(新)高考閱讀理解主旨題講解課件

閱讀理解—主旨類學習目標1.識記5種主旨類考題的命題方式2.理解主旨類題目的解題方法3.熟練運用技巧解決主旨類題考頻統(tǒng)計2016-2020年真題2016-2020年全國卷中，主旨大意題占有7%目錄02解題技巧03例題剖析01命題方式

總結(jié)041命題方式（新）高考閱讀理解主旨題講解精品ppt課件-PPT執(zhí)教課件【推薦】（新）高考閱讀理解主旨題講解精品ppt課件-PPT執(zhí)教課件【推薦】常見命題形式：1、標題Thebesttitle/headlineforthispassageis_______.（2019全國一35題）2、大意Themainidea/keypointofthispassageisthat_____.

Thepassageismainlyabout_____.3、出處Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?（2019全國一31題）4、總結(jié)Fromthepassagewecanconclude/learnthat_____.5、目的Thepurpose/intentionofthispassageisthat______（2020山東11題）

（新）高考閱讀理解主旨題講解精品ppt課件-PPT執(zhí)教課件【推薦】（新）高考閱讀理解主旨題講解精品ppt課件-PPT執(zhí)教課件【推薦】2解題技巧（新）高考閱讀理解主旨題講解精品ppt課件-PPT執(zhí)教課件【推薦】（新）高考閱讀理解主旨題講解精品ppt課件-PPT執(zhí)教課件【推薦】

統(tǒng)計2016—2020年全國卷，共考17道主旨大意題，其中11道可在原文首段找到主旨句（64%），3道在結(jié)尾出現(xiàn)（17%），2道歸納總結(jié)（11%）文章首段的重要性（新）高考閱讀理解主旨題講解精品ppt課件-PPT執(zhí)教課件【推薦】（新）高考閱讀理解主旨題講解精品ppt課件-PPT執(zhí)教課件【推薦】1、遇到主旨大意題，先關(guān)注文章首段。2、首段無法確認主旨，關(guān)注文章尾段。3、通過文章每段首尾句及高頻詞進行整體歸納。結(jié)論（新）高考閱讀理解主旨題講解精品ppt課件-PPT執(zhí)教課件【推薦】（新）高考閱讀理解主旨題講解精品ppt課件-PPT執(zhí)教課件【推薦】解題技巧：“非常4+1”4——首段、尾段、段落首句、段落尾句1——高頻詞（新）高考閱讀理解主旨題講解精品ppt課件-PPT執(zhí)教課件【推薦】（新）高考閱讀理解主旨題講解精品ppt課件-PPT執(zhí)教課件【推薦】首段（新）高考閱讀理解主旨題講解精品ppt課件-PPT執(zhí)教課件【推薦】（新）高考閱讀理解主旨題講解精品ppt課件-PPT執(zhí)教課件【推薦】（2018全國IC）31.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Newlanguageswillbecreated.B.People'slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.C.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.D.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.（新）高考閱讀理解主旨題講解精品ppt課件-PPT執(zhí)教課件【推薦】（新）高考閱讀理解主旨題講解精品ppt課件-PPT執(zhí)教課件【推薦】（2018全國IC）

①Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(聯(lián)系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.31.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Newlanguageswillbecreated.B.People'slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.C.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.D.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.（新）高考閱讀理解主旨題講解精品ppt課件-PPT執(zhí)教課件【推薦】（新）高考閱讀理解主旨題講解精品ppt課件-PPT執(zhí)教課件【推薦】（2018全國IC）

①Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(聯(lián)系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.②Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialization,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalizationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.（新）高考閱讀理解主旨題講解精品ppt課件-PPT執(zhí)教課件【推薦】（新）高考閱讀理解主旨題講解精品ppt課件-PPT執(zhí)教課件【推薦】③Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa2400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位數(shù))ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.④Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150),LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.（新）高考閱讀理解主旨題講解精品ppt課件-PPT執(zhí)教課件【推薦】（新）高考閱讀理解主旨題講解精品ppt課件-PPT執(zhí)教課件【推薦】31.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Newlanguageswillbecreated.B.People'slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.C.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.D.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.C無中生有無中生有無中生有（新）高考閱讀理解主旨題講解精品ppt課件-PPT執(zhí)教課件【推薦】（新）高考閱讀理解主旨題講解精品ppt課件-PPT執(zhí)教課件【推薦】做題步驟判考點根據(jù)題干信息判斷是否為主旨題定位置根據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計先看首段是否有中心句

