)措施
Humanpressureontheenvironment,thestateoftheenvironment,humanresponsemeasures
管理指標(biāo)體系應(yīng)能反映系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部要素與外在行為間因果關(guān)系()Amanagementmetricsystemshouldreflectthecausalrelationshipbetweeninternalelementsandexternalbehaviors()
參考答案:
正確
多級(jí)指標(biāo)體系(hierarchicalmetricssystems)中各級(jí)指標(biāo)間應(yīng)()Whichofthefollowingrelationshipshouldexistinthemetricsatdifferentlevelsofanhierarchicalmetricssystems()
參考答案:
彼此聯(lián)系,下一級(jí)指標(biāo)分?jǐn)偵弦患?jí)同名指標(biāo)的數(shù)據(jù)
Toassociateeachother,andthelowerlevelmetricisusedtosharethevalueofthesamenamemetricatthenexthigherlevel
以下哪項(xiàng)()可作為管理水體富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化的指標(biāo)Whichofthefollowinggroups()canbeusedasmetricstomanageeutrophicationofwaterbody
參考答案:
氮排放量、水體內(nèi)氮濃度、除氮設(shè)備投資
Nitrogenemissions,nitrogenconcentrationinwater,investmentonnitrogenremovalequipment
嚴(yán)格地說(shuō),以下哪項(xiàng)()是定量指標(biāo)(Metric)而非定性指標(biāo)(indicator)Strictlyspeaking,whichofthefollowing()isametricratherthananindicator
參考答案:
二氧化碳排放強(qiáng)度
Carbondioxideemissionintensity
生態(tài)效率越高,意味著技術(shù)水平也越高()Ahighereco-efficiencyusuallyindicatesahigherleveloftechnology()
參考答案:
正確
與人工洗碗相比,采用洗碗機(jī)最明顯的收益是()Comparedwithmanualdishwashing,whichofthefollowingdescribesthemostobviousbenefitfromusingdishwashers()
參考答案:
省時(shí)省力
Savingtimeandlabor
對(duì)生產(chǎn)工藝進(jìn)行生態(tài)設(shè)計(jì)屬于()措施TheDfEofproductionprocessesbelongstomeasuresfor()
參考答案:
污染預(yù)防
Pollutionprevention
以下哪項(xiàng)()不屬產(chǎn)品系統(tǒng)的組成階段Whichofthefollowingdoesnotbetreatedasthecomponentstageofaproductsystem()
參考答案:
產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)
Productdesign
以下哪項(xiàng)()不屬于“瓶子”的功能Whichofthefollowingdoesnotdescribethefunctionofabottle()
參考答案:
抗震
Quakeresistant
pressure-state-response框架中的state是指環(huán)境的狀態(tài)()Theterm“state”inthePressure-State-Responseframeworkreferstotheenvironmentalstateoftheresearcharea()
參考答案:
正確
嚴(yán)格地說(shuō),“服務(wù)”和“產(chǎn)品”是一回事()Strictlyspeaking,"service"and"product"aretotallythesame()
參考答案:
錯(cuò)誤
產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)量通常可作為“輸出”數(shù)據(jù)()Productoutputcanusuallybeusedasan"output"data()
參考答案:
正確
流出產(chǎn)品系統(tǒng)且需要人類進(jìn)一步加工后才能排入環(huán)境的物質(zhì)屬于基本流()Materialsthatflowoutoftheproductsystemandrequirefurtherhumansubsequenttransformationbeforetheycanbedischargedintotheenvironmentbelongstoelementaryflows()
參考答案:
錯(cuò)誤
服務(wù)型社會(huì)中,市場(chǎng)上將更多地銷售“產(chǎn)品”()Inaservice-orientedsociety,moresalesofproductsthanserviceswillbeshowedinthemarket()
參考答案:
錯(cuò)誤
生命周期清單分析(LCI)是編制和量化整個(gè)產(chǎn)品系統(tǒng)所有生命周期的各個(gè)輸入和輸出的過(guò)程()Lifecycleinventoryanalysis(LCI)istheprocessofcompilingandquantifyingallinputsandoutputsoftheentireproductsystem()
參考答案:
正確
開(kāi)展循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì),應(yīng)重點(diǎn)關(guān)注并循環(huán)利用()物質(zhì)Whichofthefollowing()shouldbeemphasizedonitsrecycling
參考答案:
穩(wěn)定型物質(zhì)Materialinstableuse
初步調(diào)研是為了了解環(huán)境污染形成的細(xì)節(jié)()Apreliminaryinvestigationisusedtoobtainthedetailsoftheformationofenvironmentalpollution()
參考答案:
錯(cuò)誤
物質(zhì)用量年增長(zhǎng)率越高表明該物質(zhì)的使用強(qiáng)度在加大()Ahigherannualgrowthrateinmaterialusesindicatesanincreasingintensityofmaterialuses()
