高考英語語法填空題考點分析與解題技巧

PAGEPAGE4高考英語語法填空題考點分析與解題技巧語法填空題的設(shè)置是全國卷高考英語試題的一項創(chuàng)新，它將語法知識的考查置于一篇英語短文中，通過設(shè)置純空格題填空和給詞填空兩種形式來表現(xiàn)，突出考查了學生通過語境運用語法知識的能力，更能客觀、準確地考量學生的語法知識水平。此題雖然只有15分，占英語全卷分數(shù)的十分之一，但也是英語考卷的重要組成部分，不容忽視。要想此題有好的發(fā)揮，學好語法，注重運用必不可少，這是基礎(chǔ)；了解考點，掌握解題技巧才是確保得分的關(guān)鍵。一、語法填空題命題原則及考點分析。（一）命題原則：1.短文題材：題材多樣，或體現(xiàn)文化內(nèi)涵、文化交往，或給人以啟迪等。2.短文長度：約200詞，一般不超過12句話，設(shè)10個空，句首不設(shè)空。3.短文難度：沒有超出課標的生詞，但有課標單詞的派生詞，此題考查考生在特定語境中語法的分析和運用能力。4.考點設(shè)置：只能填一個詞的純空格題：設(shè)6-7個小題；用所給的詞填空題：設(shè)3-4小題。純空格題通?？脊谠~、介詞、代詞和連詞等詞；給詞填空通?？贾^語動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)、非謂語動詞、形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級、此類轉(zhuǎn)換等，答案可能是一個單詞、兩個單詞或兩個以上單詞。5.常常會出現(xiàn)所填詞位于句首，目的是考查該單詞的第一個字母要大寫。（二）考點分析：語法填空題主要考查的是語法和上下文的連貫性，而語法是重點。它主要考查的內(nèi)容為高中英語大綱要求的基本語法知識、詞匯、習語和較為簡單的英語表達方式的掌握情況。具體考點和命題特點如下：1．每一個空格的設(shè)置都必定涉及到某一條或某幾條語法規(guī)則，不會單純考查單詞的拼寫和詞組的用法。三個層面去思考。1.通讀全文，了解大意，弄清文脈。考生不要讀一句就填一個答案，首先要把括號有提示的空格視為已知條件，通讀全文，了解文段內(nèi)容及要點。2.結(jié)合語境，試填空格，先易后難?；玖私馕恼麓笠夂?，就可以動手填空了。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)與空格、邊讀邊填，遇到一時想出來的答案，不要用太多時間停留在此題上，先跳過去，做后面的題，待填完其他空格后，再回過頭來細細推敲此空的語義，填入最佳單詞。具體體現(xiàn)為八條思路：思路1：根據(jù)語法知識填空。根據(jù)已學語法，分析空格及句意，填入正確答案?！纠?】Hemustbe_____(mental)disabled.【解析】disabled是形容詞，修飾它的詞應(yīng)是副詞，作狀語，故填mentally.【例2】lotsofrescueworkerswereworkingaroundtheclock,_____(send)suppliestoYushu,Qinghaiprovinceaftertheearthquake.【解析】根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知wereworking為謂語，空格表示伴隨，因此答案為sending.思路2：根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系填空。通讀全文，把握作者的思路，聯(lián)系上下文語義，分析歸納，填入符合詞義、句意和上下文情景的正確答案?！纠?】OnSundaymorninginAugustIwenttolocalmusicfestival.IleftitearlybecauseIhadanappointment_____(late)intheday.【解析】根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容可知，作者“先去音樂節(jié)，隨后早些離開因為要去赴約”，late要用其比較級later，表示赴約在后。思路3：根據(jù)語篇的標志填空。語篇是指比單個句子長的語言單位（句群、段落、篇章等）。語篇間往往有標明內(nèi)在關(guān)系的詞，我們稱這些詞為“語篇標志詞”。如表示結(jié)構(gòu)層次的有first，second，third，finally等；表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系或變換話題的有however，but,bytheway等；“語篇標志詞”對迅速理清文章脈絡(luò)，弄清上下文關(guān)系很有幫助?！纠?】Becausewhenmoneyisspent,wecanearnitback.However,whentimeis_____,ititwillneverreturn.Thereforeweshouldmake_____useofourtimetostudyhardsoastoserveourcountryinthefuture.【解析】由表示轉(zhuǎn)折的However可知，第一個空格是表示時間的“失去”，應(yīng)填gone/lost;由表示結(jié)果的Therefore可知，應(yīng)充分利用時間，第二個空格應(yīng)用full或good來修飾名詞use.思路4：根據(jù)固定詞組填空。