2022-2023學(xué)年江西省臨川重點中學(xué)高二下學(xué)期第三次聯(lián)考英語試題（原卷版+解析版無聽力音頻無聽力原文）

第第頁2022-2023學(xué)年江西省臨川重點中學(xué)高二下學(xué)期第三次聯(lián)考英語試題（原卷版+解析版，無聽力音頻無聽力原文）臨川二中2022-2023學(xué)年度下學(xué)期第三次月考

高二英語試題卷

說明：

1.本卷共包括四部分，考試時間120分鐘，總分150分。

2.本卷分為試題卷和答題卡，答案要求寫在答題卡上，不得在試題卷上作答，否則不給分。

第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)

做題時先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。

第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)

聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。

1.Whatarethespeakerstalkabout

A.Choosinganovel.B.Havingabirthdayparty.C.GettingJimagift.

2.Howmightthewomanfeel

A.Annoyed.B.Satisfied.C.Excited.

3.Whereisthepostoffice

A.Infrontofahotel.B.Oppositeasupermarket.C.Nexttoagarage.

4.Whatwasthemanfinedfor

A.Drivingtoofast.B.Parkingillegally.C.Runningaredlight.

5.Whendoestheflightleave

A.At8:30a.m.B.At9:00a.m.C.At9:30a.m.

第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)

聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。

聽第6段材料，回答第6至7題。

6HowdidthewomanknowaboutYoloMexicanEatery

A.Fromthenewspaper.B.Fromtheman.C.Fromhermother.

7.WhatdidthemanlikemostaboutYoloMexicanEatery

A.Thefood.B.Theservice.C.Theatmosphere.

聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。

8.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout

A.LookingafterEdwin.B.SendingEdwintoschool.C.Workingthenightshift.

9.WhoshouldplanEdwin’sfutureinthewoman’sopinion

A.Edwinhimself.B.Thefather.C.Themother.

10.Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation

A.Thecouplehavetowork.

B.Thecouplehavemuchsparetime.

C.Thehusbandwillbefreeinthedaytime.

聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。

11.WhoisPercyJackson

A.Theman’sson.

B.Areaderoftheman’sbooks.

C.Acharacterinabookseries.

12.Whatdoweknowabouttheman’sbooks

A.They’rebasedonfacts.

B.They’repopularwithchildren.

C.Theyaren’tsuitableforbedtimestories.

13.WhendidTheLostHerocomeout

A.In2023.B.In2023.C.In2023.

聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。

14.Whydoesthewomanregardstudyingabroadasagoodidea

A.Itwillprovidemanynewopportunities.

B.Therearemoreuniversitiesabroad.

C.It’seasiertoapplyforuniversitiesabroad.

15.Whichcountrydoesthemanwanttogoto

A.Australia.B.TheUK.C.TheUSA.

16.Whatdoesthemanhavetodotogetanunconditionaloffer

A.Haveaninterviewagain.

B.Learnsomesubjectsinadvance.

C.GetanIELTSscoreof7.5overall.

17.WhoisgoodaboutstudyinginAmericaaccordingtothewoman

A.Thelifestyleisnearlythesame.

B.Thelivingcostisthelowest.

C.Therewillbescholarships.

聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。

18.WhatwillthetemperaturebeatthebottomoftheGrandCanyoninfourhours

A.26℃.B.41℃.C.43℃.

19.Whatisthethemostimportantthingtobringaccordingtothespeaker

A.Somemedicine.B.Enoughwater.C.Comfortableclothes.

20.WhatisthemostcommoncauseofdeathintheGrandCanyon

A.Heatexhaustion.B.Fallingintoit.C.Gettingbittenbysnakes.

第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)

第一節(jié)：(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。

A

Allthetasteofa4-hourslow-cookedmealwithnoneoftheeffort

Indulge(盡情享受)inaslow-cookedmealinminutes

It’snowpossibletoenjoyalltheamazingtasteandflavourofaslowcookedmealwithinminutesthankstoParsleyBox.OurnewSlowCookedrangeisperfectforindulgentnightsinwhenyouwantsomethingdelicious,butconvenient—anydayoftheweek.

WithParsleyBox,wedoallthepreparationandhoursofcookingforyou.Simplypopourmealsinthemicrowaveandtheyarereadyinlessthan3minutes.WealsodeliverdirecttoyourdooracrosstheUK.Thatmeanslesstimecookingandshoppingandmoretimeforthethingsyoulove.Plus,ourmealscanbestoredeasilyinyourpantryorcupboardforupto6monthssavingyouthatallimportantfridgeandfreezerspace,andsavingmoneyonenergycoststoo!

