2023年考研考博-考博英語-廣西大學(xué)歷年高頻考題黑鉆摘選版附帶答案

2023年考研考博-考博英語-廣西大學(xué)歷年高頻考題黑鉆摘選版附帶答案（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）答案解析附后第1卷一.綜合題(共20題)1.單選題Acontroversyeruptedinthescientificcommunityinearly1998overtheuseofDNA(deoxyribonucleicacid)fingerprintinginCriminalinvestigations.DNAfingerprintingwasintroducedin1987asamethodtoidentifyindividualsbasedonapatternseenintheirDNA,themoleculeofwhichgenesaremade.DNAispresentineverycellofthebodyexceptredbloodcells.DNAfingerprintinghasbeenusedsuccessfullyinvariousways,suchastodeterminepaternity（父親的身份）whereitisnotclearwhothefatherofaparticularchildis.However,itisintheareaofcriminalinvestigationsthatDNAfingerprintinghaspotentiallypowerfulandcontroversialuses.DNAfingerprintingandotherDNAanalysistechniqueshaverevolutionizedcriminalinvestigationsbygivinginvestigatorspowerfulnewtoolsintheattempttoproveguilt,notjustestablishinnocence.Whenusedincriminalinvestigations,aDNAfingerprintpatternfromasuspectiscomparedwithaDNAfingerprintpatternobtainedfromsuchmaterialashairsorbloodfoundatthesceneofacrime.AmatchbetweenthetwoDNAsamplescanbeusedasevidencetoconvictasuspect.Thecontroversyin1998stemmedfromareportpublishedinDecember1991bypopulationgeneticistsRichardC.LewontinofHarvardUniversityinCambridge,Mass,andDanielL.HartlofWashingtonUniversitySchoolofMedicineinSt.Louis,Mo.LewontinandHartlcalledintoquestionthemethodstocalculatehowlikelyitisthatamatchbetweentwoDNAfingerprintsmightoccurbychancealone.Inparticular,theyarguedthatthecurrentmethodcannotproperlydeterminethelikelihoodthattwoDNAsampleswillmatchbecausetheycamefromthesameindividualratherthansimplyfromtwodifferentindividualswhoaremembersofthesameethnicgroup.LewontinandHartlcalledforbettersurveysofDNApatterns.Inresponsetotheircriticisms,populationgeneticistsRanajitChakrabortyoftheUniversityofTexasinDallasandKennethK.KiddofYaleUniversityinNewHaven,Conn.,arguedthatenoughdataarealreadyavailabletoshowthatthemethodscurrentlybeingusedareadequate.InJanuary1998,however,theFederalBureauofinvestigationandlaboratoriesthatconductDNAtestsannouncedthattheywouldcollectadditionalDNAsamplesfromvariousethnicgroupsinanattempttoresolvesomeofthesequestions.And,inApril,theNationalAcademyofSciencescalledforstrictstandardsandsystemofaccreditation（鑒定合格）forDNAtestinglaboratories.1.BeforeDNAfingerprintingisused,suspects（）.2.DNAfingerprintingcanbeunreliablewhen（）.3.TogeneticistslikeLewontinandHartl,thecurrentmethod（）.4.TheattitudeoftheFederalBureauofInvestigationshowsthat（）.5.NationalAcademyofSciencesholdsthestandthat（）.問題1選項A.wouldhavetoleavetheirfingerprintsforfurtherinvestigationsB.wouldhavetosubmitevidencefortheirinnocenceC.couldeasilyescapeconvictionofguiltD.couldbeconvictedofguiltaswell問題2選項A.themethodsusedforblood-cellcalculationarenotaccurateB.twodifferentindividualsofthesameethnicgroupmayhavethesameDNAfingerprintingpatternC.amatchisbychanceleftwithfingerprintsthathappentobelongtotwodifferentindividualsD.twodifferentindividualsleavetwoDNAsamples.