參考答案:
正確
進(jìn)行物質(zhì)流動(dòng)定量分析應(yīng)遵循以下哪種定律()Whichofthefollowing()shouldbeobeyedinquantitativeanalysisofmaterialflow()
參考答案:
物質(zhì)守恒定律
Lawofmassconservation
以下()全面描述了STAF框架與動(dòng)力學(xué)框架的主要差別WhichofthefollowingcomprehensivelydescribesthemaindifferencesbetweentheSTAFframeworkandthedynamicframework()
參考答案:
以上四項(xiàng)都是
Alltheabovefouritems
宏觀看來(lái),產(chǎn)業(yè)系統(tǒng)的主要功能是不斷將資源轉(zhuǎn)化為具有特定服務(wù)功能的產(chǎn)品來(lái)服務(wù)人類需要()Inmacroscopicview,themainfunctionofindustrialsystemsistoservehumanneedsthroughcontinuouslyconvertingresourcesintoproductswithspecificservicefunctions()
參考答案:
正確
就理發(fā)而言,人們購(gòu)買的是“服務(wù)”,而不是“產(chǎn)品”()Inhaircutting,whatpeopleboughtisa"service"ratherthan"products"()
參考答案:
正確
LCA研究結(jié)果不能用于()用途W(wǎng)hichofthefollowingusagescouldnotbesupportedbyaLCAstudy()
參考答案:
景觀設(shè)計(jì)
Landscapedesign
PSR框架適用于任何發(fā)展時(shí)期的環(huán)境管理()ThePSRframeworkcansuitforalltheenvironmentalmanagementatanystageofdevelopment()
參考答案:
錯(cuò)誤
對(duì)LCA研究結(jié)果越敏感的參數(shù),其取值應(yīng)越慎重()MoremoreattentionshouldbepaidtothoseparametersthataremoresensitivetoLCAresults()
參考答案:
正確
以下哪項(xiàng)()是企業(yè)引導(dǎo)消費(fèi)的最好辦法Whichofthefollowing()isthebestwayforenterprisestoguidesocialconsumption
參考答案:
制造生態(tài)標(biāo)志產(chǎn)品
Tomakeeco-labelproducts
以下哪個(gè)指標(biāo)()可用于識(shí)別某研究主體中的重點(diǎn)組分Whichofthefollowingindicators()canbeusedtoidentifythekeycomponentsinaresearchsubject
參考答案:
某組分占研究主體總量的百分比
Thepercentageofacomponentinthetotalsubject
以下哪項(xiàng)()屬于基本流(elementaryflow)Whichofthefollowingisanelementaryflow()
參考答案:
擬填埋的垃圾
Thewasteforlandfill
以下哪項(xiàng)()中的物質(zhì)處于使用狀態(tài)(In-usestock)Whichofthefollowing()belongstothein-usestock
參考答案:
公路上行駛的汽車
Thecarrunningontheroad
清單分析過(guò)程中一般不經(jīng)歷()步驟Whichofthefollowinggenerallydoesnotgothroughinaninventoryanalysis()
參考答案:
數(shù)據(jù)質(zhì)量檢查
Dataqualitycheck
以下哪項(xiàng)()中的物質(zhì)屬于處于使用狀態(tài)(In-usestock)Whichofthefollowing()belongstothein-usestock
參考答案:
正在居住的房屋
Ahousewithlivingresidents
物質(zhì)在用量的形成是某特定時(shí)期內(nèi)流入使用階段的物質(zhì)量小于流出使用的物質(zhì)量的結(jié)果()Amaterialin-usestockresultsfromwhenmorematerialentersUse-stagethanthatleavesUseinacertainperiodoftime()
參考答案:
正確
企業(yè)開(kāi)展引導(dǎo)消費(fèi)活動(dòng)時(shí)通常不采用()措施Whichofthefollowing()isnotbeadaptedinenterprisesforguidingsocialconsumption
參考答案:
降低產(chǎn)品價(jià)格
Toreducesproductprice
工業(yè)系統(tǒng)的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)與資源環(huán)境特征可表征為()指標(biāo)Thesocio-economicandresource-environmentcharacteristicsofindustrialsystemscanbedescribedbyindicatorsin()
參考答案:
鋼鐵產(chǎn)量、鋼鐵工業(yè)增加值、鐵礦石消耗量、CO2排放量
Ironandsteelproduction,ironandsteelindustryvalueadded,ironoreconsumption,CO2emissions
環(huán)境中污染物超出環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)可歸因于長(zhǎng)期的人為排放廢物()Theexceedingofpollutantsintheenvironmentovertheenvironmentalqualitystandardscanbeputdowntolong-termanthropogenicemissions()
參考答案:
正確
產(chǎn)業(yè)系統(tǒng)是人類與地表長(zhǎng)期交互作用的產(chǎn)物()Theindustrialsystemresultsfromthelong-terminteractionbetweenhumanbeingsandtheearth'ssurface()
參考答案:
正確
人類需求是任何系統(tǒng)發(fā)展的驅(qū)動(dòng)力()Humanneedsarethedrivingforcebehindanysystemdevelopment()
參考答案:
錯(cuò)誤
以下哪組()可作為管理酸雨的指標(biāo)Whichofthefollowinggroups()canbeusedasmetricstomanageacidrain
參考答案:
酸性氣體排放、大氣氫離子濃度、酸性氣體減排量
acidgasemissions,atmospherichydrogenionconcentrations,reductionofacidgases
以下()指標(biāo)隨年份的變化最適合用于全球變暖環(huán)境管理Theannualchangeof()isthemostsuitablemetricforglobalwarmingmanagement
參考答案:
溫室氣體排放量,以CO2當(dāng)量/年計(jì)算
GHGsemissions,representedasCO2equivalentperyear
以下哪項(xiàng)指標(biāo)()可作為企業(yè)層面管理指標(biāo)Whichofthefollowing()canserveasanfirm-levelmetric
參考答案:
單位產(chǎn)品有害氣體排放量
Theharmfulgasemissionsperunitofproducts
某一種LCI結(jié)果只分派給一種環(huán)境影響類型的情形是()WhichofthefollowingsuitstoassignaLCIresulttoonlyonecategoryofenvironmentalimpact()
參考答案:
某LCI結(jié)果隸屬某一特定環(huán)境影響類型
TheLCIresultbelongstoonetypeofenvironmentalimpact
“生物”和“企業(yè)”都會(huì)因其不再滿足社會(huì)需要而死亡()Bothecologicalorganismsandindustrialorganismswilldiebecausetheynolongermeetsocialneeds()
參考答案:
錯(cuò)誤
產(chǎn)業(yè)系統(tǒng)與生態(tài)系統(tǒng)完全相同,所以兩者可以進(jìn)行類比分析()Theindustrialsystemandtheecosystemareexactlythesame,thuswecanmakeananalogybetweenthetwosystems()
參考答案:
錯(cuò)誤
以下哪項(xiàng)()不屬于基本流(elementaryflow)Whichofthefollowingisnotanelementaryflow()
參考答案:
金屬材料
Metalmaterial
某地區(qū)環(huán)境重金屬污染物超標(biāo)通常與哪項(xiàng)()無(wú)關(guān)Whichitemisusuallyunrelatedtotheexcessofheavymetalpollutantsinanarea()
參考答案:
金屬物質(zhì)自然地表遷移
Naturalmigrationofmetalsubstanceontheearthsurface
同類環(huán)境影響不同物質(zhì)的特征化因子是不同的()Thecharacteristicfactorsofthesametypeofenvironmentimpactfordifferentsubstancesarealwaysdifferent()
參考答案:
正確
產(chǎn)業(yè)系統(tǒng)的生態(tài)效率可采用以下哪項(xiàng)()進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)Whichofthefollowingcanbeusedtoevaluatetheeco-efficiencyofanindustrialsystem()
參考答案:
系統(tǒng)服務(wù)量與環(huán)境負(fù)荷之比Theratioofservicevolumetoitsrelatedenvironmentalload
在能源使用方面,產(chǎn)業(yè)系統(tǒng)與生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的主要差異是()Themaindifferenceinuseofenergybetweenindustrialsystemsandecosystemsshowsas()
參考答案:
能量從生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中的最低營(yíng)養(yǎng)級(jí)流入,而產(chǎn)業(yè)系統(tǒng)可從任何“營(yíng)養(yǎng)級(jí)”流入
Energyflowsintoecosystemsfromthelowesttrophiclevelwhileintoindustrialsystemsfromanytrophiclevels
識(shí)別重要事項(xiàng)是把對(duì)LCI或LCIA結(jié)果具有重要影響的事項(xiàng)識(shí)別出來(lái),并在研究中充分重視()ImportantissueidentificationisusedtoidentifytheimportantitemsthathaveasignificantimpactonLCAorLCIAresultssothatmoreattentionshouldbepaidinthestudy()
參考答案:
正確
材料替代(materialsubstitution)通常發(fā)生于()情形Materialsubstitutionusuallyoccursinthecaseof()
參考答案:
性能相當(dāng)而成本更低
Comparableperformancewithlowercost
單位產(chǎn)品有害氣體排放量可作為企業(yè)層面管理指標(biāo)()Theharmfulgasemissionsperunitofproductcanbeusedasanfirmlevelmetricinmanagement()
參考答案:
正確
“工序”的“輸出”數(shù)據(jù)將不涉及()數(shù)據(jù)類型Whichofthefollowingwillnotbelistedintheoutputdataofaprocess()
參考答案:
水耗
Waterconsumption
LCIA與其它LCA階段的關(guān)系可描述為()TherelationshipbetweenLCIAandotherLCAphasesofaLCAstudycanbedescribedas()
參考答案:
LCIA根據(jù)清單分析結(jié)果來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)環(huán)境影響的大小并為“解釋”階段提供必要信息
LCIAevaluatesthesizeoftheenvironmentalimpactbasedontheresultsoftheinventoryanalysisandprovidesthenecessaryinformationforthe"interpretation"phase
以下哪個(gè)()屬于與“輸出”有關(guān)的環(huán)境影響類型Whichofthefollowingbelongstotheenvironmentalimpactrelatedtothe"output"()
參考答案:
全球氣候變暖
Globalwarming