Premiumrestaurantqualitymealsatanastonishingprice

Ournewmealsaresuretowarmyouup.We’vetakenrestaurantclassicslikeCoqAuVin,BeefBourguignon,ChickenChasseurandBeefStroganoffandmadethemwithcarefullyselectedcutsofmeatandslowcookedthemeatsinrichsaucestodeliverbolddishes.We’vecreatedanexclusiveofferforyouof8ofourslowcookedmeals,twoportionsofdecadentpotatodauphinoiseandaFREEbottleofCabernetSauvignon(375ml)allforanexclusiveintroductorypriceofjust34.99.

Shoponlinetodayat:/RD23orcallourfriendlycustomerserviceteamon01313260131andquotecodeRD23.

1.WhatservicecanParsleyBoxofferyou

A.Toputyourmealsinthemicrowave.B.Todelivermealsdirecttoyourdoor.

C.Tocookmealsforyouinyourkitchen.D.Toplacethemealsinyourcupboard.

2.Whichoneofthefollowingisthereasonforqualitymeals

A.Carefullyselectedvegetable.B.Usenosaucestocookthemeat.

C.Cookthemeatsslowlywithsauces.D.Mixtwoportionsofpotatoandwine.

3.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage

A.Toteachpeopletocookdeliciousmeals.B.Toencouragepeopletoordermeals.

C.Toallowpeopletoenjoymealsfreeofcharge.D.Toinspirepeopletomakeanadvertisement.

【答案】1.B2.C3.B

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了提供餐食的ParsleyBox服務(wù)，介紹了服務(wù)和菜品特色。

【1題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“WealsodeliverdirecttoyourdooracrosstheUK.(我們也在英國各地直接送貨上門)”可知，ParsleyBox可以提供直接送餐上門服務(wù)。故選B。

【2題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“We’vetakenrestaurantclassicslikeCoqAuVin,BeefBourguignon,ChickenChasseurandBeefStroganoffandmadethemwithcarefullyselectedcutsofmeatandslowcookedthemeatsinrichsaucestodeliverbolddishes.(我們借鑒了酒燜雞、勃艮第牛肉、雞肉和斯特羅加諾夫牛肉等餐廳經(jīng)典菜肴，用精心挑選的肉塊烹制而成，用豐富的醬汁慢燉，做出大膽的菜肴)”可知，優(yōu)質(zhì)膳食的原因是用調(diào)料慢慢煮肉。故選C。

【3題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“It’snowpossibletoenjoyalltheamazingtasteandflavourofaslowcookedmealwithinminutesthankstoParsleyBox.OurnewSlowCookedrangeisperfectforindulgentnightsinwhenyouwantsomethingdelicious,butconvenient—anydayoftheweek.(多虧了香芹盒，現(xiàn)在你可以在幾分鐘內(nèi)享受到一頓慢燉大餐的美味和味道。我們的新慢煮系列是完美的放縱晚上，當(dāng)你想要美味，但方便——任何一天的一周)”以及最后一段“Shoponlinetodayat:/RD23orcallourfriendlycustomerserviceteamon01313260131andquotecodeRD23(今天在網(wǎng)上購物：/RD23或致電我們友好的客戶服務(wù)團隊01313260131，報價代碼RD23)”結(jié)合文章主要介紹了提供餐食的ParsleyBox服務(wù)，介紹了服務(wù)和菜品特色。由此推知，文章的目的是鼓勵人們點餐。故選B。

B

Ihadbeenreadyfortheinevitablefailuresofgraduateschool-experiments,proposals,evenclasses.ButIwascaughtoff-guardwhenmidwaythroughmyfirstyearIbegantofaceadifferenttypeofchallenge.Ifelttiredeverymorning.Myappetitedecreased.Istartedtonoticeanincreaseintripstothebathroom.FinallycamethebloodeachtimeIwent,whichcontinuedformorethanaweekandspurred(刺激)metogototheemergencydepartment.MydoctorstoldmeIneededtofocuscompletelyonmyhealthforthenext6months.IhopedIcouldkeepupwithmystudiesandtakecareofmyhealthbyswitchingprojectsandattendingclassesvirtually.However,mygraduateprogramwasn’tkeenontheideaandmydoctorsweren’teither.AllsaidIhadtwooptions:amedicalleaveofabsenceorwithdrawingfrommyprogram.