問題3選項A.isnotsoconvincingastoexcludethelikelihoodthattwoDNAsamplescannevercomefromtwoindividualsB.isarguablebecausetwoindividualsofthesameethnicgrouparelikelytohavethesameDNApatternC.isnotbasedonadequatescientifictheoryofgeneticsD.istheoreticallycontradictorytowhattheyhavebeenstudying問題4選項A.enoughdataareyettobecollectedfromvariousethnicgroupstoconfirmtheunlikelihoodoftwoDNAsamplescomingfromtwoindividualmembersB.enoughdataofDNAsamplesshouldhecollectedtoconfirmthatonlyDNAsamplesfromthesamepersoncanmatchC.enoughdataareyettobecollectedfromvariousethnicgroupstodeterminethelikelihoodoftwodifferentDNAsamplescomingfromthesamepersonD.additionalsamplesfromvariousethnicgroupsshouldbecollectedIodeterminethattwoDNAsampleareunlikelytocomefromthesameperson問題5選項A.DNAtestingshouldbesystematizedB.OnlyauthorizedlaboratoriescanconductDNAtestingC.TheacademyonlyisauthorizedtoworkourstandardsfortestingD.TheacademyhastherighttoaccreditlaboratoriesforDNAtesting2.單選題（）widespreadbeliefcockroacheswouldnottakeovertheworldiftherewerenoaroundtosteponthem.問題1選項A.InviewofB.ThankstoC.IncaseofD.Contraryto3.單選題Successatlanguageis（）ofintelligence.問題1選項A.amorematterofapplicationthanB.amattermoreofapplicationthanC.amatterofapplicationmorethanD.moreamatterofapplicationthan4.單選題BarackObama'shealthreformsWHENBarackObamasignedasweepingsetofhealthreformsintolawonMarch23rd2010,heknewitwasahistoricmoment-andnotjustbecauseJoeBiden,thevice-president,whisperedintohisearthatitwasa"bigfuckingdeal".Hehadsuccessfullyriddenthewaveofpopularsupportthatbroughthimintoofficetodeliveruniversalhealthcoverage,afeatthateludedallhispredecessors.Buttherealityofpoliticshasobstructedthatgranddream.RepublicanleadersinCongressaretryingtorepealthelawoutright.Severalfederaljudgeshaveruledthatoneofthecentralprovisionsofthenewreforms,an"individualmandate"requiringeveryonetopurchasecoverage,isunconstitutional.AndarecentpollbytheKaiserFamilyFoundation(KFF),anon-partisanoutfit,revealedthathostilitytothelawsamongpoliticallyvitalindependentshasshotupsharply.Oneyearon,howfaresMr.Obama'sproudestachievement?Thechiefstrategyusedbytheadministrationtowinoverskepticsandtounderminelegalchallengesistopresentthenewlawsasanunstoppablejuggernaut.Forexample,whenKathleenSebelius,thesecretaryofhealthandhumanservices,spokeaboutthereformtotheSenateFinanceCommitteeonMarch16th,shepointedtoevidenceofan"enormousdifferenceithasmadeinthelivesofAmericans".True,theadministrationhasrushedintoforceprovisionsaffectingconsumersdirectly,inaneffortwinpopularsupport.Forexample,someforbidinsurersfromdenyingcoveragetochildrenwithpre-existingconditions,orimposinglifetimepayoutcapsonanyone.Thenewlawsalsoalreadyrequireinsurerstocoverchildrenupto26ontheirparents'policies,whichwillbenefitsome1.2myoungpeople.Nearly48mpeopleonMedicare,thegovernmenthealthschemefortheelderly,aretogetfreepreventiveservicessuchascolonoscopiesandmammograms.In2010nearly4mofthemgot$250tax-freerebatestohelppayfordrugs.Allthatseemsimpressive,buthere’stherub:manyAmericansdonotbelieveMrs.Sebelius.RoughlyhalfofthosepolledbyKF'FthoughtObamacarehadalreadybeenrepealedorwereunsureoffooting.Itremainsthelawoftheland.Theadministrationisalsoforgingaheadwithlessvisibleaspectsofthenewlaws.By2014,whenthebulkofthereform’sprovisionskickin,statesarerequiredtohaveputregulatedinsuranceexchangesinplacesothatconsumerscanbuyplansthatmeetminimumstandardsforcoverage.Allwouldberequiredtobuyinsurance,butthelesswell-offwillgetsubsidies.Thefederalgovernmentisofferingtechnicalassistanceaswellasmoneytostatestonudgethemtowardsestablishingsuchmarket-places.Alas,inthistooMr.Obamahashitsnags.SomeRepublican-ledstates,firstamongthemAiaskaandFlorida,arerefusingtotakethemoney,whilemanyothersaredemandingtherules.Tothesurpriseofsome,Mr.ObamaannouncedatarecentmeetingofgovernorsattheWhiteHousethathesupportsaplan-firstproposedbyRonWyden,asparkyDemocraticsenator-togrant"innovationwaivers"startingin2014.Aslongasstatesmeetgeneralgoalsoncoveringmorepeopleandcurbingcosts,theywillbegivenflexibilityinhowtheysetuptheirlocalinsurancemarkets.1.BarackObamaknewhissetofhealthreformswasatahistoricmomentbecauseof（）.2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsareNotTrue?3.KathleenSenelius,thesecretaryofhealthandhumanservices,has（）.4.AccordingtothepollbyKFF,Obamacare（）.5.AccordingtoObamacare,statescanbefreeinwaysofbuildinglocalinsurancemarketsifthey（）.問題1選項A.JoeBiden,thevice-president,thoughtthatitwasa"bigfuckingdeal".B.hehimselfwaspopularlysupported.C.itwasafeatthatsurpassedalltheotherpresidents.D.itwasauniversallycoveredhealthreform問題2選項A.ThatgranddreamofObama'shealthreformhasbeenpoliticallyconstructedB.RepublicanleadersinCongressdisagreedwithObama'shealthreform.C.IndependentstookahostileattitudetowardsObama'shealthreform.D.SeveralfederaljudgeshaveregardedObama’shealthreformunlawful.問題3選項A.beenstronglysupportedbytheinsurers.B.greatlyimpressedbythehealthreformC.deniedanenormousdifferencethehealthreformmadeinthelivesofAmericansD.comeacrossarubinpromotingthehealthreform問題4選項A.lackedlegalrootingandhasbeenrepealed.B.wongreatsupportfromthosepulled.C.seemsimpressiveandsuccessfulD.wasbelievedbynobody.問題5選項A.takethemoneyB.cancovermorepeopleandcontrolthecostsofinsurance.C.regulatetheirinsurancemarketsD.innovatethelaw.5.問答題Directions:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Youmayhavetochangeaword,addaword,ordeleteaword.MarkoutthemistakesandputthecorrectionsintheblanksprovidedontheAnswerSheet.Ifyouchangeawordunderlineitand-writethecorrectwordinthecorrespondingBlank.Ifyouoddaword,putaninsertionmark,(/)intherightplaceantiwritethemissingwordinblank.Ifyouaddaword,underlineitandputaslash(/)intheblank.6.單選題Afterafewroundsoftalks,bothsidesregardedtheterritorydispute（）.問題1選項A.beingsettledB.tobesettledC.hadsettledD.assettled7.單選題WhyhavebegantoreadIrishbookswitha（）andpassionateinterest.問題1選項A.inquisitiveB.curiousC.pryingD.inquiring8.單選題Chinahashundredsofislands.（）isTaiwanIsland.問題1選項A.amongthemthelargestB.andthelargestofwhichC.andthelargestofthemD.butinwhichthelargest9.單選題Itwasnotuntilonehundredthousandyearsafterthebigbangthatphotonswere（）frommatter.問題1選項A.setapartB.setoffC.setoutD.setfree10.單選題Once（）,thispowerstationwillsupplyalltheneighboringtownsandvillageswithelectricity.問題1選項A.itbeingcompletedB.completedC.completedD.itcompletes11.單選題Whydocsavegetarianrestaurantmakeitsdishesresemblemeatineverywayexcept（）?問題1選項A.ingredientsB.elementsC.componentsD.compounds12.單選題

