2023年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)歷年高頻考題黑鉆摘選版附帶答案

2023年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)歷年高頻考題黑鉆摘選版附帶答案（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）答案解析附后第1卷一.綜合題(共20題)1.單選題Whilesomebusinessexecutivesrepeatedtheirobjectionstothenewsmokingrestrictions,otherssaidtheywantedmoretimeto（

）theimpactoftoday'sdecision.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.attestB.obtainC.affectD.weigh2.單選題（

）atconveyingherunderlyingmessagesthroughtheskilleduseofwordsthatherlecturewasgreetedbystudentswithdeafeningapplause.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.SosuccessfulthespeakerwasB.SosuccessfulwasthespeakerC.ThespeakersosuccessfulD.Becausethespeakerwassosuccessful3.單選題Wenowcometothevitaltopicofmoney.First,wemustrememberthatscience,onanysignificantscale,existsonlyineconomieswherethereissurplusofgoodsandservices.Aprosperouseconomyformsanecessarybaseforscientificwork.Tragically,theeconomiesofthe"underdeveloped"countries,wheretheneedisoverwhelming,havenotsupported--norhavetheybeencapableofsupporting—anysubstantialscientificandtechnicaltrainingorresearch.ReadthespeechofP.M.S.Blackette,PresidentoftheRoyalSociety,inwhichtheexistinggreatdisparitybetweenthe"have"and"have-not"economiesisconsidered.Theprimarythemeofhisaddressisthatthegapisnotclosing;onthecontrary,itsteadilygrowswider.TheUnitedStates,asthemostwealthyindustrialnation,spendsagreateramountonresearchanddevelopmentthananyothernations.Itisbeyondthescopeofthisbooktoconsiderindetailwhethertheamountspentisadequate,eitherinrelationtoourowneconomyorinrelationtoourpositionintheworld.Atbestthequestionisanopenone.Inthelastfewyears,financialsupportforsciencehaschangedsignificantly.Itisfrustratingtoreportthat,inspiteofnumerousstatementsabouttheextentandnatureofthesechanges,ithasbeenimpossibletofindsufficientagreementtobesurejustwhathashappened.Twopointsdoappearclear.First,therehasbeenanoverallcutinresearchfunds,furtherreinforcedbysubstantialinflationofprices.Second,therehasbeenincreasedemphasison"relevant"researchthatisresearchwithimmediatepracticalapplications.Onereportthatreflectsmostcloselyourownestimateofthesituationwasmadebyafive-membercommitteefromtheNationalAcademyofSciences.ThisgroupinvestigatedfundingofchemistryprojectsbytheNationalInstitutesofHealth.Thecommitteeconcludedthatfundinghadbeendeclinedbyanaverageof20%andthatthesectionmostcloselyrelatedtobasicresearchhadfundscutinhalf.Thecommitteefoundthatvariousinstitutes,in-houseresearch,administrativebudgets,andcontinuingextramural（校外的）grantshadbeenprotectedwiththeresultthatnewandrenewalgrantshadbecomeadisasterarea.Otherreportsstatingthatfederalinstitutes’fundshavehadonlylimitedcutshaveapparentlyignoredthepointmadebytheNationalAcademyCommittee.1.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutthe"underdeveloped"countries?2.Whichofthefollowingwordsmeansnearlythesameas“disparity”usedinline6ofparagraphone?3.“Atbestthequestionisanopenone”inthesecondparagraphmeansthat（

）.4.Whichareaofresearchhassufferedmostfromthecutsinthefederalinstitutes’funds?5.Whichofthefollowingcouldbebestusedforthetitleofthepassage?問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.Theyneedscientificandtechnicaltrainingorresearchbadly.B.Theyaretoopoortospareenoughforthedevelopmentofscience.C.Theyhaveotherprioritiesinsteadofspendingadecentamountofmoneyonscience.D.Allofabove問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.DisputeB.DiversionC.InequalityD.Argument問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.thequestionhastobelefttothepublictodecideB.thequestionistooself-evidenttobediscussedanyfurtherC.differentpeoplemayhavedifferentopinionaboutthisquestionD.moreinformationhastobecollectedbeforethequestioncanbefinallyanswered問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.AppliedresearchB.BasicresearchC.ChemistryprojectsD.Newresearchprojects問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.DisputeaboutresearchfundingB.TrendsofresearchfundingC.ResearchanddevelopmentD.Basicandappliedresearches4.單選題Thenewprincipalhopesto（