Ihadnevertakenabreakbefore.Iamthedaughterofimmigrants,andmyparentsbelievedbreaksweren’tanoptionforourfamily.Ifearedaddingtothedropoutstatisticforstudentsofcolor.Ifearedaleaveofabsencewouldbeseenasasignofweakness.ButIwasn’treadytogiveupongraduateschool,sotheleaveofabsenceseemedliketheonlyoption.

Iwasnolongeraresearcherorastudent;Iwasapatient.Whenclassmatesswappedmessagesaboutassignments,experiments,andexamsIfeltIhadnothingtoadd,soIstoppedresponding,andtheystoppedincludingme.Theisolationfueledmyfears,andthencamethedepression.

Still,Iknewthisleaveofabsencewasessential.Overthepastyear,Iconnectedwithotherswhoalsotooktimeawayduringgraduateschool.Inhearingtheirstories,IlearnedthataleaveofabsenceisperfectlyOK,nomatterthereason.Thereisbraveryintakingthetimetofocusonyourself.Ilearnedtotakecomfortinknowingthateveryone’sPh.D.journeyisunique,andminewasfarfromover.

4.Whatunexpectedchallengedidtheauthorface

A.Peerpressure.

B.Academicfailures.

C.Physicalproblems.

D.Anidentitycrisis.

5.Whathadtheauthorintendedtodoinresponsetothedoctor’sadvice

A.Takeonlinecourses.

B.Quitherprogram.

C.Askforamedicalleave.

D.Focusentirelyonherhealth.

6.Whatcanbestdescribetheauthor’schangingfeelingsaboutherleaveofabsence

A.Hopeful-desperate-proud.

B.Sorrowful-relieved-lonely.

C.Anxious-depressed-comfortable.

DAshamed-frightened-concerned.

7.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext

A.AMiracleofBravery

B.ABreakforMyHealth

C.MyRoughRoadtoRecovery

D.MyIncrediblePh.D.Journey

【答案】4.C5.A6.C7.B

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本篇為記敘文。介紹了主人公在讀博士期間意外得了重病，在需要請假暫停學(xué)業(yè)專注健康這件事上從焦慮沮喪到接受的過程。

【詳解】1.推理判斷題。從第一段“ButIwascaughtoff-guardwhenmidwaythroughmyfirstyearIbegantofaceadifferenttypeofchallenge.Ifelttiredeverymorning.Myappetitedecreased.Istartedtonoticeanincreaseintripstothebathroom.FinallycamethebloodeachtimeIwent,whichcontinuedformorethanaweekandspurred(刺激)metogototheemergencydepartment.(但是，當(dāng)我在第一年的中途開始面對一種不同類型的挑戰(zhàn)時，我猝不及防。我每天早上都感到很累。我的食欲下降了。我開始注意到上廁所的次數(shù)有所增加。最后，我每次去都會流血，這種情況持續(xù)了一個多星期，促使我去急診室。)”可以看出沒有想到的是自己的身體情況發(fā)生了重大的變化，故選C。

2.細節(jié)理解題。從第一段“MydoctorstoldmeIneededtofocuscompletelyonmyhealthforthenext6months.IhopedIcouldkeepupwithmystudiesandtakecareofmyhealthbyswitchingprojectsandattendingclassesvirtually.(我的醫(yī)生告訴我，在接下來的6個月里，我需要完全關(guān)注自己的健康。我希望通過轉(zhuǎn)換項目和參加線上課程，我可以跟上我的學(xué)習(xí)和照顧我的健康。)”可知想通過上網(wǎng)課的方式堅持學(xué)業(yè)。故選A。

3.推理判斷題。第二段請假前提到面對請假的各種焦慮，如“Ifearedaddingtothedropoutstatisticforstudentsofcolor.Ifearedaleaveofabsencewouldbeseenasasignofweakness.(我害怕增加有色人種學(xué)生的輟學(xué)率。我擔(dān)心休假會被視為軟弱的表現(xiàn)。)”；第三段請假中遠離課堂與同學(xué)疏遠感到悲傷絕望“Theisolationfueledmyfears,andthencamethedepression(與世隔絕加劇了我的恐懼，然后是抑郁癥。)”；第四段后來從他人的故事中得到安慰“Ilearnedtotakecomfortinknowingthateveryone’sPh.D.journeyisunique,andminewasfarfromover.(每個人的博士生涯都是獨一無二的，而我的博士生涯還遠遠沒有結(jié)束，這讓我感到安慰。)”可推斷，面對離開先是焦慮，繼而沮喪，最后感到寬慰。故選C。

4.主旨大意題。整篇文章介紹了主人公在讀博士期間意外得了重病，在需要請假暫停學(xué)業(yè)專注健康這件事上從焦慮沮喪到接受的過程，B項“為了我的健康休息一下”適合做文章標(biāo)題。故選B。

C

Recently,morethan1,000researchersandexecutivessignedanopenlettercallingforapauseinresearchonartificialintelligence.TheletterwarnsthatAImaythreatenjobs,spreadpropaganda(宣傳),andevenleadtothe“l(fā)ossofcontrolofourcivilization”.