Hewill（）resigninviewofthecompletefailureoftheresearchproject.問題1選項A.doubtfullyB.adequatelyC.presumablyD.reasonably13.單選題TheelderlyRussiansfindithardtoliveontheirstate（）.問題1選項A.pensionsB.earningsC.salariesD.donations14.單選題Doyouconsideritanygood（）thetruckagain問題1選項A.torepairB.repairingC.repairedD.beingrepairing15.單選題（）tosomebody,aBritishpersonoftenshakeshandswiththestranger.問題1選項A.IntroducingB.TointroduceC.TobeintroducedD.Onbeingintroduced16.單選題Ourmadattemptstoavoidboredomupholdaprofitablecorneroftheentertainmentindustry,whilethevarietyofbooks,websites,TVprogramsandvideosaimedatchildrenandcalled"BoredomKillers"suggeststhatennui，hasnoagerestriction.Thisisnonewdevelopment-obsessivetextingishardlyonalevelwithwatchinglionsripgladiatorstoshredsforentertainment,and,astheBritishpublicseemtobemovingontoastagewherefox-huntingisnolongerseenasajustifiable,fundiversion,wemustbedoingsomethingright.However,someexpertshaverecentlypointedoutthatobsessiveavoidanceofboredom(apartfrombeingquitedullinitself-haveyouevertriedtohaveadecentconversationwithanextremesportsenthusiast?)deniesaccesstothecertainkindofmentalspacewhichboredombringsandindoingsoleavesuscreativelyandspirituallymalnourished.Inotherwords,boredomisbecoming"alostartform".StevenWinnoftheSanFranciscoChronicleputsitinarecentarticle:“Asmoreandmorepeopleseemtorecognize,theuniversalexperienceofbeingbored-unengaged,detached,afloatinsomeprivatementalinactivity-maybefarmoreprecious,fruitfulandevenprofoundthanasurfaceunderstandingmightsuggest.Asordinaryasgreyskiesandequallypervasive,boredomdeservesitsownsun-splashedattentionandcelebration.Thisisaveryparticularunderstandingofwhatboredomis,andperhapsthisveryproblemofdefinitioniswhatliesattherootofthesupposeddebate.Ontheonehand,boredomcanbedefinedasastateoflistlessness,alackofinterestinthatwhichsurroundsusandageneralsenseofennui.Ofthisparticulardefinition,SaulSteinbergwrote,“Thelifeofthecreativemanisled,directedandcontrolledbyboredom.Avoidingboredomisoneofourmostimportantpurposes."Sointhiscase,boredomissomethingwefleefrominhorror.Anotherconceptionofboredomisofablank,privatementalspace,invaluableforrelaxingandforthefermentationofcreativejuices.Itisthistypeofboredomwhichisconsideredbysometobealostartform.Informationaloverloadfromallquartermeansthattherecanoftenbeverylittletimeforpersonalthought,reflection,orevenjust"zoningout".Withamobilethatisconstantlyswitchedonandasurplusofentertainmentsavailabletodistractthemarkedeye,itisunderstandablethatsomepeoplefinditdifficulttoactuallygetboredinthatparticularrestlessness,introspectivekindofway.1.Theword"ennui"(Line3,Para.1)mostprobablemeans（）.2.Boredomisbecoming"alostartform"becausepeople（）.3.AccordingtoStevenWinn,whichofthefollowingistrueaboutboredom?4.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthatboredom（）.5.Asuitabletitleforthepassagemightbe（）.問題1選項A.avoidingboredomB.lackofcreativityC.loveofentertainmentD.thefeelingofhavingnothingtodo問題2選項A.aredeprivedofdeepthoughtB.areabandoningold-fashionedamusementC.indulgeinentertainmentD.havenoprivatespace問題3選項A.Itisacommonproblemofhumanbeings.B.Itisalwaysfearedbycreativemen.C.Itisimportanttorecognizeitssignificance.D.Itismorevaluablethanentertainment.