同類環(huán)境影響采用同種環(huán)境影響指標(biāo)進(jìn)行量化匯總()Thesamecategoryofenvironmentalimpactshouldbequantifiedandintegratedbythesameimpactindicator()
參考答案:
正確
以下哪一指標(biāo)可用作某系統(tǒng)的環(huán)境負(fù)荷()Whichofthefollowingindicatorscanbetreatedastheenvironmentalloadsofasystem()
參考答案:
溫室氣體排放量
Thegreenhousegasemissions
每只100lx、使用壽命為1000h的燈泡在服役期共消耗1000kwh電能;某服務(wù)需要1000只這種燈泡,服役中將消耗()電能Each100lxbulbwithaservicelifeof1000hconsumesatotalof1000kwhpowerduringtheserviceperiod;1000suchbulbsarerequiredforaservice,andtheservicewillconsume()electricenergy
參考答案:
1Mwh
開(kāi)展物質(zhì)流動(dòng)分析可能有以下用途()WhichofthefollowinggivesanoveralldescriptionoftheMFAusage()
參考答案:
以上都是
Alltheabove
LCA研究結(jié)果不能用于促進(jìn)產(chǎn)品開(kāi)拓市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷渠道()TheresultsofLCAstudycannotbeusedtopromotethemarketingofproducts()
參考答案:
錯(cuò)誤
以下哪項(xiàng)可作為開(kāi)展產(chǎn)業(yè)生態(tài)學(xué)研究的重要依據(jù)()Whichofthefollowingcanbeusedasanimportantreasonforstudyofindustrialecology()
參考答案:
現(xiàn)有環(huán)境問(wèn)題的人為成因大多來(lái)自強(qiáng)烈人類活動(dòng),特別是產(chǎn)業(yè)活動(dòng)對(duì)地表的干擾
Theman-madecausesofexistingenvironmentalproblemsmostlycomefromstronghumanactivities,especiallytheinterferenceofindustrialactivitiesontheearthsurface
國(guó)際LCA標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中采用IPCC特征化模型的是()環(huán)境影響IntheinternationalLCAstandard,whichofthefollowingisevaluatedbasedIPCCcharacteristicmodel()
參考答案:
氣候變化
Climatechange
環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)階段可不必開(kāi)展()分析WhichofthefollowingdoesnottobedoneintheimpactassessmentphaseofaLCAstudy()
參考答案:
數(shù)據(jù)質(zhì)量分析
Dataqualityanalysis
產(chǎn)業(yè)生態(tài)進(jìn)化的理想目標(biāo)是()Theidealgoalofindustrialecologicalevolutionis()
參考答案:
消耗盡可能少的自然資源、排放盡量少的環(huán)境廢物,產(chǎn)業(yè)系統(tǒng)在太陽(yáng)能驅(qū)動(dòng)下穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行
Theindustrialsystemcanoperatestablyundersolarpowerwithaslessconsumptionofnaturalresourcesandlessenvironmentalemissionsaspossible
產(chǎn)業(yè)系統(tǒng)是借助自然力隨地表系統(tǒng)自然演化形成的系統(tǒng)()Industrialsystemisasystemthatresultsfromnaturalevolutionofthenaturalsystemontheearthsurfacewiththenaturalforce()
參考答案:
錯(cuò)誤
典型地,多級(jí)指標(biāo)體系可包括()幾個(gè)層面的指標(biāo)Typically,hierarchicalmetricssystemscanincludethefollowing()levelsofmetrics
參考答案:
全球?qū)用?、?guó)家層面、區(qū)域?qū)用?/p>
Globallevel,nationallevel,regionallevel
引起全球變暖主要人類活動(dòng)是()Themainhumanactivitiesthatcauseglobalwarmingis()
參考答案:
人類生產(chǎn)與消費(fèi)活動(dòng)
Humanproductionandconsumptionactivities
交通運(yùn)輸、郵電等不屬于產(chǎn)業(yè)系統(tǒng)()Transportation,PostandTelecommunicationsdonotbelongtotheIndustrialsystem()
參考答案:
錯(cuò)誤
pressure-state-response框架中的Pressure是指人類對(duì)環(huán)境的壓力()Theterm“pressure”inthePressure-State-Responseframeworkrepresentsthepressurefromhumanactivitiesontheenvironment()
參考答案:
正確
以下哪項(xiàng)()不宜作為環(huán)境管理定性指標(biāo)Whichofthefollowing()doesnotsuittobeanindicatorofenvironmentalmanagement
參考答案:
生產(chǎn)規(guī)模
Productionscale
狹義地講,下列哪組()屬于“服務(wù)”而不屬于“產(chǎn)品”Inanarrowsense,whichofthefollowingcanbecalledasa"service"ratherthana"product"()
參考答案:
衣物干洗
Cleaningofclothes
嚴(yán)格地說(shuō),以下哪項(xiàng)()是定性指標(biāo)(indicator)而非定量指標(biāo)(Metric)Strictlyspeaking,whichofthefollowing()isanindicatorratherthanametric
參考答案:
氣候變化
Climatechange