）anumberofchangestothecoursesofstudy.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.affectB.effectC.reactD.influence5.單選題TheUniversityHealthServiceisanoutpatientfacilitywhichprovidesprimaryhealthcaretotheuniversitycommunity.TheHealthServicepersonnelincludesafamilypracticephysician,twonursepractitionersandamedicalsecretary.Thenursepractitionershaveresponsibilitytoprovidethehealthcaretothestudents,andtoobtainphysicianconsultationasneeded.Servicesincludechronic,acute,androutinemedicalcare,laboratorytests,allergyinjections,physicalexaminations,andcounselingandhealtheducation.Referralsaremadetonearbyspecialistswhennecessary.Forexaminationpurposes,bloodisdrawnonpremisesandsenttoalocallab.Laboratorytestssuchasurinalysisandmicroscopicexaminationsmaybedoneonpremisesatnocharge.Referralsaremadetoanearbyfacilityforx-rays.Medicinesaregivenasavailable.Prescriptionscanbefilledatoneofthelocalpharmacies.1.WhichofthefollowingisnotperformedatthefacilitiesoftheUniversityHealthservice?2.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?3.Theparagraphimmediatelyfollowingthepassageprobablydiscusses（

）.4.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthetoneofthepassage?5.Mostoftheprimaryhealthcareisprovidedby（

）.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.counselingB.x-raysC.allergyshotsD.urinalysis問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.Todescribeon-campusmedicalcareB.ToreportthemostcommonhealthcomplaintsC.TodescribethequalificationsofthestaffD.Tooutlineroutineinsurancepolicies問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.coursesmhealtheducationB.howtocallanambulanceC.thebusinesshoursoftheHealthServiceD.whytheHealthServiceisuseful問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.AlarmedB.SuperiorC.LiberalD.Objective問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.adoctorB.nursesC.amedicalsecretaryD.labtechnicians6.單選題Thelampwouldnotworkbecauseofa（

）intheswitch.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.defectB.blotC.foulD.shortcoming7.單選題（

）nolossofenergybyfriction,themotionwouldcontinuedefinitelyonceitstarted.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.TherewereB.WerethereC.TherewasD.Ifthereis8.單選題Theskierswouldrather（

）throughthemountainsthangobybus.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.totravelbytrainB.traveledbytrainC.travelbytrainD.travelingbytrain9.單選題（

）,Idonotlikehimasaman.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.IadmirehimasmuchasawriterB.AsIadmirehimasawriterC.MuchasIadmirehimasawriterD.AsmuchIadmireasawriter10.單選題Mr.Morgancanbeverysad（

），thoughinpublicheisextremelycheerful問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.inpersonB.inprivateC.byhimselfD.asindividual11.單選題Icanmeetyouateighto’clock;（

）youcancallforme.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.incidentallyB.actuallyC.alternativelyD.accordingly12.單選題After（

）seemedanendlesswait,itwashisturntogivealecturetotheaudience.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.itB.thatC.theseD.what13.單選題Myfatherdecidestomakemegobacktocollegeimmediately,studymylessonscarefully,and（

）.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.amaster’sdegreemustattainedB.mustattainmymaster'sdegreeC.attainmymaster’sdegreeD.mymaster’sdegreebeattained14.單選題Thelossofthe（

）ofhishearingdidn’tstophimfrombeingausefulmemberofthesociety.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.abilityB.capabilityC.powerD.faculty15.單選題Whenwereachedthestation,thetrainhadstillnotarrived;sowe（

）.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.neednottohurryB.needn'thavehurriedC.neednottohavehurriedD.didnotneedtohurry16.單選題Maggieranbacktothekitchen,eggs（

）carefullyinherhands.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.tobeheldB.wereheldC.heldD.holding17.單選題（

）asuddenburstofrain,thechildrencamehomewithwetclothes.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.ForB.DuetoC.OwningtoD.Thanksto18.單選題We’llbeverycarefulandkeepwhatyou’vetoldusstrictly（

）.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.rigorousB.privateC.confidentialD.mysterious19.單選題Iwouldpreferthatwe（

）itsomeotherway.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.doB.didC.willdoD.havedone20.單選題Thecommonexperienceofhavinganameorwordonthetipofthetongueseemsrelatedtospecificperceptualattributes.Inparticular,peoplewhoreportthetip-of-the-tonguefeelingtendtoidentifytheword'sfirstletterandnumberofsyllableswithanaccuracythatfarexceedsmereguessing.Thereisevidencethatthemindmayencodedataaboutwheninformationwaslearnedandabouthowoftenithasbeenexperienced.Somememoriesseemtoembracespatialinformation;e.g.,oneremembersaparticularnewsitemtobeonthelowerright-handsideofthefrontpageofanewspaper.Researchindicatesthattherateofforgettingvariesfordifferentattributes.Forexample,memoriesinwhichauditoryattributesseemdominanttendtobemorerapidlyforgottenthanthosewithminimalacousticcharacteristics.Ifadesignated(target)memoryconsistsofacollectionofattributes,itsrecallorretrievalshouldbeenhancedbyanycuethatindicatesoneoftheattributes.Forexample,onfailingtorecallthetermhorse(includedinalisttheyhavejustseen),peoplemaybeaskedifanassociatedterm(say,barnorzebra)helpsthemrecalltheword.Whilesomeadditionalrecallhasbeenobservedwiththiskindofhelp,failuresarecommonevenwithostensiblyrelevantcues.Thoughitispossiblethatthecuesfrequentlyareappropriate,nevertheless,ifwordswerenotlearned(encodedorstored)withaccompanyingattributes,cuingofanykindsshouldbeineffective.1.Withwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthorbemostlikelytoagree?2.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethatallencodedwordsare（