問題4選項A.hastwocontradictorydefinitionsB.hasbothstrongandweakpointsC.isasourceofartcreationD.isdyingintheinformationage問題5選項A.LifewithoutBoredomB.TheInfluenceofModernEntertainmentC.TwoTypesofBoredomD.TheSignificanceofBoredom17.單選題WilliamPenn,theFounderofPennsylvania,（）defendedtherightofeverycitizentofreedomofchoiceinreligion.問題1選項A.peculiarlyB.indifferentlyC.vigorouslyD.inevitably18.單選題Comewhat（）,we'renotgoingtomakeanyconcessiontohisunreasonabledemands.問題1選項A.mustB.shouldC.mayD.can19.單選題Whatweknowofprenataldevelopmentmakesallthisattemptmadebyamothertomoldthecharacterofherunbornchildbystudyingpoetry,art,ormathematicsduringpregnancyseemutterlyimpossible.Howcouldsuchextremelycomplexinfluencespassfromthemothertothechild?Thereisnoconnectionbetweentheirnervoussystems.Eventhebloodvesselsofmotherandchilddonotjoindirectly.Anemotionalshocktothemotherwillaffectherchild,becauseitchangestheactivityofherglandsandsothechemistryherblood.Anychemicalchangeinthemother’sbloodwillaffectthechildforbetterorworse.Butwecannotseehowalookingformathematicsorpoeticgeniuscanbedissolvedinbloodandproduceasimilarlikingorgeniusinthechild.Inourdiscussionofinstinctswesawthattherewasreasontobelievethatwhateverweinheritmustbeofsomeverysimplesortratherthananycomplicatedorverydefinitekindofbehavior.Itiscertainthatnooneinheritsknowledgeofmathematics.Itmaybe,however,thatchildreninheritmoreorlessofarathergeneralabilitythatwemaycallintelligence.Ifveryintelligentchildrenbecomedeeplyinterestedinmathematics,theywillprobablymakeasuccessofthatstudy.Asformusicalability,itmaybethatwhatisinheritedisanespeciallysensitiveear,apeculiarstructureofthehandsorthevocalorgansconnectionsbetweennervesandmusclesthatmakeitcomparativelyeasytolearnthemovementsamusicianmustexecute,andparticularlyvigorousemotions.Ifthesefactorsareallorganizedaroundmusic,thechildmaybecomeamusician.Thesamefactors,inothercircumstancemightbeorganizedaboutsomeothercenterofinterest.Therichemotionalequipmentmightfindexpressioninpoetry.Thecapablefingersmightdevelopskillinsurgery.Itisnottheknowledgeofmusicthatisinherited,thennoreventheloveofit,butacertainbodilystructurethatmakesitcomparativelyeasytoacquiremusicalknowledgeandskill.Whetherthatabilityshallbedirectedtowardmusicorsomeotherundertakingmaybedecidedentirelybyforcesintheenvironmentinwhichachildgrowsup.1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrue?2.Amotherwillaffectherunbornbabyontheconditionthat（）.3.Accordingtothepassage,achildmayinherit（）.4.Ifachildinheritssomethingfromhismother,suchasanespeciallysensitiveear,apeculiarstructureofthehandsorofthevocalorgans,hewill（）.5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?問題1選項A.Somemotherstrytoinfluencetheirunbornchildrenbystudyingartandothersubjectsduringtheirpregnancy.B.Itisutterlyimpossibleforustolearnanythingaboutprenataldevelopment.C.Thebloodvesselsofmotherandchilddonotjoindirectly.D.Therearenoconnectionbetweenmother'snervoussystemsandherunbornchild's.