Manyofthesignatories(簽署者)arethoughtfulandexperiencedAIpractitioners.Theirconcernsshouldbetakenseriously.Onbalance,though,theirapproachislikelytoevolveintoanoppositiontoprogress.

Considerthebroaderworldviewexpressedinthisdocument.Itsaid,“PowerfulAIsystemsshouldbedevelopedonlyonceweareconfidentthattheireffectswillbepositiveandrisksmanageable.”Thisisaformulaforcompletestop,asnoonecaneverbesoconfident.Thehistoryofinnovationisoneoftrialanderror,riskandreward.OnereasonwhytheUSleadstheworldindigitaltechnologyisthatitdidnotconstraintheindustrywithwell-meaningbutdoubtfulregulation.SlowingAIprogress,moreover,carriesrisksallitsown.Don’tforgetthatthistechnologyislikelytomaketheworldricher,healthier,smarterandmoreproductivefordecadestocome.By2030,itmightbecontributingmorethan$15trilliontotheglobaleconomy.Advancesinmedicine,biology,climatescience,education,manufacturing,transportationandmuchmoreareonthehorizon.Anynewrulesmustbebalancedagainstthevastpotentialoftheseefforts.

NorisAIresearchadvancingintoavoid(空白領(lǐng)域).Theindustryalreadyoperateswithinlegalparameters(范疇)inresponsetopotentialpanieshaveensuredtheirproductsaresafe.Tradeassociationsaredevelopingcodesofconductandethicalframeworks.Farfromthe“out-of-controlrace”,theAIbusinessisconstrainedbylawandpoliticsandconsumersentiment.

It’snaturaltoworryaboutnewtechnologies.ButthewealthandabundanceofAmericansocietyisdueinnosmallparttoriskstakeninthepast,inaspiritofopennessandoptimism.TheAIrevolutiondeservesnoless.

8.Whydidtheresearchersandexecutivessigntheopenletter

A.BecausetheresearchonAIhadbeenpaused.

B.BecauseAIhaduncontrollablydestroyedhumancivilization.

C.BecausetheywereworriedaboutthepotentialrisksofAI.

D.BecausetheyweremoreexperiencedthanothersinAIfield.

9.WhyistheUSmentionedinparagraph3

A.Tosupportthatinnovationcomesfromtakingrisks.

B.TostressthattheUSisveryimportantinthedigitalfield.

C.Todrawattentiontothebenefitsofwell-meaningregulations.

D.Torevealthosepeople’srealpurposeofsigningtheletter.

10.Whatcanweinferfromthispassage

A.AItechnologyconsumesmoremoneythanitcanearn.

B.SocietywillhugelybenefitfromAItechnologyinthefuture.

C.TheAIindustryisnowdevelopingwithoutanyrestrictions.

D.ThedevelopmentofAItechnologyisjustasoloeffort.

11.What’sthewriter’sattitudetowardsAIrevolution

A.Doubtful.B.Supportive.C.Neutral.D.Indifferent.

【答案】8.C9.A10.B11.B

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。最近，1000多名研究人員和高管簽署了一封公開信，呼吁暫停人工智能的研究。這封信警告說，人工智能可能會威脅到就業(yè)，傳播宣傳，甚至導(dǎo)致“對我們文明的失控”。許多簽名者都是深思熟慮且經(jīng)驗豐富的人工智能從業(yè)者。他們的擔(dān)憂應(yīng)該得到認真對待。但總的來說，他們的做法很可能演變成反對進步。

【8題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“TheletterwarnsthatAImaythreatenjobs,spreadpropaganda(宣傳),andevenleadtothe“l(fā)ossofcontrolofourcivilization”.(這封信警告說，人工智能可能會威脅到就業(yè)，傳播宣傳，甚至導(dǎo)致“對我們文明的失控”)”可知，研究人員和高管們簽署了這封公開信是因為他們擔(dān)心人工智能的潛在風(fēng)險。故選C。