）.3.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?4.Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthormentionasacauseforforgetting?5.Whichisnotmentionedasatendencyamongpeoplewhoencountertip-of-the-tongueexperience?問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.WordsthatareonlyheardareeasilyforgottenB.ThebrainalwaysremembersthemomentwordsarefirstlearnedC.AuditorycuesaremorehelpfulthanspatialcuesD.Uncommonwordsarenormallyrememberedwithvisualcues問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.rememberedwithouthelpB.learnedwithoutcuesC.storedwithattributesD.forgottenifnotused問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.HowapersonrememberswordsB.Theoriginoftheexpression‘"tip-of-the-tongue”C.HowapersonusesnewwordsD.Howcuesareusedtopronouncewords問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.TheneedformoreprecisespatialinformationB.ThecreationofostensiblyrelevantcuesC.ThelearningofwordswithoutcorrespondingattributesD.Theuseofinappropriateauditorycues問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.KnowingthenumberofsyllablesinawordB.RememberingwherewordswereseenC.KnowingthefirstletterofthewordD.Recognizingthewordwhenheard第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】D【解析】句意:一些企業(yè)經(jīng)管人員對(duì)新的吸煙限制條件表示反對(duì)，另外一部分人表示需要更多的時(shí)間去權(quán)衡如今決定的影響?？疾閯?dòng)詞辨析。Attest證明,證實(shí);obtain獲得;affect影響,感染,感動(dòng);weigh權(quán)衡,考慮,稱重量。故D符合句意。2.【答案】B【解析】句意:這位演講者通過(guò)巧妙的語(yǔ)言如此成功地表達(dá)了她的潛在信息，以致她的演講得到學(xué)生們震耳欲聾的掌聲。語(yǔ)法題?？疾椴糠值寡b。在so...that…句型中,如果so+形容詞提前,句子需要部分倒裝,故選B。3.【答案】第1題:D第2題:C第3題:C第4題:B第5題:A【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A:他們對(duì)科學(xué)技術(shù)培訓(xùn)和研發(fā)有極強(qiáng)的需求,B:他們太窮，以至于沒(méi)有足夠的科學(xué)發(fā)展資金,C:他們有其他需要優(yōu)先考慮的事情，而不是花大量資金在科研上。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞the“underdeveloped”countries定位至第一段:Tragically,theeconomiesofthe"underdeveloped”countries,wheretheneedisoverwhelming,havenotsupported--norhavetheybeencapableofsupportinganysubstantialscientificandtechnicaltrainingorresearch(可悲的是，欠發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家有很強(qiáng)的科研需求，但其經(jīng)濟(jì)卻無(wú)法支持，或者沒(méi)有能力支持任何一項(xiàng)實(shí)質(zhì)的科學(xué)技術(shù)培訓(xùn)或研發(fā)),由此判斷此題選D“以上所有選項(xiàng)”。2.詞義題?！癲isparity”所在句為:ReadthespeechofP.M.S.Blackette,PresidentoftheRoyalSociety,inwhichtheexistinggreatdisparitybetweenthe"have"and"have-not"economiesisconsidered(閱讀皇家學(xué)會(huì)主席P.M.S.Blackette的演講，其中就考慮了“有”和“沒(méi)有”經(jīng)濟(jì)體之間存在的巨大…),由此推測(cè),“disparity”表示“不同”或者“差異”。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,C項(xiàng)inequality(不同)與之意思最為接近。3.語(yǔ)義題?！癆tbestthequestionisanopenone”表示“充其量是一個(gè)開放的問(wèn)題”,因此C項(xiàng)“對(duì)此問(wèn)題，不同的人有不同的觀點(diǎn)”比較符合這句話意思。4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第四段指出:Thecommitteeconcludedthatfundinghadbeendeclinedbyanaverageof20%andthatthesectionmostcloselyrelatedtobasicresearchhadfundscutinhalf(委員會(huì)得出的結(jié)論是，資金平均己經(jīng)削減了20%,與此最密切相關(guān)的基礎(chǔ)研究的基金減少一半)。故選B“基礎(chǔ)研究”。5.主旨大意題。本文主要講述了財(cái)政對(duì)科研的支持的不同報(bào)道和不同觀點(diǎn)。經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力強(qiáng)的國(guó)家能為科研提供更多支持，經(jīng)濟(jì)欠發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家更需要發(fā)展科研，但是卻沒(méi)有足夠的資金支持，因此人們對(duì)于財(cái)政支持科研發(fā)展有不同的觀點(diǎn)看法。因此A項(xiàng)“關(guān)于研究經(jīng)費(fèi)的討論”比較適合做文章標(biāo)題。4.【答案】B【解析】句意:這位新校長(zhǎng)希望對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)課程進(jìn)行一些改變?？疾閯?dòng)詞辨析。Affect影響,感染;effect使發(fā)生,實(shí)現(xiàn),引起;react起反應(yīng),(對(duì)…)作出反應(yīng),回應(yīng);influence影響,對(duì)…起作用,支配。故B符合句意。5.【答案】第1題:B第2題:A第3題:C第4題:D第5題:B【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由句子“Referralsaremadetoanearbyfacilityforx-rays(轉(zhuǎn)診病人被送到附近有相關(guān)設(shè)備的機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行X射線檢查)”可知B項(xiàng)“X射線（檢查）”不包括在大學(xué)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)內(nèi)容里。由句子“Laboratorytestssuchasurinalysisandmicroscopicexaminationsmaybedoneonpremisesatnocharge(如尿分析和顯微鏡檢查等實(shí)驗(yàn)室測(cè)試可以在經(jīng)營(yíng)場(chǎng)所（即大學(xué)公共醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)處）免費(fèi)進(jìn)行)”可知D項(xiàng)“尿分析”包括在內(nèi)。由句子“Servicesincludechronic,acute,androutinemedicalcare,laboratorytests,allergyinjections,physicalexaminations,andcounselingandhealtheducation(大學(xué)醫(yī)療保健提供的服務(wù)包括慢性、急性和日常的醫(yī)療服務(wù)、實(shí)驗(yàn)室測(cè)試、過(guò)敏免疫注射、體格檢查、咨詢服務(wù)和健康教育)”可知A項(xiàng)“咨詢服務(wù)”和C項(xiàng)“過(guò)敏疫苗注射”包括在內(nèi)。因此本題選B。2.主旨大意題。文章通篇主要是對(duì)大學(xué)公共醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)的介紹。故選A項(xiàng)“描述了校園醫(yī)療服務(wù)”。3.判斷推理題。文章主要是對(duì)大學(xué)公共醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)進(jìn)行介紹，其中包括工作人員和提供的服務(wù)兩個(gè)方面，因此可以推知文章接下來(lái)可能會(huì)對(duì)大學(xué)公共醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)第三個(gè)方面的介紹。故選C項(xiàng)“醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)的工作時(shí)間”。4.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。通篇作者客觀陳述或介紹了大學(xué)公共醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)。故選D“客觀的”。