問題2選項A.sheisemotionallyshockedB.shehasagoodknowledgeofinheritanceC.shetakespartinallkindofactivitiesD.shestickstostudying問題3選項A.everythingfromhismotherB.aknowledgeofmathematicsC.arathergeneralabilitythatwecallintelligenceD.hermother'smusicalability問題4選項A.surelybecomemusicianB.mostlybecomeapoetC.possiblybecomeateacherD.becomeamusicianontheconditionthatallthesefactorsareorganizedaroundmusic問題5選項A.RoleofInheritance.B.AnUnbornChild.C.Functionofinstincts.D.InheritedTalents20.單選題Anewtechnique（），theyieldsasawholeincreasedby20percent.問題1選項A.workingoutB.hadbeenworkedoutC.havingbeenworkedoutD.havingworkedout第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】第1題:C第2題:C第3題:A第4題:B第5題:B【解析】1.判斷推理題。題干意為:在DNA指紋識別使用之前，嫌疑犯…。第二段指出:DNAfingerprintingandotherDNAanalysistechniqueshaverevolutionizedcriminalinvestigationsbygivinginvestigatorspowerfulnewtoolsintheattempttoproveguilt,notjustestablishinnocence(指紋和其他DNA分析技術(shù)已經(jīng)徹底改變了刑事調(diào)查，給調(diào)查人員提供了強大的新工具，以證明有罪，而不僅僅是確立無罪)。后面還指出:Whenusedincriminalinvestigations,aDNAfingerprintpatternfromasuspectiscomparedwithaDNAfingerprintpatternobtainedfromsuchmaterialashairsorbloodfoundatthesceneofacrime(在刑事調(diào)查時，嫌疑犯的DNA指紋圖案與從犯罪現(xiàn)場發(fā)現(xiàn)的毛發(fā)或血液等材料中獲得的DNA指紋圖案進行比較)。由此可以推測，如果沒有DNA指紋識別技術(shù),嫌疑犯不會那么容易定罪。因此選C項“可能輕易逃脫罪責(zé)”。2.細節(jié)事實題。題干意為:在什么時候，DNA指紋識別可能不可靠？第三段指出:Inparticular,theyarguedthatthecurrentmethodcannotproperlydeterminethelikelihoodthattwoDNAsampleswillmatchbecausetheycamefromthesameindividualratherthansimplyfromtwodifferentindividualswhoaremembersofthesameethnicgroup(他們特別指出，目前的方法尚不能完全確定，兩個可能吻合的DNA樣本是出自一個人，而不是出自同族成員中的兩個人)。因此可知,當“偶然匹配的蒽碰巧屬于兩個不同的人”的時候,DNA指紋可能不可靠。3.判斷推理題。題干意為:對于Levvontin和Hard這樣的遺傳學(xué)者而言，目前的方法如何？第三段指出:LevvontinandHartlcalledintoquestionthemethodstocalculatehowlikelyitisthatamatchbetweentwoDNAfingerprintsmightoccurbychancealone(Lewontin和Hartl對偶然發(fā)生的兩個DNA抬紋吻合的可能性的計算方法提出質(zhì)疑)。Inparticular,theyarguedthatthecurrentmethodcannotproperlydeterminethelikelihoodthattwoDNAsampleswillmatchbecausetheycamefromthesameindividualratherthansimplyfromtwodifferentindividualswhoaremembersofthesameethnicgroup(他們特別指出,目前的方法尚不能完全確定兩個可能吻合的DNA樣本是出自一個人，而不是出自同族成員中的兩個人。即他們認為目前的方法不能確定吻合的DNA不是來自同族的兩個人)。因此，A項“排除兩個DNA樣本決不會來自兩個人的可能性，目前的方法還不能那么令人信服”符合兩人觀點的表述。4.判斷推理題。題干意為:聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局的態(tài)度表明…最后一段指出:enoughdataarealreadyavailabletoshowthatthemethodscurrentlybeingusedareadequate(足夠的數(shù)據(jù)可以利用，以表明目前正在使用的方法是合適的)。InJanuary1998,however,theFederalBureauofinvestigationandlaboratoriesthatconductDNAtestsannouncedthattheywouldcollectadditionalDNAsamplesfromvariousethnicgroupsinanattempttoresolvesomeofthesequestions(然而，1998年一月，聯(lián)邦調(diào)査局和做DNA實驗的實驗室宣布，他們會從各種各樣的種族那里收集額外的DNA樣本，以求解決一些問題)。所以，聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局的行為是想證明是否有足夠的數(shù)據(jù)可以表明目前正在使用的方法是正確的，即想證明上句中所支持的觀點——DNA的吻合準確性。因此選B項“應(yīng)該收集足夠的DNA樣本數(shù)據(jù)以證明只有同一人的DNA樣本才能吻合”。5.判斷推理題。題干意為:國家科學(xué)院持什么觀點？根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞NationalAcademyofSciences定位至最后一句話:And,inApril,theNationalAcademyofSciencescalledforstrictstandardsandsystemofaccreditationforDNAtestinglaboratories(四月，對于DNA撿測實驗室，國家科學(xué)院要求對其有嚴格的鑒定合格的標準和制度),也就是通過嚴格審核標準，DNA監(jiān)測實驗室才符合要求。因此選B項“只有權(quán)威認可/審定的實驗室可以進行DNA測試”。2.