【9題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Thehistoryofinnovationisoneoftrialanderror,riskandreward.OnereasonwhytheUSleadstheworldindigitaltechnologyisthatitdidnotconstraintheindustrywithwell-meaningbutdoubtfulregulation.(創(chuàng)新的歷史是一部試錯、冒險和回報的歷史。米國在數(shù)字技術(shù)領(lǐng)域領(lǐng)先世界的一個原因是，它沒有用善意但令人懷疑的監(jiān)管來限制該行業(yè))”可推知，第3段提到了米國是為了支持創(chuàng)新需要承擔(dān)風(fēng)險的論點。故選A。

【10題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Advancesinmedicine,biology,climatescience,education,manufacturing,transportationandmuchmoreareonthehorizon.Anynewrulesmustbebalancedagainstthevastpotentialoftheseefforts.(醫(yī)學(xué)、生物學(xué)、氣候科學(xué)、教育、制造業(yè)、交通運輸?shù)阮I(lǐng)域的進步即將到來。任何新規(guī)則都必須與這些努力的巨大潛力相平衡)”可推知，未來社會將從人工智能技術(shù)中受益匪淺。故選B。

【11題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“It’snaturaltoworryaboutnewtechnologies.ButthewealthandabundanceofAmericansocietyisdueinnosmallparttoriskstakeninthepast,inaspiritofopennessandoptimism.TheAIrevolutiondeservesnoless.(對新技術(shù)的擔(dān)憂是很自然的。但是，米國社會的財富和豐富在很大程度上要歸功于過去本著開放和樂觀的精神所承擔(dān)的風(fēng)險。人工智能革命理應(yīng)如此)”可推知，對人工智能革命的態(tài)度是支持的。故選B。

D

Ahappybeagle(小獵犬)calledBellalovesAmazonboxes.Ittearsintothemwhileignoringotherdeliveryboxes.LittleBit,atortoiseshellcat,issimilarlyconsumed—butbysocks.Itraids(偷襲)thelaundrybasketinthemiddleofthenightandalsopawsthroughtheopensuitcasesofhouseguests,whoalmostalwaysfindthemselvesmissingasockinthemorning.Petsdosomeprettyweirdthings.Butthesestrangebehaviorsoftenmakeperfectsensetothepets,saidscientistswhostudyanimalbehaviors.“Thesebehaviorsarenotinventedonthespot,”saidCarloSiracusa,aprofessorattheUniversityofPennsylvaniaSchoolofVeterinaryMedicine.Thepetsaredoingbehaviorsthattheirwildancestorsdid,butthey’vechangedthemabittofittheirnewlivesaspets.

Dogscanbetrainedtorolloverandplaydead.Buttheirancientinstinctsfromtheirwolfancestorsarestillthere.Instincts,orinstinctivebehaviors,arebehaviorsthataredonewithoutthinking.Theydon’thavetobelearned.Forexample,somedogswillscratchthegroundafterpooping(排便).Butthey’renottryingtoburytheirpoop.Theywantotheranimalstonoticeit.“Theyaredepositingsmellinthoseareas,”Siracusasaid.“It’salmostlikedrawingapicturewithabigredmarkeraroundit,”headded.

Cats,ontheotherhand,almostalwaysburytheirwaste.“Theyarecoveringtheirtracks,”saysMoniqueUdell,anexpertonhuman-animalinteractionswhoworksatOregonStateUniversity.Catsarepredators,meaningtheyhuntotheranimalsforfood.Butotheranimalshuntthem,too.Sotheydon’twanttobeseen-orsmelled.MikelDelgado,thefounderofaCalifornia-basedcatbehaviorconsultingservice,saidthatmanyothercatbehaviors,arisefromcats’wildorigins.

Whiledogssharemanybehaviorsinherited(繼承)fromwolves,they’vealsodevelopedafewoftheirown.“Puppydogeyes”,theinnocentlookthatmanyhumansarehelplesstoresist,isone.Overthetimeperiodthatthey’velivedwithpeople,dogshavedevelopedcertainmusclesaroundtheireyes.Thishelpsthemmaketheadorableexpressionsthatwinoverhumans.Likewolves,dogsalsoliketolickfaces.Humansthinktheirpetsarekissingthem,buttheyarenot.“It’showwolfpuppiesgetfoodfromtheirparents’mouths,”Siracusasaid.“Italsocanbeasignofsubmission.Whenalower-rankingindividualapproachesahigher-rankingone,itgetsdownreallowandlicksthedominantonetosay:‘I’mnotathreattoyou.’”