5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由句子“Thenursepractitionershaveresponsibilitytoprovidethehealthcaretothestudents…(執(zhí)業(yè)護(hù)士有義務(wù)為學(xué)生提供醫(yī)療保健…)”可知B項(xiàng)“護(hù)士”正確。6.【答案】A【解析】句意:由于開關(guān)有問(wèn)題，所以臺(tái)燈不亮?？疾槊~辨析。Defect缺陷,不足;blot污點(diǎn);foul犯規(guī);shortcoming缺點(diǎn),短處,多形容人。故A符合句意。7.【答案】B【解析】句意:如果沒(méi)有由于摩擦而使能量喪失，運(yùn)動(dòng)將無(wú)限期地繼續(xù)下去。語(yǔ)法題?？疾樘摂M語(yǔ)氣。根據(jù)句意推測(cè)此處屬于與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的條件句,故用虛擬語(yǔ)氣:條件從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為were或動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式，主句部分為would/should/might/could+動(dòng)詞原形，故B正確。8.【答案】C【解析】句意:這些滑雪者寧可坐火車穿越群山而不愿意坐公交。考查固定搭配。wouldratherdosth.寧愿、寧可、最好…。9.【答案】C【解析】句意:盡管我欽佩他是一名作家，但是我卻不喜歡他這個(gè)人。語(yǔ)法題?？疾閍s引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。As引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句表示“盡管,即使”時(shí)要使用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu):副詞+as+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ),故選C。10.【答案】B【解析】句意:盡管在公共場(chǎng)合非常高興，但是在私底下Morgan先生可能非常傷心?？疾槎陶Z(yǔ)辨析。inperson親自,本人;inprivate私底下;byhimself靠他自己;asindividual作為個(gè)人。因此B符合句意。11.【答案】C【解析】句意:我可以八點(diǎn)鐘跟你見面，或者你也可以來(lái)接我?？疾楦痹~辨析。Incidentally順便,偶然地;actually實(shí)際上;alternatively二者擇一地,或者;accordingly因此。故C符合句意。12.【答案】D【解析】句意:在看似漫長(zhǎng)的等待之后，輪到他給觀眾做演講了。語(yǔ)法題?？疾橘e語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)句意可知此處after作介詞，after后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，故使用連接詞what引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。13.【答案】C【解析】句意:父親決定讓我立刻回到學(xué)校，認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)課程，并獲得碩士學(xué)位。語(yǔ)法題?？疾椴⒘械膭?dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。由表示并列的and可知所填成分應(yīng)與“studymylessonscarefully”結(jié)構(gòu)一致,故選C。14.【答案】A【解析】句意:聽覺(jué)能力的喪失阻礙不了他成為一名對(duì)社會(huì)有用的人?？疾槊~辨析。Ability能力,才能（指人先天的或?qū)W來(lái)的各種能力）;capability才能，能力，，容量（指勝任某項(xiàng)具體工作的能力，也指本身具有、尚未發(fā)揮的潛能）;power功率，力量，能力，政權(quán)，勢(shì)力（泛指一切力量或能力等）;faculty科，系，能力，全體教員（指特殊的才能或智力）。由關(guān)鍵詞hearing(聽力)可知這里指先天能力,故選A。15.【答案】B【解析】句意:我們到達(dá)火車站時(shí)，火車還沒(méi)到，所以我們本不必那么匆忙的。語(yǔ)法題?？疾樘摂M語(yǔ)氣。根據(jù)句意可知空格處為與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣,。needn’thavedone表示“本來(lái)不需要做某事卻做了（對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬）”，故選B。16.【答案】C【解析】句意:馬吉跑回廚房，雞蛋小心地握在手中。語(yǔ)法題?？疾楠?dú)立主格。分析題干可知,句子前半句已完整,所以句子結(jié)構(gòu)為主句加分句,或者主句加獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。空格處不可能為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。排除B。分句主語(yǔ)eggs“雞蛋”應(yīng)該是被放在手上。A選項(xiàng)tobeheld表示的是一種目的，或者是將來(lái)要發(fā)生的事情，不符題意。C選項(xiàng)邏輯主語(yǔ)與動(dòng)詞hold之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，符合題意。17.【答案】C【解析】句意:由于突降陣雨，孩子們回家后衣服都淋濕了。考查近義詞辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都有“因?yàn)椤钡囊馑?。For表示“因?yàn)椤?連接原因時(shí),一般不放在句首,故A排除。Dueto作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),一般不與所接的原因隔開;Owingto一般直接接原因部分,可在句首或者句末;Thanksto表示原因時(shí)一般出于感謝。故答案選項(xiàng)為C。18.【答案】C【解析】句意:我們會(huì)非常謹(jǐn)慎，并會(huì)嚴(yán)格保密你告訴我們的話?？疾樾稳菰~辨析。Rigorous嚴(yán)格的,嚴(yán)厲的;private私人的,個(gè)人的;confidential機(jī)密的,保密的,秘密的;mysterious神秘的,奇怪的,不易解釋的。分析題干可知此處表示“應(yīng)該保密”,故選C。19.【答案】B【解析】句意:我寧愿我們用其它方式。語(yǔ)法題?？疾樘摂M語(yǔ)氣。Wouldprefer+that從句時(shí),從句應(yīng)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞do用一般過(guò)去式did。20.【答案】第1題:B第2題:C第3題:A第4題:C第5題:D【解析】1.判斷推理題。A:聽到的言語(yǔ)信息很容易被忘記,第一段指出:Forexample,memoriesinwhichauditoryattributesseemdominanttendtobemorerapidlyforgottenthanthosewithminimalacousticcharacteristics(相比聽覺(jué)屬性占最少優(yōu)勢(shì)的那些記憶，聽覺(jué)屬性占優(yōu)勢(shì)的記憶傾向于更快速地被忘記),故A項(xiàng)與原文不符。B:人的大腦一直記憶單詞被首先知曉的瞬間,第一段指出:Thereisevidencethatthemindmayencodedataaboutwheninformationwaslearnedandabouthowoftenithasbeenexperienced(有證據(jù)表明人的大腦可能編碼有關(guān)信息何時(shí)被知曉和多久一次被經(jīng)歷的數(shù)據(jù)),故B正確。C:聽覺(jué)線索比空間線索更有幫助,D:不常見的單詞一般通過(guò)視覺(jué)線索被記憶,文章并未提及。2.判斷推理題。第一段指出:Thecommonexperienceofhavinganameorwordonthetipofthetongueseemsrelatedtospecificperceptualattributes(差點(diǎn)想起一個(gè)名字或言詞的常見經(jīng)歷似乎和特定的感知屬性相關(guān)),Researchindicatesthattherateofforgettingvariesfordifferentattributes(研究表明，遺忘的頻率根據(jù)屬性的不同而變化),由此可知C項(xiàng)“被帶著屬性地儲(chǔ)存”正確。3.主旨大意題。文章主要討論了“人怎樣記憶言詞”。4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出:ifwordswerenotlearned（encodedorstored）withaccompanyingattributes,cuingofanykindsshouldbeineffective(如果言詞沒(méi)有在帶著伴隨的屬性情況下被知曉（被編碼或儲(chǔ)存），那么任何種類的線索提示應(yīng)該是無(wú)效的),由此可知C“沒(méi)有對(duì)應(yīng)屬性的學(xué)習(xí)言詞”正確。5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A:知曉言詞的音節(jié)數(shù),C:知曉言詞的第一個(gè)字母,第一段指出:Inparticular,peoplewhoreportthetip-of-the-tonguefeelingtendtoidentifytheword'sfirstletterandnumberofsyllableswithanaccuracythatfarexceedsmereguessing(特別地,說(shuō)自己有差點(diǎn)想起感覺(jué)的人傾向于以遠(yuǎn)超單純猜測(cè)的準(zhǔn)確性去辨認(rèn)出言詞的第一個(gè)字母和其音節(jié)數(shù)),因此A,B在文中被提及。B:記憶言詞在哪里被看見,第一段指出:Somememoriesseemtoembracespatialinformation;e.g.,oneremembersaparticularnewsitemtobeonthelowerright-handsideofthefrontpageofanewspaper(—些記憶貌似包含空間信息，如一個(gè)人記得一個(gè)特定的新聞內(nèi)容位于報(bào)紙頭版右手邊較低位置),由此可知B項(xiàng)被提及。故選D“識(shí)別聽見的言詞”。第2卷一.綜合題(共20題)1.單選題LivinginsuchahighplaceasTibethasitsproblems,（