涂料生產(chǎn)中,每生產(chǎn)1000升涂料A,需要某原材料100kg,為獲得5升涂料A,將消耗該原料的數(shù)量為()kgGiventhat100kgofrawmaterialisconsumedtoproduce1000litersofpaintAinpaintproduction.Inordertoproduce5litersofpaintA,howmuchrawmaterialwillbeconsumed()
參考答案:
0.5升
0.5liters
物流分析動(dòng)力學(xué)框架與STAF框架基本相同()ThedynamicframeworkofMFAisroughlythesameastheSTAFframework()
參考答案:
錯(cuò)誤
開(kāi)展生態(tài)設(shè)計(jì),將不需要()加入設(shè)計(jì)小組TocarryoutDfE,whichofthefollowingneednottojointhedesignpanel()
參考答案:
以上都不是
Noneoftheabove
應(yīng)優(yōu)先選擇()物質(zhì)開(kāi)展物質(zhì)人為流動(dòng)分析Whenwecarryoutamaterialanthropogenicflowanalysis,thepriorityshouldbegivento()
參考答案:
與科學(xué)或技術(shù)發(fā)展密切相關(guān)的物質(zhì)
Thematerialwithhighscientificortechnologicalinteresting
產(chǎn)業(yè)生態(tài)進(jìn)化的目的是協(xié)調(diào)人類與環(huán)境間關(guān)系()Thegoalofindustrialecologicalevolutionistocoordinatethehuman-environmentrelationship()
參考答案:
正確
對(duì)于水體污染區(qū)域,以下()可用作環(huán)境管理指標(biāo)Forwaterpollutedareas,whichofthefollowinggroups()canbeusedasenvironmentalmanagementmetrics
參考答案:
水體污染物超標(biāo)指數(shù)、水體污染物年排放量、廢水達(dá)標(biāo)排放率Waterpollutantoverstandardindex,annualdischargeofwaterpollutants,thedischargerateofwastewaterappropriatetostandard
物質(zhì)人為流動(dòng)過(guò)程中,不會(huì)經(jīng)歷以下()哪個(gè)階段Whichofthefollowingwillnotbeexperiencedduringthematerialanthropogenicflows()
參考答案:
物質(zhì)在水體中遷移
Materialtransferinwaterbody
資源保證年限越長(zhǎng)表明資源越豐富()Thelongertheresourceservice,thericherwillbetheresource()
參考答案:
正確
開(kāi)展物流分析時(shí)選用物質(zhì)的原則是一成不變的()Theprincipleofselectingsubstancesformaterialflowanalysisisalwaysthesame()
參考答案:
錯(cuò)誤
中國(guó)現(xiàn)行的國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)行業(yè)劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是GB/T4754-2011()ThecurrentindustrialclassificationstandardfornationaleconomicactivitiesofChinaisGB/T4754-2011()
參考答案:
錯(cuò)誤
某一種LCI結(jié)果只能分派給一種環(huán)境影響類型()ALCAresultcanonlybeassignedtoonetypeofenvironmentalimpact()
參考答案:
錯(cuò)誤
以下哪項(xiàng)()不是耗散型產(chǎn)品Whichofthefollowingisnotadissipativeproduct()
參考答案:
鉛筆盒
Pencilbox
開(kāi)展生態(tài)設(shè)計(jì)(DesignforEnvironment,DfE)的目的是()ThepurposeofcarryingoutDfEis()
參考答案:
改善環(huán)境質(zhì)量
Toimprovetheenvironmentquality
為提高特定區(qū)域產(chǎn)業(yè)系統(tǒng)的能源效率應(yīng)優(yōu)先關(guān)注()Inordertoimprovetheenergyefficiencyoftheindustrialsystemsinaspecificregion,priorityattentionshouldbegivento()
參考答案:
能耗占比較大的部門
Thesectorswithlargercontributiontototalindustrialenergyconsumption
在環(huán)境管理初步調(diào)研階段,通常不會(huì)采用()途徑獲得信息Inthepreliminaryinvestigationofenvironmentalmanagementprogram,whichofthefollowingwillnotbeusedtogatherthewantedinformation()
參考答案:
生產(chǎn)車間現(xiàn)場(chǎng)測(cè)試
Fieldtestatproductionworkshop
通常初步調(diào)研要早于企業(yè)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)研進(jìn)行()Apreliminaryinvestigationisusuallyconductedearlierthantheenterprisefieldsurvey()
參考答案:
正確
IE要求企業(yè)僅針對(duì)產(chǎn)品制造階段進(jìn)行管理()InviewofIndustrialEcology,anenterpriseneedsonlymanagethefabricationandmanufacturestageofitsproducts()
參考答案:
錯(cuò)誤
生態(tài)效率較社會(huì)服務(wù)增長(zhǎng)更快時(shí),環(huán)境負(fù)荷開(kāi)始下降()Wheneco-efficiencygrowsfasterthansocialservices,environmentalimpactswillbegintodecrease()
參考答案:
正確
LCA研究中可通過(guò)編制數(shù)據(jù)收集表由現(xiàn)場(chǎng)人員收集運(yùn)行數(shù)據(jù)()InaLCAstudy,datacollectionformscanbepreparedandsenttofieldpersonneltocollectdata()