12.WhathasbeendonetointroducethetopicinParagraph1

ATellingastory.B.Makingacomparison.

C.Presentingresearchresults.D.Criticizingpets’badbehaviors.

13.Whichcanbestreplacetheword“depositing”inParagraph3

A.leavingB.hidingC.removingD.detecting

14.Whichstatementsummarizesthefourthparagraph

APetcatsburytheirwastebecausetheirwildancestorsdidso.

B.Humanslikethefactthattheirpetcatsburytheirwaste.

C.Catsareuninterestedinkeepingalowtone.

D.Catshavechangedalotafterbecomingpets.

15.Howdowolvesshowsubmissiontodominantwolves

A.Wolvesrunenergeticallyarounddominantwolves.

B.Wolvesshowdominantwolves“puppydogeyes”.

C.Wolvesbegfoodfromdominantwolves.

D.Wolveslickdominantwolves’faces.

【答案】12.B13.A14.A15.D

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了寵物們不同程度地繼承了其祖先們未被馴服時的一些在人類眼中有些奇怪的行為。

【12題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Ahappybeagle(小獵犬)calledBellalovesAmazonboxes.Ittearsintothemwhileignoringotherdeliveryboxes.LittleBit,atortoiseshellcat,issimilarlyconsumed—butbysocks.Itraids(偷襲)thelaundrybasketinthemiddleofthenightandalsopawsthroughtheopensuitcasesofhouseguests,whoalmostalwaysfindthemselvesmissingasockinthemorning.Petsdosomeprettyweirdthings.Butthesestrangebehaviorsoftenmakeperfectsensetothepets,saidscientistswhostudyanimalbehaviors.(一只名叫貝拉的快樂小獵犬喜歡亞馬遜的盒子。它一邊撕扯著盒子，一邊忽略了其他的投遞箱。一只名叫LittleBit的玳瑁貓也同樣被吃掉了——只不過是被襪子吃掉了。它會在半夜突襲洗衣籃，還會在客人打開的行李箱里亂摸，這些客人幾乎總是在早上發(fā)現(xiàn)自己少了一只襪子。寵物會做一些很奇怪的事情。但研究動物行為的科學(xué)家說，這些奇怪的行為對寵物來說通常是完全合理的)”可知，通過比較一只寵物狗和一只寵物貓的行為，引出了本文討論的話題：寵物們不同程度地繼承了其祖先們未被馴服時的一些在人類眼中有些奇怪的行為。故選B。

【13題詳解】

詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Butthey’renottryingtoburytheirpoop.Theywantotheranimalstonoticeit.”(但它們并不是想把便便埋起來。他們想讓其他動物注意到它)”可推斷出，“Theyaredepositingsmellinthoseareas”中的“depositingsmell”意為“留下氣味”。故選A。

【14題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“Whiledogssharemanybehaviorsinherited(繼承)fromwolves,they’vealsodevelopedafewoftheirown.“Puppydogeyes”,theinnocentlookthatmanyhumansarehelplesstoresist,isone.Overthetimeperiodthatthey’velivedwithpeople,dogshavedevelopedcertainmusclesaroundtheireyes.Thishelpsthemmaketheadorableexpressionsthatwinoverhumans.Likewolves,dogsalsoliketolickfaces.Humansthinktheirpetsarekissingthem,buttheyarenot.“It’showwolfpuppiesgetfoodfromtheirparents’mouths,”Siracusasaid.“Italsocanbeasignofsubmission.Whenalower-rankingindividualapproachesahigher-rankingone,itgetsdownreallowandlicksthedominantonetosay:‘I’mnotathreattoyou.’”(雖然狗有很多從狼那里遺傳來的行為，但它們也進化出了一些自己的行為?！靶」饭返难劬Α?，是許多人無法抗拒的天真的眼神。在與人類生活的一段時間里，狗在眼睛周圍發(fā)育出了某些肌肉。這有助于它們做出可愛的表情，贏得人類的青睞。和狼一樣，狗也喜歡舔人的臉。人類認為他們的寵物在親吻他們，但事實并非如此。錫拉庫薩說:“這就是小狼崽從父母嘴里獲取食物的方式。”“這也可能是屈服的標(biāo)志。當(dāng)一個地位較低的個體接近一個地位較高的個體時，它會降到很低的位置，舔舔占主導(dǎo)地位的個體，說:‘我對你沒有威脅。’”)”可知，第四段闡述了既是捕獵者也是獵物的貓保留了其祖先的習(xí)性：掩埋其排泄物以避免被其他捕獵者發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選A。