熟練掌握一些常見的詞組，如：asamatteroffact,makeupone’smind,takepartindependon/upon,bytheway,keepintouchwith,earnone’sliving,等，對解題有很大幫助?！纠?】Itiseasyforhimtomakeup_____mindandalsoeasytochangeit.【解析】表示“下決心”是固定詞組makeupone’smind,因此答案是his.思路5：根據(jù)句型搭配，如so/such…that…;Itis…(forsb)todosth;Thereisnodoubtthat…;Thereisnosenseindoingsth等來解題?！纠?】_____isknowntoallthatthetimewecanuseislimited.【解析】是Itis…that主語從句的句型，作形式主語要用it,故填it.【例7】Hefeelsithisduty_____(help)others.【解析】句中it是形式賓語。要用tohelp(others)作真正賓語，故填tohelp.思路6：根據(jù)詞匯知識填空。指根據(jù)某些詞語在用法上的特殊搭配來解題。如下列各類動詞必須牢記：只能接動詞-ing形式作賓語的動詞；只能接todo作賓語的動詞;接todo作賓語補足語的動詞；接todo作賓語補足語的動詞；接done作賓語補足語的動詞；對句式搭配要求較為特別的詞語等?！纠?】Thetempleinbadconditionneeds_____(repair).【解析】need實義動詞是“需要”的意思，其后如果表示主動，用todo,如果表示被動，就用v-ing或tobedone,故答案為repairing或toberepaired.思路7：根據(jù)生活常識填空?！纠?】Donotputoffwhatcanbedonetoday_____tomorrow.【解析】結(jié)合生活常識，不難理解句意為“不把今天能做的事情推遲到明天去做”，答案自然是表示“直到”的till/untill.思路8：根據(jù)文化背景填空。【例10】AfterthefloodMrDengwasaspoorasachurch_____.【解析】這句話的意思是“水災(zāi)后鄧先生一貧如洗了”。aspoorasachurchmouse是諺語“一貧如洗”的意思。因此此處填mouse.3.驗證復查，清除難點。將所有答案填入空格，并把整篇文章從頭至尾讀一遍，對所填寫的內(nèi)容進行檢查修正，以最后確定答案。（二）解題技巧。所謂解題技巧指的是：遵循一般規(guī)律，分析具體情況，結(jié)合語境做出正確判斷。1.純空格題的解題技巧。首先，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，確定填哪類詞；然后，根據(jù)句子意思確定填什么詞或根據(jù)兩句間的邏輯關(guān)系，確定用什么樣的關(guān)聯(lián)詞。具體有以下七種技巧：技巧1：缺主語或賓語，一定是填代詞或名詞（代詞考的更多）?！纠?】icansendamessagetoKenyawheneverIwantto,and_____getsthereinalmostasecond.【解析】and連接前后兩個句子，and后面的句子缺主語，應(yīng)填名詞或代詞；結(jié)合前一個分句，不難推知，空格處應(yīng)填it,代替前句的message.技巧2：名詞前若沒有限定詞（冠詞，形容詞性物主代詞，不定代詞等），很可能要填限定詞?！纠?】…theheadofthevillagewastyinghishorsetomycartopullitto_____smalltownsome20kilometresawaywheretherewasagarage.【解析】因單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞town前還沒有限定詞，應(yīng)填限定詞，根據(jù)句意，天不定冠詞a,表示“一個”。技巧3：句子不缺主語、表語，動動詞后不缺賓語的情況下，名詞或代詞前面一定是填介詞。【例3】…whoshouldhavethehonourofreceivingme_____aguestintheirhouse.【解析】完全符合技巧3的情況，填介詞無疑，根據(jù)句意可知，此介詞的意思是“作為”，用介詞as.技巧4：若兩個或幾個單詞或短語之間沒有連詞，可能填連詞?！纠?】…thesepaintingsbytwoworld-famousartists,PabloPicasso_____CandidoPortinarni,whichareworthmillionsofdollars.【解析】空格之后兩個名詞之間沒有連詞，再根據(jù)句意，這里需要并列連詞and.技巧5：若兩句之間沒有連詞，也沒有分號或句號，一定是填并列連詞或從屬連詞。【例5】Iwantedtoseeasmuchofthecityaspossibleinthetwodays_____IwastoreturntoGuangzhou.【解析】空格前后是兩個句子，它們之間要填連詞，根據(jù)兩句之間的邏輯關(guān)系，可知“參觀”在“回廣州”之前，故填before.技巧6:若結(jié)構(gòu)較完整，空格后的謂語動詞是原形，特別是與上下文的時態(tài)不一致時，很可能是填情態(tài)動詞或表示強調(diào)或倒裝的助動詞（do,does,did等）。【例6】Whatisacceptableinonecountry_____beconsideredextremelyrudeinanother.