參考答案:
正確
產(chǎn)業(yè)系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行中可對(duì)外部環(huán)境產(chǎn)生以下()4個(gè)方面的影響Theindustrialsystemmayimpactthefollowing()fourtypesofexternalenvironmentduringitsoperation
參考答案:
資源、環(huán)境、社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)
Resource,environment,society,economy
以下哪項(xiàng)()不能反映物質(zhì)的使用強(qiáng)度Whichofthefollowing()doesnotreflecttheintensityofmaterialuses
參考答案:
物質(zhì)資源礦儲(chǔ)量
Mineralresourcereserves
本課程關(guān)心的環(huán)境問(wèn)題類型不包括哪項(xiàng)()Whichtypesofenvironmentalissuesareoutofinteresttothiscourse()
參考答案:
人口過(guò)剩
Over-population
在管理中,“金屬物質(zhì)在用量”不能表征以下哪項(xiàng)()Fromamanagementperspective,whichofthefollowing()cannotbeindicatedbymaterialin-usestock
參考答案:
未來(lái)的自然資源數(shù)量
Theamountofmetalthatreservedinnatureresource
循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)中應(yīng)以耗散型物質(zhì)(Materialindissipativeuses)為主進(jìn)行物質(zhì)循環(huán)()Thematerialindissipativeusesshouldbedominatedforrecyclinginacirculareconomy()
參考答案:
錯(cuò)誤
環(huán)境污染物排放與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)間的關(guān)系可描述為()Therelationshipbetweentheenvironmentalemissionandeconomicgrowthcanbedescribedas()
參考答案:
若干種環(huán)境污染物排放隨經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)呈現(xiàn)出先升后降的倒U型SeveralkindsofenvironmentalemissionsincreasefirstandthendecreasewitheconomicgrowthasinverseUCurves
該課程教學(xué)中采用了以下哪種()方法Whichofthefollowingmethodshavebeenusedintheteachingofthepresentcourse()
參考答案:
研討式
Research&Discussionapproach
“產(chǎn)業(yè)”可概括描述為哪項(xiàng)()經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)Whichitemissuittodescribeindustryactivities()
參考答案:
生產(chǎn)物質(zhì)產(chǎn)品或提供社會(huì)服務(wù)
Productionofmaterialgoodsorprovisionofsocialservices
“氣候變化”特征化因子(Characterizationfactor)是()Thecharacterizationfactorof"Climatechange"environmentalimpactis()
參考答案:
全球變暖潛力
Globalwarmingpotential(GWP)
通常生態(tài)效率越高意味著哪種情形()Usually,ahighereco-efficiencymayindicates()
參考答案:
消耗同等的資源將獲得更多的服務(wù)
Achievingmoreserviceswiththesameresourceconsumption
以下哪項(xiàng)指標(biāo)()可作為政府層面管理指標(biāo)Whichofthefollowing()canserveasagovernment-levelmetric
參考答案:
溫室氣體排放量
Greenhousegasemissions
定性指標(biāo)和定量指標(biāo)具有完全相同的作用()Anindicatorhasthesamefunctionasametric()
參考答案:
錯(cuò)誤
氮磷排放量可作為水體富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化環(huán)境問(wèn)題的管理定量指標(biāo)()Nitrogenandphosphorusemissionscanbeusedasmetricsformanagementofeutrophicationinwaterbodies()
參考答案:
正確
以下哪個(gè)()不可能作為清單分析的“輸出”數(shù)據(jù)Whichofthefollowingcannotbeusedasthe"output"dataforaninventoryanalysis()
參考答案:
工序用能
Energyenteringaprocess
應(yīng)優(yōu)先選擇()開(kāi)展物質(zhì)人為流動(dòng)分析Whencarryingoutmaterialanthropogenicflowanalysis,priorityshouldbegivento()
參考答案:
人類使用強(qiáng)度較大的物質(zhì)
Thematerialwithahigherrateofuse
針對(duì)不同區(qū)域,相同行業(yè)同類生態(tài)效率之間通常存在()關(guān)系Fordifferentregions,thesametypeofeco-efficiencyofthesameindustrialsectorusuallyshowsthat()
參考答案:
數(shù)值各不相同
Theirvaluesaregreatlydifferent
pressure-state-response框架較適合用于制定()指標(biāo)Thepressure-state-responseframeworkismoresuitableforaregion()inthesettlementofitsmanagementindexsystem
參考答案:
環(huán)境尚未惡化的地區(qū)
Wheretheenvironmenthasnotbeendeteriorated