【答案】D【解析】句意:和廣為流傳的說法相反的是，蟑螂如果沒有人在周圍踩它們的話，根本不能占領(lǐng)世界?？疾槎陶Z辨析。Inviewof考慮到，由于；thanksto多虧；incaseof如果，萬一；contraryto與……相反。因此D符合句意。3.【答案】D【解析】句意:語言的成功與其說是智力問題，不如說是應(yīng)用問題。語法題?？疾楸容^結(jié)構(gòu)。amatterof“事關(guān)……的事”，四個選項中，只有D項符合正確表達。4.【答案】第1題:D第2題:A第3題:D第4題:A第5題:B【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。第一段指出:Hehadsuccessfullyriddenthewaveofpopularsupportthatbroughthimintoofficetodeliveruniversalhealthcoverage,afeatthateludedallhispredecessors(他借民意支持成功上位，以推行全民健康保險，這項功績可謂前無古人)。所以，他認為此次醫(yī)療改革是歷史性時刻的原因是這項功績，即D項“這是一項全民醫(yī)保改革”。2.判斷推理題。第二段指出:Buttherealityofpoliticshasobstructedthatgranddream(但是，政治的現(xiàn)實性使得這一偉大夢想障礙重重)。因此，A項“從政治上說，奧巴馬醫(yī)改的偉大夢想得以建造”不符合原文所述。答案選A。3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞KathleenSebelius定位至第五段:Allthatseemsimpressive,buthere’stherub:manyAmericansdonotbelieveMrs.Sebelius(這一切聽起來甚是美好，可問題在于：許多美國人并不信任西貝利厄斯女士)。因此D項“她在推行醫(yī)改中遭遇困難”正確，同時排除A和B項。第三段指出:shepointedtoevidenceofan‘enormousdifferenceithasmadeinthelivesofAmericans(她指出‘其在美國社會中業(yè)已產(chǎn)生的巨大影響‘這一證詞),因此可排除C項。故答案選D。4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞thepollbyKFF定位至第五段:RoughlyhalfofthosepolledbyKFFthoughtObamacarehadalreadybeenrepealedorwereunsureofitslegalfooting.Itremainsthelawoftheland(凱薩家庭基金會所收集的近一半投票都認為奧式醫(yī)改方案己被撤銷或是仍缺失法律基礎(chǔ)。這僅是一時之策)。因此A項“缺乏法律基礎(chǔ)并且已被撤銷”正確。5.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞befreeinwaysofbuildinglocalinsurancemarkets定位至租后一段:Aslongasstatesmeetgeneralgoalsoncoveringmorepeopleandcurbingcosts,theywillbegivenflexibilityinhowtheysetuptheirlocalinsurancemarkets(只要該州達到使更多人參保并抑制成本的目標，就能擁有如何創(chuàng)建當?shù)乇ｋU市場的自主權(quán))。因此選B項“他們能覆蓋更多人（參加保險）并且控制保險成本”。5.【答案】1.other→another2.shopping→shop3.or→and4.at→on5.to→/6.are→were7.makes→making8.without→away9.mean→means10.discourage→encourage【解析】1.固定搭配。Oneanother互相。2.詞性誤用。此句中由and并列連接不定式動詞短語，因此，將shopping改為動詞原形shop。3.連詞誤用。并列連詞or表示選擇“或者”，and表示“然后，接著”。因此這里應(yīng)該用and。4.固定搭配。bemadon對…著迷。5.固定搭配。Makesb.dosth.使某人做某事。6.語法題。這是由supposing(that)引導(dǎo)條件句，整句話是過去時態(tài)，因此，that從句中的謂語動詞“aren’t”應(yīng)該改為“werenot”。7.語法題。句子已經(jīng)有謂語動詞was，因此動詞make得變成非謂語動詞。另外，make與邏輯主語company之間是主動關(guān)系。而且，根據(jù)并列連詞and后面的非謂語形式“making”可知，此處要將makes改為making。8.固定搭配。該處句意為:假設(shè)只有一個商店，你得買它所提供的東西，根據(jù)它的要求付錢，或者離開。你沒有真正的選擇。Goaway表示“走開，離開”，因此將without改為away。9.語法題?？疾橹髦^一致。該句主語是不可數(shù)名詞“competition(競爭)”。因此謂語動詞應(yīng)該用三單形式。10.動詞誤用。前面句意為:供應(yīng)商之間的競爭意味著消費者可以獲得更好的交易；消費者的選擇是影響產(chǎn)品的重要手段。因此此處應(yīng)該表示的是“消費者鼓勵競爭”。6.【答案】D【解析】句意:經(jīng)過幾次談話，雙方都認為這個領(lǐng)土紛爭已經(jīng)解決了。考查固定搭配。regardsth.asdone將某事看做已經(jīng)完成了的事。因此選D項。7.【答案】A【解析】句意:他們開始懷著濃厚的好奇和興趣閱讀愛爾蘭的書籍?？疾樾稳菰~辨析。inquisitive好學(xué)的，好奇的，興趣廣泛的，過分打聽他人私事的；curious好奇的;prying愛打聽的;inquiring好問的，愛探索的。句子整體表達的是帶褒義的，因此A項正確。8.【答案】C【解析】句意:中國有數(shù)百個島嶼，最大的島是臺灣島。語法題。考查復(fù)合句。逗號連接兩個句子,因此空格處至少有一個連詞。故排除A項。B項中“thelargestofwhich”和D項中“inwhichthelargest”都不能充當主語。因此，正確答案是C項。9.【答案】D【解析】句意:直到十萬年宇宙大爆炸之后，光子才從物質(zhì)中釋放出來?？疾槎陶Z辨析。D項“從…中釋放”符合句意。10.【答案】C【解析】句意:這座電站一建成竣工，就將向周圍城鄉(xiāng)供電。語法題。考查非謂語動詞。逗號后面句子已經(jīng)完整，因此逗號前面是動詞的非謂語形式。整個句子主語是“thispowerstation”，因此其與待選的動詞之間是被動關(guān)系。當once是做副詞吋，后面接過去分詞表被動，且因主語一致則省略主語，once后應(yīng)該為“completed”。11.【答案】A【解析】句意:為什么素食餐館使其食物除了成分外，其他都像肉類呢？考查名詞辨析。