）obtainingoxygenisnottheleast.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.ofwhichB.forwhatC.asD.whose2.單選題Aresomepeoplebornclever,andothersbornstupid?Orisintelligencedevelopedbyourenvironmentandourexperience?Strangelyenough,theanswertothesequestionsisyes.Tosomeextentourintelligenceisgiventousatbirth,andnoamountofeducationcanmakeageniusoutofachildbornwithlowintelligence.Ontheotherhand,achildwholivesinaboringenvironmentwilldevelophisintelligencelessthanonewholivesinrichandvariedsurroundings.Thusthelimitsofperson'sintelligencearefixedatbirth,whetherornothereachesthoselimitswilldependonhisenvironment.Thisview,nowheldbymostexperts,canbesupportedinanumberofways.Itiseasytoshowthatintelligenceistosomeextentsomethingwearebornwith.Thecloserthebloodrelationshipbetweentwopeople,theclosertheyarelikelytobeinintelligence.Thusifwetaketwounrelatedpeopleatrandomfrompopulation,itislikelythattheirdegreeofintelligencewillbecompletelydifferent.If,ontheotherhand,wetaketwoidenticaltwins,theywillverylikelybeasintelligentaseachother.Relationslikebrothersandsisters,parentsandchildren,usuallyhavesimilarintelligence,andthisclearlysuggeststhatintelligencedependsonbirth.Imaginenowthatwetaketwoidenticaltwinsandputthemindifferentenvironments.Wemightsendone,forexample,toauniversityandtheothertoafactorywheretheworkisboring.Weshouldsoonfinddifferenceinintelligencedeveloping,andthisindicatesthatenvironmentaswellasbirthplaysapart.Thisconclusionisalsosuggestedbythefactthatpeoplewholiveinclosecontactwitheachother,butwhoarenotrelatedatallarelikelytohavesimilardegreeofintelligence.1.Thewriterisinfavoroftheviewthataman'sintelligenceisgiventohim（