產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)為使產(chǎn)品便于拆解而進(jìn)行的設(shè)計(jì)可稱為()Thedesignofaproducttomakeiteasytodisassemblecanbecalledas()
參考答案:
為拆解而設(shè)計(jì)
Designfordisassembly
從系統(tǒng)論看,產(chǎn)業(yè)系統(tǒng)與地表系統(tǒng)之間關(guān)系可描述為()Fromtheperspectiveofsystemtheory,therelationshipbetweenindustrialsystemandthenaturalearthsurfacesystemcanbedescribedas()
參考答案:
產(chǎn)業(yè)系統(tǒng)可看作地表系統(tǒng)的一個(gè)組分
Industrialsystemcanberegardedasacomponentoftheearthsurfacesystem
關(guān)于產(chǎn)業(yè)系統(tǒng)與生態(tài)系統(tǒng)差異的描述以下哪項(xiàng)()正確Forthedifferencebetweenindustrialsystemandecosystem,whichofthefollowingisarightdescription()
參考答案:
產(chǎn)業(yè)組織用于生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品而生物則是繁殖同種
Industrialorganismsareusedtoproduceproductswhileecologicalorganismsreproducethesamespeciesofthemselves
通常可用礦產(chǎn)資源儲(chǔ)量表征人類對(duì)該資源的使用強(qiáng)度()Themineralresourcereservedcanrepresenttheintensityofhumanuseoftheresource()
參考答案:
錯(cuò)誤
LCA既可以評(píng)價(jià)“產(chǎn)品(或服務(wù))”的環(huán)境影響,也可以評(píng)價(jià)“工藝”的環(huán)境影響()LCAcanbeusedtoevaluatetheenvironmentalimpactofnotonly"products(orservices)”butalso"processes"()
參考答案:
正確
各時(shí)期國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)行業(yè)劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)完全一致()Thenationalindustrialclassificationstandardsindifferentperiodsusuallyremainsexactlythesame()
參考答案:
錯(cuò)誤
對(duì)于不同燃料,其GHGs排放系數(shù)()TheGHGsemissionfactorsofdifferentfuelsare()
參考答案:
各不相同
Differentvalue
以下哪項(xiàng)()有利于節(jié)約能源Whichofthefollowingsuitsforenergy-saving()
參考答案:
對(duì)供冷供熱管線進(jìn)行保溫
Makingthermalinsulationforcoolingandheatingpipelines
對(duì)于在完整性檢查中發(fā)現(xiàn)的缺失數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)()Whichofthefollowingsuittotreatthemissingdatathatfoundinthecompletenesscheck()
參考答案:
重新收集并補(bǔ)充該數(shù)據(jù)
Torecollectandreplenishthedata
某一時(shí)期物質(zhì)在用量(In-useStock)增量可估算為其間各年凈流入量的()Theincrementofin-usestockinacertainperiodcanbeestimatedbythe()ofannualnetinflows
參考答案:
累計(jì)值
Cumulativevalue
哪項(xiàng)()不會(huì)導(dǎo)致研究數(shù)據(jù)不一致WhichofthefollowingwillnotcauseaninconsistentdataforLCAstudy()
參考答案:
所有數(shù)據(jù)均采用同期同地現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)
Alldataarecollectedfromfieldmeasureddataatthesameperiodandthesamesite
某一LCI結(jié)果數(shù)據(jù)只能分派給一種環(huán)境影響類型()AcertainLCIresultcanonlybeassignedtoonetypeofenvironmentalimpact()
參考答案:
錯(cuò)誤
國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中選用全球變暖潛力Globalwarmingpotential作為“氣候變化”環(huán)境影響類型的特征化因子(Characterizationfactor)()IntheISOLCAstandard,GWP(globalwarmingpotential)ischosenasthecharacterizationfactorfor"climatechange"environmentalimpact()
參考答案:
正確
采用bottom-up方法估算某區(qū)域物質(zhì)M在用量時(shí)可采用以下()計(jì)算Whichofthefollowing()extensivelydescribesthemethodforestimatingtheregionalin-usestockofacertainsubstanceMinabottom-upmethod
參考答案:
以上方法都可用
Alloftheabove
以下哪項(xiàng)()不屬于洗衣機(jī)洗滌過(guò)程中的數(shù)據(jù)Whichofthefollowingisnotadataforwashingprocess()
參考答案:
洗衣機(jī)鋼板用量
Steelplateusedinwashingmachines
以下哪項(xiàng)()不是影響LCA結(jié)果的重要事項(xiàng)Whichofthefollowing()isnotanimportantissuethataffectingtheLCAresults()
參考答案:
數(shù)據(jù)檢驗(yàn)方法
Themethodfordatacheckness
中間產(chǎn)品一定不屬于基本流()Anintermediateproductisneveranelementaryflow()
參考答案:
正確