提取中心句關(guān)鍵信息比選項比較四個選項初步排除干擾項，確定跟中心句關(guān)鍵信息相關(guān)的選項驗答案根據(jù)其他關(guān)鍵位置信息確認答案（新）高考閱讀理解主旨題講解精品ppt課件-PPT執(zhí)教課件【推薦】（新）高考閱讀理解主旨題講解精品ppt課件-PPT執(zhí)教課件【推薦】2018全國1B27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?KeepingFitbyEatingSmart BalancingOurDailyDietC.MakingyourselfaPerfectChef D.CookingWellforLess第一步：判考點第二步：定位置主旨大意題2018全國1BGoodMorningBritain’sSusannaReidisusedtogrillingguestsonthesofaeverymorning,butsheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole—showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget.InSaveMoney:GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipesforunder￡5perfamilyaday.AndtheGoodMorningBritainpresentersaysshe’sbeenabletoputalotofwhatshe’sleantintopracticeinherownhome,preparingmealsforsons,Sam,14,Finn,13,andJack,11."WeloveMexicanchurros,soIbuythemonmyphonefrommylocalMexicantakeawayrestaurant,"sheexplains."Ipay￡5foraportion(一份),butMattmakesthemfor26paportion,becausetheyareflour,water,sugarandoil.Everybodycanbuytakeawayfood,butsometimeswe’renotawarehowcheaplywecanmakethisfoodourselves."Theeight-partseries(系列節(jié)自),SaveMoney:GoodFood,followsinthefootstepsofITV’sSaveMoney:Good

Health,whichgaveviewersadviceonhowtogetvaluefromthevastrangeofhealthproductsonthemarket.Withfoodourbiggestweeklyhouseholdexpense,SusannaandMattspendtimewithadifferentfamilyeachweek.Intonight’sEasterspecialtheycometotheaidofafamilyinneedofsomedeliciousinspirationonabudget.Theteamtransformsthefamily’slongweekendofcelebrationwithlessexpensivebutstilltastyrecipes.GoodMorningBritain’sSusannaReidisusedtogrillingguestsonthesofaeverymorning,butsheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole—showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget.27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.KeepingFitbyEatingSmart B.BalancingOurDailyDietC.MakingyourselfaPerfectChef D.CookingWellforLess首段第三步：比選項尾段 Withfoodourbiggestweeklyhouseholdexpense,SusannaandMattspendtimewithadifferentfamilyeachweek.Intonight’sEasterspecialtheycometotheaidofafamilyinneedofsomedeliciousinspirationonabudget.Theteamtransformsthefamily’slongweekendofcelebrationwithlessexpensivebutstilltastyrecipes.27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.KeepingFitbyEatingSmart B.BalancingOurDailyDietC.MakingyourselfaPerfectChef D.CookingWellforLess1.首段轉(zhuǎn)折詞的重要性。轉(zhuǎn)折

but,however讓步

although,even

though(if),while,despite,inspiteof其他

instead,instead

of,infact,unfortunately2.邏輯關(guān)系的重要性，特別是并列和轉(zhuǎn)折3.

關(guān)鍵位置的關(guān)鍵詞的決定作用結(jié)論（2019全國III）27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.YoungModelsSellingDreamstotheWorldB.AChineseArtExhibitionHeldinNewYorkC.DifferencesBetweenEasternandWesternAestheticsD.ChineseCultureFuelingInternationalFashionTrends①ForWesterndesigners,ChinaanditsrichculturehavelongbeenaninspirationforWesterncreative.27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.YoungModelsSellingDreamstotheWorldB.AChineseArtExhibitionHeldinNewYorkC.DifferencesBetweenEasternandWesternAestheticsD.ChineseCultureFuelingInternationalFashionTrends②"It'snosecretthatChinahasalwaysbeenasource(來源)ofinspirationfordesigners,"saysAmandaHill,chiefcreativeofficeratA+ENetworks,aglobalmediacompanyandhometosomeofthebiggestfashion(時尚)shows.③Earlierthisyear,theChinaThroughALookingGlassexhibitioninNewYorkexhibited140piecesofChina-inspiredfashionableclothingalongsideChineseworksofart,withtheaimofexploringtheinfluenceofChineseaesthetics(美學)onWesternfashionandhowChinahasfueledthefashionableimaginationforcenturies.Theexhibitionhadrecordattendance,showingthatthereishugeinterestinChineseinfluences.④"Chinaisimpossibletooverlook,"saysHill."Chinesemodelsarethefacesofbeautyandfashioncampaignsthatselldreamstowomenallovertheworld,whichmeansChinesewomenarenotjustconsumersoffashion—theyarecentraltoitsmovement."Ofcourse,onlyaretoday'stopWesterndesignersbeinginfluencedbyChina-someofthebestdesignersofcontemporaryfashionarethemselvesChinese."VeraWang,AlexanderWang,JasonWuaretakingonGaliano,Albaz,MarcJacobs-andbeatingthemhandsdownindesignandsales,"addsHil.⑤ForHill,itisimpossiblenottotalkaboutChinaastheleadingplayerwhendiscussingfashion."ThemostfamousdesignersareChinese,soarethemodels,andsoaretheconsumers,"shesays."Chinaisnolongerjustanothermarket;inmanysensesithasbecomethemarket.Ifyoutalkaboutfashiontoday,youaretalkingaboutChina-itsinfluences,itsdirection,itsbreathtakingclothes,andhowyoungdesignersandmodelsarefinallyacknowledgingthatinmanyways."