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）.

5.Thebesttitleofthispassagecouldbe（

）.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.atbirthB.througheducationC.bothatbirthandthrougheducationD.neitheratbirthnorthrougheducation問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.becomeageniusB.stillbecomeageniusifheisgivenspecialeducationC.reachhisintellectuallimitsinrichsurroundingsD.notbecomeintelligentinhislife問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.pickanytwopeopleB.takeouttwodifferentpeopleC.choosetwopeoplewhoarerelativesD.choosetwopeoplewithdifferentintelligence問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.theimportanceoftheirintelligenceB.theroleofenvironmentonintelligenceC.theimportanceoftheirpositionsD.thepartthatbirthplays問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.surroundingsB.intelligenceC.thedependenceonenvironmentD.theeffectofeducation3.單選題（

）withtheheightoftheskyscraper,thismountaindoesn’tseemhighatall.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.WhencomparedB.WhilecomparingC.CompareD.Comparing4.單選題Heseemedtoooldforher,（

）likeafather（

）ahusband.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.more...thanB.notso...asC.most...thanD.rather...than5.單選題Agoodeducationisan（

）youcanfallbackonfortherestofyourlife.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.assetB.ethicC.inventoryD.obligation6.單選題Notaskissodifficult（

）.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.thatwecanaccomplishitB.astobeunabletoaccomplishitC.butwecanaccomplishitD.butwecannotaccomplishit7.單選題Fiveminutesearlier,（