【15題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Whenalower-rankingindividualapproachesahigher-rankingone,itgetsdownreallowandlicksthedominantonetosay:‘I’mnotathreattoyou.’”(當(dāng)一個地位較低的個體接近一個地位較高的個體時，它會降到很低的位置，舔舔占主導(dǎo)地位的個體，說：‘我對你沒有威脅?！?”可知，狼向支配力更強的狼表現(xiàn)出順從的行為方式為：舔舐支配力更強的狼。故選D。

第二節(jié)：(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

Yourcolleagueisthefirstoneinandthelastonetoleave.Theyvolunteertotakeoneveryadditionaltaskthatcomesyourteam’swayandtheyrespondtoemailswithinminutes.They’reworkingallthetime,whetherfromtheofficeorfromhome.____16____

Dealingwithaworkaholiccolleaguecanbechallenging,buttherearestepsyoucantaketoeasethenegativeeffectsoftheirbehavioronyourselfandyourteam.

Depersonalizetheiractions.

Whileit’stemptingtoassumethatyourcolleagueisoverworkinginanattempttooutshineyou,thisisaclassicexampleofacognitivebias(偏差).Insocialpsychology,thisreferstothetendencyhumanshavetooweanotherperson’sactionstotheircharacterorpersonality,whilecreditingourownbehaviortoexternalorsituationalfactorsthatareoutsideourcontrol.____17____Debias(消除偏見)yourthinkingbyconsideringotherreasonsfortheirbehavior.

Resistpeerpressure.

____18____Youmaystartcomparingyourcapacityandoutputtotheirsandwonder,“AmIreallyworkinghardenough”Beforeyoubeginoverextendingyourselfinaneffortto“catchup”,mindyourmindsetandbeawareofextremistthinking.Takingtimeoffforself-careisn’tindulgent(縱容的),ratherit’sapreconditionforyourperformance.

____19____

Workaholicstendtohavefewboundaries.You’llneedtoplaydefensebymanagingtheirexpectationsaroundyourresponsetimesandavailability.Let’ssayyourcolleagueasksyoutoturnaroundaprojectbriefinlessthan24hours.Youcanpushbackandexplain,“That’snotpossible.Ifyouhavethissortoftaskinthefuture,I’llneedatleastathreeday’snoticetoworkitintomyschedule.”Youmightalsoadvocateforbettersystemsandprocessesthatremovetheneedforexcesseffort.

Finally,remembertoadjustyourperspectiveonproductivity.Whileitmaybetemptingtoevaluateyourdailysuccessbasedonthenumberofhoursyouwork,it’sthequalityofworkyoudeliverthatmattersmost.____20____

A.Setboundaries.

B.Makelifestyleadjustments.

C.Inshort,you’redealingwithaworkaholic,oraworkenthusiast.

D.Theworkaholic’sbehaviorcanaffectourwell-beingfortheworst.

E.Beinggoodatyourjobdoesn’tmeanworkingmorebutproducingresults.

F.Guiltcanmakeiteasyforyoutofallintothesamepatternsasyourcolleague.

G.Inotherwords,yourcolleagueisprobablynotoverworkingtofrightenorexceedyou.

【答案】16.C17.G18.F19.A20.E

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文，文章主要介紹了與工作狂同事共事會帶來負面影響，然后介紹了減少負面影響的具體措施。

【16題詳解】

本題為段末句，設(shè)空前“Yourcolleagueisthefirstoneinandthelastonetoleave.Theyvolunteertotakeoneveryadditionaltaskthatcomesyourteam’swayandtheyrespondtoemailswithinminutes.They’reworkingallthetime,whetherfromtheofficeorfromhome.(你的同事第一個來，最后一個走。他們自愿承擔(dān)落到你團隊頭上的每一項額外任務(wù)，他們會在幾分鐘內(nèi)就回復(fù)郵件。他們一直在工作，無論是在辦公室還是在家里)”提到同事的一些行為，所以該空就是對前面的一個總結(jié)，C項“簡而言之，你面對的是一個工作狂”符合語境，第二段“Dealingwithaworkaholiccolleaguecanbechallenging,buttherearestepsyoucantaketoeasethenegativeeffectsoftheirbehavioronyourselfandyourteam.(與工作狂同事打交道可能很有挑戰(zhàn)性，但你可以采取一些措施來減輕他們的行為對你和你的團隊的負面影響)”再引出下文提到的減少工作狂帶來的負面影響的具體措施。故選C。