（2019全國III）27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.YoungModelsSellingDreamstotheWorldB.AChineseArtExhibitionHeldinNewYorkC.DifferencesBetweenEasternandWesternAestheticsD.ChineseCultureFuelingInternationalFashionTrends范圍過窄范圍過窄無中生有D細節(jié)信息不作為主旨題答案??！段中（2019全國IIC）4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Thetrendofhavingmealsalone.B.Theimportanceofself-reflection.C.Thestressfromworkingovertime.D.Theadvantageofwirelesstechnology.例題1.MarianBechtelsitsatWestPalmBeach'sBarLouiecounterbyherself,quietlyreadinghere-bookasshewaitsforhersalad.Whatisshereading?Noneofyourbusiness!LunchisBechtel’s“me”time.AndlikemoreAmericans,she’snotalone.2.Anewreportfound46percentofmealsareeatenalone

inAmerica.Morethanhalf(53percent)havebreakfastaloneandnearlyhalf(46percent)havelunchbythemselves.Onlyatdinnertimeareweeatingtogetheranymore,74percent,accordingtostatisticsfromthereport.3.“Iprefertogooutandbeout.Alone,buttogether,youknow?”Bechtelsaid,lookingupfromherbook.Bechtel,whoworksindowntownWestPalmBeach,haslunchwithcoworkerssometimes,butlikemanyofus,toooftenworksthroughlunchatherdesk.Alunchtimeescapeallowshertokeepabossfromtappingherontheshoulder.Shereturnstoworkfeelingenergized.“Today,Ijustwantedsometimetomyself,”shesaid.4.Justtwoseatsover,AndrewMazoleny,alocalvideographer,isfinishinghislunchatthebar.Helikesthathecansitandcheckhisphoneinpeaceorchatupthebarkeeperwithwhomhe’sonafirst-namebasisifhewantstohavealittleinteraction(交流).“Ireflectonhowmyday’sgoneandthinkabouttherestoftheweek,”hesaid.“It’sachanceforself-reflection.Youreturntoworkrechargedandwithaplan.5.Thatfreedomtochooseisonereasonmorepeopleliketoeatalone.Therewasatimewhenpeoplemayhavefeltawkwardaboutaskingforatableforone,butthosedaysareover.Now,wehaveoursmartphonestokeepuscompanyatthetable.“Itdoesn’tfeelasaloneasitmayhavebeforealltheadvancesintechnology,”saidLaurieDemeritt,whosecompanyprovidedthestatisticsforthereport.（2019全國IIC）4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Thetrendofhavingmealsalone.B.Theimportanceofself-reflection.C.Thestressfromworkingovertime.D.Theadvantageofwirelesstechnology.以偏概全無中生有無中生有練習：（2020全國ID）

Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Canwegrowmoreglowingplants? B.Howdowelivewithglowingplants?C.Couldglowingplantsreplacelamps? D.Howareglowingplantsmadepollution-free?（2020全國ID）1.Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown，Ohio，forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.2.TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology（MIT）havetakenitastepfurther—changingtheactualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse,evenunusualfunctions.Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey’reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater.＂We’rethinkingabouthowwecanengineerplantstoreplacefunctionsofthethingsthatweuseeveryday,＂explainedMichaelStrano,aprofessorofchemicalengineeringatMIT.（2020全國ID）3.Oneofhislatestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsglow（發(fā)光）inexperimentsusingsomecommonvegetables.Strano’steamfoundthattheycouldcreateafaintlightforthree-and-a-halfhours.Thelight,aboutone-thousandthoftheamountneededtoreadby,isjustastart.Thetechnology,Stranosaid,couldonedaybeusedtolighttheroomsoreventoturntreeintoself-poweredstreetlamps.4.Inthefuture,theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcanbesprayedontoplantleavesinaone-offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant’slifetime.Theengineersarealsotryingtodevelopanonandoff＂switch＂wheretheglowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.5.Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersource（電源）—suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway—alotofenergyislostduringtransmission（傳輸）.

Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.（2020全國ID）Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?CA.Canwegrowmoreglowingplants? B.Howdowelivewithglowingplants?C.Couldglowingplantsreplacelamps? D.Howareglowingplantsmadepollution-free?無中生有范圍過寬無中生有尾段2019全國1DDuringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool(小學),Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes,whichallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus.Iwasthequeenoftheplayground.Thencamemytweensandteens,andmeangirlsandcoolkids.Theyroseintheranksnotbybeingfriendlybutbysmokingcigarettes,breakingrulesandplayingjokesonothers,amongwhomIsoonfoundmyself.Popularityisawell-exploredsubjectinsocialpsychology.MitchPrinstein,aprofessorofclinicalpsychologysortsthepopularintotwocategories:thelikableandthestatusseekers.Thelikables’plays-well-with-othersqualitiesstrengthenschoolyardfriendships,jump-startinterpersonalskillsand,whentappedearly,areemployedeverafterinlifeandwork.Thenthere’sthekindofpopularitythatappearsinadolescence:statusbornofpowerandevendishonorablebehavior.Enviableasthecoolkidsmayhaveseemed,Dr.Prinstein’sstudiesshowunpleasantconsequences.Thosewhowerehighestinstatusinhighschool,aswellasthoseleastlikedinelementaryschool,are“mostlikelytoengage(從事)indangerousandriskybehavior.”Inonestudy,Dr.Prinsteinexaminedthetwotypesofpopularityin235adolescents,scoringtheleastliked,themostlikedandthehighestinstatusbasedonstudentsurveys(調(diào)查研究).“Wefoundthattheleastwell-likedteenshadbecomemoreaggressiveovertimetowardtheirclassmates.Butsohadthosewhowerehighinstatus.Itclearlyshowedthatwhilelikabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment,highstatushasjusttheoppositeeffectonus."Dr.Prinsteinhasalsofoundthatthequalitiesthatmadetheneighborswantyouonaplaydate-sharing,kindness,openness—carryovertolateryearsandmakeyoubetterabletorelateandconnectwithothers.Inanalyzinghisandotherresearch，Dr.Prinsteincametoanotherconclusion:Notonlyislikabilityrelatedtopositivelifeoutcomes,butitisalsoresponsibleforthoseoutcomes,too."Beinglikedcreatesopportunitiesforlearningandfornewkindsoflifeexperiencesthathelpsomebodygainanadvantage,”hesaid.35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.BeNice-YouWon’tFinishLastB.TheHighertheStatus,theBeerC.BetheBest-YouCanMakeItD.MoreSelf-Control,LessAggressiveness第一段Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool(小學),Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes,whichallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus.Iwasthequeenoftheplayground.Thencamemytweensandteens,andmeangirlsandcoolkids.Theyroseintheranksnotbybeingfriendlybutbysmokingcigarettes,breakingrulesandplayingjokesonothers,amongwhomIsoonfoundmyself.敘述尾段Inanalyzinghisandotherresearch，Dr.Prinsteincametoanotherconclusion:Notonlyislikabilityrelatedtopositivelifeoutcomes,butitisalsoresponsibleforthoseoutcomes,too."Beinglikedcreatesopportunitiesforlearningandfornewkindsoflifeexperiencesthathelpsomebodygainanadvantage,”hesaid.35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.BeNice-YouWon’tFinishLastB.TheHighertheStatus,theBetterC.BetheBest-YouCanMakeItD.MoreSelf-Control,LessAggressivenessTips:主旨題正確和錯誤選項特點

正確選項特點：1.是主題句、關(guān)鍵詞2.能概括文章全部內(nèi)容，不出現(xiàn)細節(jié)信息3.含義深刻或說明道理4.不含過于肯定或絕對的詞語錯誤選項特點：1.無關(guān)2.范圍過寬或過窄3.無中生有3總結(jié)3.總結(jié)1、做主旨題時，仔細審題，看好范圍，搞清是問某一段還是全文的中心思想。2、

“非常4+1”“4”——首段、尾段、段落首句、段落尾句“1”——高頻詞3、選標題時，要仔細考慮選項與文章主題是否具有密切聯(lián)系，避免三種錯誤：1）

無中生有2）范圍過寬或過窄3）偷換概念4課后練習35.Whatcanbeasuitabl