）wecouldhavecaughtthelasttrain.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.orB.butC.andD.so8.單選題Lifeisinterestingtopeoplewho（

）themselvestonewideas.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.presentB.exhibitC.exposeD.explain9.單選題Iwasworriedthatmyworkwasn’tgoodenough,buttheteacher（

）methattheworkwouldbesatisfactory.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.assuredB.ensuredC.reassuredD.confirmed10.單選題TheCanterburyTales（

）writtenbyChaucer.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.hasbeenB.wereC.wasD.hadbeen11.單選題AspecialmemorialservicewillbeheldintheCathedraltothe（

）500thanniversaryofitsconstruction.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.noteB.illustrateC.markD.remember12.單選題（

）.acarknockedherdown.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.WalkinghomeB.WhilewalkinghomeC.AsshewaswalkinghomeD.Havingwalkedhome13.單選題Ifyou（

）throughabookormagazine,youlookthroughitinacasualway.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.brewB.broodC.bruiseD.browse14.單選題I（

）thepackagesupbeforetakingthemtothepostoffice.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.bumpedB.bundledC.bulkedD.bunched15.單選題Thestudentsweresupposedto（

）theirassignmentbynow.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.finishB.havefinishedC.finishingD.havingfinished16.單選題Thepatientisrecoveringsoon.Hisdiseaseis（

）treatmentwithdrugs.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.responsivetoB.responsibleforC.subjecttoD.exposedto17.單選題Themotionofoceanwater（

）atdifferentdepthsbelowthesurface.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.variesB.modifiedC.altersD.differs18.單選題NowapaperinSciencearguesthatorganicchemicalsintherockcomemostlyfrom（

）onearthratherthanbacteriaonMars.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.contaminationB.constitutionC.condemnationD.configuration19.單選題Heisabitofanexpert（

）computers,whichhasbecomesomethinghewouldboasttohisfriends.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.spoutoffB.feelrightaboutC.getawaywithD.whenitcomesto20.單選題Atsometimeinyourlife,youmayhaveastrongdesiretodosomethingstrangeorterrible.However,chancesarethatyoudon'tactonyourimpulse,butletitpassinstead.Youknowthattocommittheactioniswronginsomewayandthatotherpeoplewillnotacceptyourbehavior.Perhapsthemostinterestingthingaboutthephenomenonoftaboobehaviorishowitcanchangeovertheyearswithinthesamesociety,howcertainbehaviorandattitudeonceconsideredtaboocanbecomeperfectlyacceptableandnaturalatanotherpointintime.Topicssuchasdeath,forexample,wereonceconsideredsoupsettingandunpleasantthatitwasatabootoeventalkaboutthem.NowwiththepublicationofimportantbookssuchasOnDeathandDyingandLearningtoSayGoodbye,peoplehavebecomemoreawareoftheimportanceofexpressingfeelingsaboutdeathand,asaresult,aremorewillingtotalkaboutthistaboosubject.OneofthenewesttaboosinAmericansocietyisthetopicoffat.Unlikemanyothertaboos,fatisatopicthatAmericanstalkaboutconstantly.It'snottaboototalkaboutfat;it'stabootobefat.The"in"lookisthin,notfat.Intheworkworld,mostcompaniespreferyouthful-looking,trimexecutivestoselltheirimagesaswellastheirproductstothepublic.Thethinlookisassociatedwithyouth,vigor,andsuccess.Thefatperson,ontheotherhand,isthoughtofaslazyandlackinginenergy,self-discipline,andself-respectInanimage-conscioussocietyliketheU.S.,thinis"in",fatis"out".It'snotsurprising,then,thatmillionsofAmericanshavebeenobsessedwithstayingslimand"inshape".Thepursuitofayouthfulphysicalappearanceisnot,however,thesolereasonforAmericans'fascinationwithdietandexercise.Recentresearchhasshownthecriticalimportanceofdietandexerciseforpersonalhealth.Asinmosttechnologicallydevelopednations,thelifestyleofNorthAmericanshaschangeddramaticallyduringthecourseofthelastcentury.Modernmachinesdoallthephysicallaborthatpeoplewereonceforcedtodobyhand.Carsandbusestransportusquicklyfrompointtopoint.Asaresultofinactivityanddisuse,people’sboodlescaneasilybecomeweakandvulnerabletodisease.Inanefforttoavoidsuchafate,millionsofAmericansarespendingmoreoftheirtimeexercising.1.Fromthepassagewecaninfertaboois（

）.2.Basedontheideasinthepassagewecanconclude"beingfat"inAmericansociety

（

）.

3.Thetopicoffatismanyothertaboosubjects

（

）.