ingredient（食物等的）成分；element因素；component（機器等的）元件、部件；compound（化學(xué)等的）合成物。因此A符合句意。12.【答案】C【解析】句意:鑒于此次調(diào)研項目的完全失敗，他很有可能會辭職?？疾楦痹~辨析。doubtfully懷疑地，含糊地；adequately足夠地，適當?shù)?presumably據(jù)推測，可能；reasonably明辨道理地，合理地，有理性地。根據(jù)此句“鑒于此次調(diào)研項目的完全失敗”推測C項符合句意。13.【答案】A【解析】句意:老年俄羅斯公民發(fā)現(xiàn)，依靠國家的養(yǎng)老金生活很艱難?？疾槊~辨析。pension養(yǎng)老金；earning收益；工資；salary薪水；donation捐贈；捐款。因此A項正確。14.【答案】B【解析】句意:你認為再次修理那輛卡車還有意義嗎？語法題?？疾楣潭ň湫?。句子為it做為形式賓語的賓語從句。如果賓語從句中出現(xiàn)了anygood,nogood,anyuse或nouse等,句用動名詞來充當真正的賓語。15.【答案】D【解析】句意:當英國人在被介紹給別人的時候，經(jīng)常喜歡和陌生人握手。16.【答案】第1題:D第2題:A第3題:C第4題:D第5題:D【解析】1.詞義題。文章第一句指出:……為兒童設(shè)計并被稱為“無聊殺手”的書籍、網(wǎng)站、電視節(jié)目、音像制品表明“ennui”沒有年齡界限。因此推測，ennui是屬于“無聊”之意的范疇，故選D項“一種沒事可干的感覺”。2.細節(jié)事實題。通過題干關(guān)鍵詞"alostartform"定位至第一段最后一句:然而，一些專家最近指出，強迫性地逃避無聊使人無法進入無聊帶來的某種思維空間，這使我們在創(chuàng)造力和精神上都處于營養(yǎng)不良的狀態(tài)。換句話說，無聊成了一種“逝去的藝術(shù)形式”。以及最后一段:正是這種無聊被一些人視為逝去的藝術(shù)形式。從四面八方涌來的過多的信息意味著很少有時間可用于個人思考、深思、或者僅僅“溜號”。因此，綜合考慮，無聊可以提供某種思維空間，但是現(xiàn)代社會充斥著過多的信息，從而使得這種思考空間成為“逝去的藝術(shù)形式”。故選A項“被剝奪了深入思考”。3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞StevenWinn定位至第二段:theuniversalexperienceofbeingboredmaybefarmoreprecious,fruitfulandevenprofoundthanasurfaceunderstandingmightsuggest(普遍的無聊經(jīng)歷可能比表面看起來的要更加珍貴、更有成效、甚至更深刻)以及boredomdeservesitsownsun-splashedattentionandcelebration(無聊應(yīng)受到陽光燦爛般的關(guān)注和贊美),因此可看出，StevenWinn認為，無聊（其意義和積極影響）值得關(guān)注。4.判斷推理題。A:兩個定義相互矛盾。B:有優(yōu)劣之分。文章的第三段和第四段分別談及“無聊”的兩種看法，但是不是相互矛盾，而且也無優(yōu)劣之分，故排除A項和B項。C:是藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作的源泉。第四段第一句指出:無聊給予了人們獨立思考的空間，因而對于藝術(shù)創(chuàng)造是極其珍貴的,但是并不能說無聊就是藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作的源泉，故排除C項。D:消亡于信息時代。根據(jù)第四段可知:無聊被稱之為“逝去的藝術(shù)形式”是因為繁雜的信息意味著用于有利于藝術(shù)創(chuàng)造的思考時間很少，即“無聊”的時間很少了，因此選D。5.主旨大意題。文章談及對“無聊”的兩種看法，并且提出“無聊”已經(jīng)成了“逝去的藝術(shù)形式”這一主要觀點。因此，D項“無聊的意義”比較適合做文章標題。17.【答案】C【解析】句意:賓夕法尼亞州的創(chuàng)始人，WilliamPenn先生積極維護每一個公民自由選擇宗教的權(quán)利。考查副詞辨析。peculiarly異常地；古怪地；indifferently漠不關(guān)心地；冷淡地；vigorously精神旺盛地，活潑地；大力地；inevitably不可避免地；自然而然地；必然地。因此C符合句意。18.【答案】C【解析】句意:不管怎樣，我們不會對他的無理要求作出任何讓步考查固定搭配。Comewhatmay不管三七二十一，不管怎樣。19.【答案】第1題:B第2題:A第3題:C第4題:D第5題:A【解析】1.判斷推理題。題干意為:以下哪項不正確？A:孕期媽媽通過學(xué)習(xí)詩歌、藝術(shù)或者數(shù)學(xué)，以影響寶寶的某種品質(zhì)。B:完全不能從產(chǎn)前發(fā)育中學(xué)到什么。C:母親的血管和孩子沒有直接連接。D:母親和寶寶之間的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)沒有連接。文章第一句指出:Whatweknowofprenataldevelopmentmakesallthisattemptmadebyamothertomoldthecharacterofherunbornchildbystudyingpoetry,art,ormathematicsduringpregnancyseemutterlyimpossible(孕期媽媽通過學(xué)習(xí)詩歌、藝術(shù)或者數(shù)學(xué)，以影響寶寶的某種品質(zhì)，以期獲得眾所周知的“產(chǎn)前發(fā)展”，但是，這似乎是不可能的)。因此A項正確,B項錯誤。第一段還指出:Thereisnoconnectionbetweentheirnervoussystems.Eventhebloodvesselsofmotherandchilddonotjoindirectly(母親和寶寶之間的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)沒有連接。甚至，母親的血管和孩子沒有直接連接),因此C和D項正確。答案選B。2.細節(jié)事實題。題干意為:在什么情況下，母親影響未出生的寶寶？第一段指出:Anemotionalshocktothemotherwillaffectherchild,becauseitchangestheactivityofherglandsandsothechemistryherblood.Anychemicalchangeinthemother’sbloodwillaffectthechildforbetterorworse(媽媽情緒上的波動會影響到寶寶，因為這能改變她腺體的活性和血液中的化學(xué)成分。媽媽血液中化學(xué)成分的任何改變都會或好或壞的影響到寶寶)。因此，A項“她的情緒波