【解析】符合技巧6的情況，再根據(jù)句意及語氣，填may(表示“可能”)。技巧7：由特殊的句式結(jié)構(gòu)來判斷空格應(yīng)填的詞。這些特殊句式有：強調(diào)句式、倒裝句、it用作形式主語或形式賓語、so/such…that…句型和more…than…等?！纠?】…and_____wasonlyafterIheardshebecamesickthatIlearnedshecouldn’teatMSG(味精)！【例8】_____withhardworkcanyouexpecttogetapayrise.【例9】Datingsitesalsomake_____easytoavoidsomeonewhenyouarenotinterestedin.【例10】Thismadethegoatsojealous_____itbeganplottingthedonkey.【解析】例7是強調(diào)句式，應(yīng)填it;例8是倒裝句，根據(jù)句意應(yīng)填only;例9考查toavoid(真正賓語)的形式賓語it;例10是so…that…句型，應(yīng)填that.2.給出動詞填空的解題技巧。首先，判斷要填的動詞是謂語動詞還是非謂語動詞。然后按照以下兩點進行思考：技巧8：若句中沒有別的謂語動詞，或者雖然已有謂語動詞，但需填的動詞與之是并列關(guān)系時，所給動詞就是謂語動詞；若是謂語動詞，就要考慮時態(tài)和語態(tài)?！纠?1】He_____(pretend)thatatigertoywasrealandgivingitavoice.【解析】此句沒有謂語動詞，pretend應(yīng)是謂語動詞，它與主語He是主動關(guān)系；再根據(jù)從句中謂語動詞was可知，要用一般過去時，故填pretended.【例12】InLogan,threepeople_____(take)toahospital,whileothersweretreatedatalocalclinic.【解析】因主語threepeople與take是被動關(guān)系，故用被動語態(tài)；由weretreated可知，要用一般過去時，故填weretaken.技巧9：若句中已有謂語動詞，又不是并列謂語時，所給動詞就是非謂語動詞。若是非謂語動詞就要確定用-ing形式、-ed形式，還是用不定式形式。【例13】_____(speak)outyourinnerfeelingwon’tmakeyoufeelashamed,onthecontrary…【解析】此句已有謂語won’tmake,所以speak要用非謂語動詞；謂語之前應(yīng)為主語，故填Speaking.【例14】_____(complete)theprojectasplanned,we’llhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.【解析】因句中已有謂語willhavetowork,所以complete是非謂語動詞；根據(jù)句意，非謂語動詞在這里作目的狀語，用動詞不定式tocomplete.【例15】Igotonthebusandfoundaseatneartheback,andthenInoticedaman_____(sit)atthefront.【解析】此句的謂語動詞是三個并列的動詞goton,found和noticed,表示接連發(fā)生的動作，所以sit要用非謂語動詞；通過分析可知sit應(yīng)是賓語補足語，它與賓語aman是主動關(guān)系，用sitting.【例16】Theheadmasterwentintothelab,_____(follow)bytheforeignguests【解析】此句的謂語動詞went,所給動詞與謂語不是并列關(guān)系，應(yīng)用非謂語動詞形式；theheadmaster與follow是被動關(guān)系，故填followed,作伴隨狀語。在語法專項訓練中，把握好語法填空題的命題動向，熟悉考查內(nèi)容,理清做題的思路，掌握做題的技巧，就可以做到：有的放矢、有章可循、事半功倍，從而提高做題的效率和準確性。希望此文能對廣大考生有所啟發(fā)。語法填空高考試題匯編2007年廣東

IwasonmywaytotheTaiyetosMountains.Thesunwassettingwhenmycar___31___（break）downneararemoteandpoorvillage.Cursingmymisfortune，IwaswonderingwhereIwasgoingtospendthenightwhenIrealizedthatthevillagerswhohadgatheredaroundmewerearguingasto___32___shouldhavethehonorofreceivingme___33___aguestintheirhouse.Finally，Iacceptedtheofferofanoldwomanwholivedaloneinalittlehouse.Whileshewasgettingme___34___（settle）intoatinybutcleanroom，theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomycartopullitto___35___smalltownsome20kilometresaway___36___therewasagarage.