4.Whatdoes"thinis'in',andfatis'out"mean?5.Apartfromthisnewunderstandingofthecorrelationbetweenhealthandexercise:themainreasonthepassagegivesforwhysomanyAmericansareexercisingregularlyis（

）.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.astrongdesiretodosomethingstrangeorterribleB.acrimecommittedonimpulseC.behaviorconsideredunacceptableinsociety’seyesD.anunfavorableimpressionleftonotherpeople問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.willalwaysremainatabooB.isnotconsideredasataboobymostpeopleC.haslongbeenatabooD.maynolongerbeataboosomeday問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.thesameasB.differentfromC.morepopularthanD.lessoftentalkedabout問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.Thinis"inside",andfatis"outside".B.Thinis"diligent",andfatis"lazy".C.Thinis"youthful",andfatis"spiritless".D.Thinis"fashionable",andfatis"unfashionable".問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.theirchangedlifestyleB.theireagernesstostaythinandyouthfulC.theirappreciationoftheimportanceofexerciseD.theencouragementtheyhavereceivedfromtheircompanies第2卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】A【解析】句意:生活在如西藏這樣高海拔的地方有其問(wèn)題，其中不僅僅只是氧氣獲得的問(wèn)題。語(yǔ)法題?？疾榉窍拗菩远ㄕZ(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知后半句為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞為problems(問(wèn)題),所以用of+which表示“屬于”。2.【答案】第1題:C第2題:C第3題:A第4題:B第5題:B【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段指出:Tosomeextentourintelligenceisgiventousatbirth…(在一定程度上，我們的智力水平是先天決定的…),Ontheotherhand,achildwholivesinaboringenvironmentwilldevelophisintelligencelessthanonewholivesinrichandvariedsurroundings(另一方面，一個(gè)生活在單調(diào)乏味環(huán)境中的孩子比一個(gè)生活在豐富多彩的環(huán)境中的孩子有更少的智力發(fā)展),由此可知C項(xiàng)“先天條件和后天教育共同決定了一個(gè)人的智力水平”符合作者觀點(diǎn)。2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A:成為天才,B:如果接受特殊教育，還是能夠成為天才的,由第一段中的“Tosomeextentourintelligenceisgiventousatbirth,andnoamountofeducationcanmakeageniusoutofachildbornwithlowintelligence(在一定程度上,我們的智力水平是先天決定的。沒(méi)有什么樣的教育能夠讓一個(gè)天生智力水平低下的孩子變成一個(gè)天才)”可知A和B錯(cuò)誤。C:可以在豐富多彩的環(huán)境中達(dá)到其智力的上限,D:在他的一生中都不能變聰明,由第一段中的“Thusthelimitsofperson'sintelligencearefixedatbirth,whetherornothereachesthoselimitswilldependonhisenvironment(因此，每個(gè)人的智力的上限是先天決定的，而后天的環(huán)境決定了一個(gè)人能否讓自己的智力達(dá)到上限)”可知C項(xiàng)正確,D錯(cuò)誤。3.語(yǔ)義題。第二段中心句為:Itiseasytoshowthatintelligenceistosomeextentsomethingwearebornwith(很容易證明人的智力水平是天生的),隨后便通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)證明這一中心句?！癷fwetaketwounrelatedpeopleatrandomfrompopulation”所在句為:Thusifwetaketwounrelatedpeopleatrandomfrompopulation,itislikelythattheirdegreeofintelligencewillbecompletelydifferent(如果…，那么很有可能這兩個(gè)人的智力水平完全不同),由此可知A“任意挑選兩個(gè)人”與題干句語(yǔ)義最接近。4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干"thetwinsgoingtoauniversityandtoafactoryseparately”定位至第三段。第三段主題句為:Thisconclusionisalsosuggestedbythefactthatpeoplewholiveinclosecontactwitheachother,butwhoarenotrelatedatallarelikelytohavesimilardegreeofintelligence(兩個(gè)沒(méi)有親屬關(guān)系但親密接觸的人很有可能擁有相同的智力水平，這一事實(shí)也暗示了前面的結(jié)論)。因此可知第三段是為了論證后天環(huán)境對(duì)個(gè)人智力發(fā)展的重要作用,故選B“環(huán)境在智力發(fā)展中所扮演的角色”。5.主旨大意題。文章論證的是先天因素和后天環(huán)境在個(gè)人智力發(fā)展中所扮演的角色。故選B“智力”。3.【答案】A【解析】句意:當(dāng)與摩天大樓的高度相比吋，這座山看起來(lái)根本不高。語(yǔ)法題?？疾檫^(guò)去分詞做狀語(yǔ)。此句主語(yǔ)為thismountain,前半句為動(dòng)詞compare的過(guò)去分詞做比較狀語(yǔ)。分句中動(dòng)詞compare與邏輯主語(yǔ)thismountain之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故選A。4.【答案】A【解析】句意:對(duì)她來(lái)說(shuō)，他似乎有點(diǎn)太老了，相比丈夫，他更像她的父親。考