越敏感的參數(shù),其數(shù)值變化將對(duì)LCA研究結(jié)果將產(chǎn)生()Themoresensitivetheparameter,()totheLCAresultwillbeproducedfromitsnumericalchanges()
參考答案:
更大的影響
Themoreinfluence
下面哪種情形的環(huán)境負(fù)荷將不斷增大()Whichofthefollowingscenarioswillhaveanincreasingenvironmentalload()
參考答案:
生態(tài)效率增長(zhǎng)速度低于社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)速度
Eco-efficiencygrowsslowerthansocialeconomy
一旦生態(tài)效率較社會(huì)服務(wù)增長(zhǎng)更快,環(huán)境質(zhì)量就一定開(kāi)始好轉(zhuǎn)()Whenevereco-efficiencygrowsfasterthansocialservices,environmentalqualitymustturnbetter()
參考答案:
錯(cuò)誤
產(chǎn)業(yè)系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行對(duì)社會(huì)的長(zhǎng)期影響表現(xiàn)為物質(zhì)在社會(huì)中的蓄積()Thelong-termimpactofindustrialsystemoperationonsocietyshowsasanaccumulationofmaterialinsociety()
參考答案:
正確
所有環(huán)境負(fù)荷的變化都必然經(jīng)歷從先升后降的倒U型曲線()AlltypesofenvironmentalloadsmustexperienceinverseUshapecurvesfromfirstrisetofall()
參考答案:
錯(cuò)誤
穩(wěn)定型物質(zhì)(Materialinstableuse)通常具有一定的使用壽命和較好的循環(huán)再生潛力()Materialinstableuseusuallyhasalongservicelifeandabetterpotentialforfuturerecycling()
參考答案:
正確
所有LCA都必須經(jīng)過(guò)清單分析階段()AllLCAstudiesmustexperiencetheinventoryanalysisphase()
參考答案:
正確
產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)為使產(chǎn)品便于性能測(cè)試而進(jìn)行的設(shè)計(jì)可稱為()Thedesignofaproducttofacilitatefactoryandfieldtestingcanbecalledas()
參考答案:
為測(cè)試而
Designfortestability
以下哪項(xiàng)()屬于與“輸入”有關(guān)的環(huán)境影響類型Whichofthefollowingbelongstotheenvironmentalimpactassociatedwith"input"()
參考答案:
化石燃料
Depletionoffossilfuels
同種物質(zhì)不同環(huán)境影響類型的特征化因子是完全相同的()Thecharacterizationfactorsforthesamesubstanceindifferenttypesofenvironmentalimpactsareallexactlythesame()
參考答案:
錯(cuò)誤
基于pressure-state-response框架,以下哪項(xiàng)()適合用做酸雨管理指標(biāo)Basedonthepressure-state-responseframework,whichgroupofthefollowingindicatorsissuitableforacidrainmanagement()
參考答案:
酸性氣體排放量、大氣中氫離子濃度、酸性氣體減排政策
Theacidgasemissions,theconcentrationofhydrogenionsintheatmosphere,acidgasreductionpolicy
銷售服務(wù)代替銷售產(chǎn)品是為了降低環(huán)境負(fù)荷()Sellingservicesinsteadofproductsisusedtoreduceenvironmentalimpacts()
參考答案:
正確
“生物”可繁殖同種生物,而“企業(yè)”卻可培育非同種企業(yè)()Ecologicalorganismscanreproducethesamespeciesofthemselves,whereasindustrialorganismscancreateheterogeneousenterprise()
參考答案:
正確
鋼鐵工業(yè)系統(tǒng)的資源環(huán)境特征可采用()指標(biāo)描述Theresourceandenvironmentalcharacteristicsoftheironandsteelindustrysystemcanbedescribedbyindicatorsin()
參考答案:
鐵礦石消耗量、一次能源消耗量、水消耗量、廢氣排放量
Theironoreconsumption,theprimaryenergyconsumption,freshwaterconsumption,gasemissions
對(duì)于環(huán)境已經(jīng)惡化的地區(qū),其環(huán)境管理通常依次經(jīng)歷以下四個(gè)特征點(diǎn)()Forregionsunderdeterioratedenvironment,theirenvironmentalmanagementmayexperiencethefollowing4specialpointsinorderof()
參考答案:
分離點(diǎn)、漲停點(diǎn)、下降點(diǎn)、恢復(fù)
Separationpoint,culminationpoint,descentpoint,recoverypoint
產(chǎn)業(yè)系統(tǒng)持續(xù)向環(huán)境排放的廢物最終將形成環(huán)境中()Thecontinuouslyreleasesofwastetotheenvironmentbyindustrialsystemswilleventuallyform()intheenvironment
參考答案:
環(huán)境廢物的人為環(huán)境累積庫(kù)
Ananthropogenicstockofenvironmentalwastes
產(chǎn)品包裝設(shè)計(jì)時(shí),應(yīng)優(yōu)先采用多種材料進(jìn)行包裝()Indesignofpackages,priorityshouldbegiventopackagingwithseveralkinds
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