Ihadnoticedthreehensrunningfreeinmyhostess‘scourtyardandthatnightoneofthemendedupinadishonmytable.___37___villagersbroughtmegoat’scheeseandhone.Wedranktogetherandtalked___38___（merry）tillfarintothenight.

Whenthetimecameformetosaygoodbyetomyfriendsinthevillage，Iwantedtorewardtheoldwoman___39___thetroubleIhadcaused___40___.2008年廣東

ChineseproverbsarerichandtheyarestillwidelyusedinChinesepeople‘sdailylife.___31___theseproverbsthereareofteninterestingstories.Forexample，theproverb，“pluckingupacrop___32___（help）itgrow”，isbasedonthefollowingstory.Itissaidthatashort-temperedmanintheSongDynasty（960—1279）wasveryanxioustohelp___33___ricecropgrowupquickly.Hewasthinkingabout___34___dayandnight.Butthecropwasgrowingmuchslowerthanheexpected.Oneday，hecameupwithanidea___35___hewouldpluckupallofhiscropafewinches.Hedidsothenextday.Hewasverytired___36___doingthisforawholeday，___37___hefeltveryhappysincethecropdid“grow”___38___（high）。

Hissonheardaboutthisandwenttoseethecrop.Unfortunatelytheleavesofthecropbegantowither.Thisproverbissayingwehavetoletthingsgointheir___39___（nature）course.Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelopoften___40___（result）inthecontrarytoourintention.2009年廣東Janewaswalkingroundthedepartmentstore.Sherememberedhowdifficult___31___wastochooseasuitableChristmaspresentforherfather.Shewishedthathewasaseasy___32___(please)ashermother,whowasalwaysdelightedwithperfume.Besides,shoppingatthistimeoftheyearwasnot___33___pleasantexperience：peoplesteppedonyourfeetor___34___(push)youwiththeirelbows(肘部),hurryingaheadtogettoabargain.Janepausedinfrontofacounter___35___someattractivetieswereondisplay.“Theyarerealsilk,”theassistanttriedtoattracther.“Worthdoubletheprice.”ButJaneknewfrompastexperiencethather___36___(choose)oftieshardlyeverpleasedherfather.Janestoppedwhereasmallcrowdofmenhadgathered.Shefoundsomegoodqualitypipes___37___sale.Shedidnothesitateforlong:althoughherfathersmokedapipeonlyonceinawhile,sheknewthatthiswasapresentwhichwasboundtoplease___38___.WhenJanegothome,withhersmallbutwell-chosenpresentinherbag,herparentswerealready___39___tablehavingsupper.Hermotherwasexcited.“Yourfatherhasatlastdecidedtostopsmoking,”Jane___40___(inform).（2011廣東）OneSundaymorninginAugustIwenttolocalmusicfestival.Ileft（）itearlybecauseIhadanappointment16(late)thatday.Myfriendswalkedmetothebusstopandwaitedwithme17thebusarrived.Igotonthebusandfoundaseatneartheback,andthenInoticedaman18(sit)atthefront.He19(pretend)thatatigertoywasrealandgivingitavoice.Hemustbe20(mental)disabled.Behindhimwereotherpeopleto21hewastryingtotalk,butaftersomeminutes22walkedawayandsatnearme,lookingannoyedIdidn’twanttobelaughedatfortalkingtohimbutIdidn’tlikeleavinghim23hisowneither.AfterawhileIrosefrommyseatandwalkedtothefrontofthebus.Isatnexttothemanandintroducedmyself.Wehad24amazingconversation.HegotoffthebusbeforemeandIfeltveryhappytherestofthewayhome.I’mgladImadeachoice.Itmade25ofusfeelgood.