【17題詳解】

根據(jù)“Depersonalizetheiractions.(客觀看待他們的行為)”可知，本段主題為“客觀看待他們的行為”，上文“Insocialpsychology,thisreferstothetendencyhumanshavetooweanotherperson’sactionstotheircharacterorpersonality,whilecreditingourownbehaviortoexternalorsituationalfactorsthatareoutsideourcontrol.(在社會心理學(xué)中，它指的是人們傾向于將他人的行為歸因于他們的性格或個性，而將自己的行為歸因于我們無法控制的外部或情境因素)”提到，認為同事認真工作是為了超越自己，這是一種認知偏差，結(jié)合后句“Debias(消除偏見)yourthinkingbyconsideringotherreasonsfortheirbehavior.(考慮一下他們拼命工作的其他原因，以此來消除你的偏見)”可知，G項“換句話說，你的同事可能不是為了嚇退你或超過你而拼命工作”符合語境，是對認知偏差的解釋。故選G。

【18題詳解】

根據(jù)“Resistpeerpressure.(抵制同輩壓力)”可知，本段的主題是“抵制同輩壓力”，空處為段首句，解釋你可能會有的心態(tài)，F(xiàn)項“內(nèi)疚會讓你容易采用和你同事相同的模式”符合語境，后文“Youmaystartcomparingyourcapacityandoutputtotheirsandwonder,‘AmIreallyworkinghardenough’(你可能會開始把自己的能力和產(chǎn)出與他們進行比較，然后想：‘我真的足夠努力嗎？’)”是對該空的進一步解釋。故選F。

【19題詳解】

本題考查小標(biāo)題。根據(jù)下文“Workaholicstendtohavefewboundaries.You’llneedtoplaydefensebymanagingtheirexpectationsaroundyourresponsetimesandavailability.(工作狂往往沒有什么邊界感。你需要調(diào)整他們對你響應(yīng)速度和空閑時間的預(yù)期來保護自己)”可知，本段主要講述要設(shè)定界限，A項“設(shè)定界限”符合語境。故選A。

【20題詳解】

這一段是總結(jié)全文，根據(jù)上文“Finally,remembertoadjustyourperspectiveonproductivity.Whileitmaybetemptingtoevaluateyourdailysuccessbasedonthenumberofhoursyouwork,it’sthequalityofworkyoudeliverthatmattersmost.(最后，記得調(diào)整你對效率的看法。雖然你很容易根據(jù)工作時間來衡量你每天的成果，但你交付的工作的質(zhì)量才是最重要的)”可知，該段強調(diào)重要的是工作成果，而不是工作時長，E項“做好你的工作并不意味著工作更久，而是意味著有產(chǎn)出”符合上下文語境。故選E。

第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)

第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)

閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，

Nearthetop,PeterandMichaelhadclimbedontoarockofthepine-coveredmountainsidetoadmiretheviewfarbelowthem.Whileclimbing,Peterhad____21____awkwardlytotheground,hislegbentatapainfulanglebeneathhim.Unableto____22____,hewasforcedtowaitwherehewas,wrappedinMichael’sjacket,whileMichael____23____downthemountainsidetofetchhelp.

Michaellookeddownonthemountainsidefromthewindowofthehelicopter(直升機).Hefeltincreasingly____24____,asitlookedtotallydifferentfromthe____25____andthenetworkoftinypathswasmostly____26____fromviewbythethickcoveringofpinetrees.Worsestill,thelightwasfadingfastandathick____27____ofmistwasstartingtoform.Eventuallythe____28____andthethreemountainrescueworkersinthehelicopteragreedthattheywouldhavetogobackandcontinuethesearchforMichael’sfriend,Peter,onfoot.

Theyhadleftthehelicopterinthevillageand____29____amountainrescueteamoffifteenmen.Michaelfeltscaredforhisfriend’s_____30_____.SlowlytheystartedsearchingthenumerouspathsforPeter.Theonly_____31_____werethefootstepsandthenoiseonthewalkie-talkiesthattherescueworkerscarriedtotalktoeachother.Themountainsidewasa_____32_____placeafternightfallandgraduallyMichaelstartedto_____33_____thattheywouldneverfindPeteratall.

SuddenlyMichaelheardavoicecomeoveroneofthewalkie-talkies,“We’vegothim.We’retakinghimdown.”“I’msorry,”saidMichaeltohisfriendthenextdayinthewarmsafetyofthe_____34_____,“Ididn’trealizeitwouldtakesolongto_____35____