（2012廣東）Marywilleverforgetthefirsttimeshesawhim.Hesuddenlyappearedinclassoneday,16(wear)sunglasses.Hewalkedinasifhe17(buy)theschool,AndthewordquicklygotaroundthathewasfromNewYorkCity.ForsomereasonhesatbesideMary.Maryfelt18(please),becausethereweremanyemptyseatsintheroom.Butshequicklyrealizedthatitwasn’ther,itwasprobablythefactthatshesatin19lastrow.20hethoughthecouldescapeattentionbysittingattheback,hewaswrong.Itmighthavemadeitalittle21(hard)foreverybodybecauseitmeanttheyhadtoturnaround,butthatdidn’tstopthekidsintheclass.Ofcoursewhenevertheyturntolookathim,theyhadtolookatMary,22madeherfeellikeastar.“Doyouneedthoseglassesformedicalreasons?”theteacherasked.Thenewboyshookhishead.”ThenI’dappreciateitifyoudidn’tweartheminclass.IliketolookatyoureyeswhenI’mspeakingtoyou.”Thenewboylookedattheteacher23afewsecondsandalltheotherstudentswondered24theboywoulddo.Thenhetook25off,gaveabigsmileandsaid“Thatiscool.”（2014廣東）Lastyear,mybrotherandIwenttoMiamiforavacation.Someofmyfriendswhohadbeentherebeforesaid_16_____wasawonderfulholidaydestination.Beforewewent,wehadplannedformonths.Whenthedaycame,wewereready.Afterourplanelanded,wewenttothehotel.Wehadmadeourreservationsixmonths__17____（early）,butthemanatthefrontdesksaidtherehadbeenamistake.We18_____（tell）thatourroomshadn’tbeenreservedforthatweek,19_____fortheweekafter.Ididn’tunderstand20____thiswouldhappenandmycreditcardhadalreadybeencharged______thereservation.What’sworse,thehotelhadbeenfullybooked.Whenwewerewonderingwhattodo,themanagercameout.Shewas22_____（surprise）helpful.SheapologizedforthemistakeandgaveusaspareVIProomon23_____topfloor.Wehadneverstayedinsuchanamazingroom,andweweren’tchargedextra.Thenextday,mybrotherandIwenttothebeach24____wewatchedsomepeopleplayvolleyball.Wegotalittle_____（sunburn），butthedayhadbeensorelaxingthatwedidn’tmind.（2014全國卷）Areyoufacingasituationthatlooksimpossibletofix?In1969,thepollutionwasterriblealongtheCuyahogaRiverCleveland,Ohio.It__61__（be）unimaginablethatitcouldeverbecleanedup.Theriverwassopollutedthatit__62__（actual）caughtfireandburned.Now,earslater,thisriverisoneof__63__mostoutstandingexamplesofenvironmentalcleanup.Buttheriverwasn’tchangedinafewdays__64__evenafewmonths.Ittookyearsofwork__65__（reduce）theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.Finally,thathardworkpaidoffandnowthewaterintheriveris__66__（clean）thanever.Maybeyouarefacinganimpossiblesituation.Maybeyouleaveahabit__67__isdrivingyourfamilycrazy.Possiblyyoudrinktoomuchordon’tknowhowtocontrolyourcreditcarduse.Whenyoufacesuchanimpossiblesituation,don’tyouwantaquickfixandsomethingtochangeimmediately?Whilethereare__68__（amaze）storiesofinstanttransformation,formostofusthe__69__（change）aregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork,likecleaningupapollutedriver.Justbe_70（patience）.（2015廣東）Mr.Johnsonlivedinthewoodswithhiswifeandchildren.Heowned___16___farm,whichlookedalmostabandoned.___17___(lucky),healsohadacowwhichproducedmilkeveryday.Hesoldorexchangedsomeofthemilkinthetownsnearly___18___otherfoodandmadecheeseandbutterforthefamilywithwhat___19___(leave).Thecowwastheironlymeansofsupport,infact.Oneday,thecowwaseatinggrass___20___itbegantorainheavily.Whilemakinggreateffortstorunaw