第三章-五種基本句型剖析課件

簡單句的五種基本句型

英語句子的基本結構可以歸納成五種基本句型。掌握這五種基本句型，是掌握各種英語句子結構的基礎。英語五種基本句型列式如下：一：Ｓ+Ｖ（主＋謂）二：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｐ（主＋系＋表）三：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ（主＋謂＋賓）四：Ｓ+Ｖ+InO

+DO（主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓）五：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ+Ｃ（主＋謂＋賓＋賓補）基本句型一Ｓ+Ｖ（主＋謂）

此句型的句子謂語動詞都能表達完整的意思。這類動詞叫做不及物動詞，后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句等。ＳＶ

（不及物動詞）1.Time2.Themoon3.Theman4.Weall5.Everybody6.I7.They8.He9.He10.Theyflies.rose.cooked.eat,anddrink.laughed?woke.talkedforhalfanhour.walkedyesterdayisplayinghavegone

Thetrainleavesat10.Helivedinasmallhouse.Thenewsreporterhastravelledthoundsofmiles.

SV→SVA

基本句型二Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｐ（主＋系＋表）

此句型的句子謂語動詞都不能表達一個完整的意思，必須加上一個表明主語身份或狀態(tài)的表語構成復合謂語，才能表達完整的意思。這類動詞叫做連系動詞。系動詞分狀態(tài)系動詞持續(xù)系動詞表像系動詞感官系動詞變化系動詞終止系動詞ＳＶ（是系動詞）Ｐ(表語)1.This2.Thedinner3.He4.Everything5.He6.Thebook7.Theweather8.Hisface

issmells(聞)felllooksisisbecameturnedanEnglishdictionary.good.happy.different.tallandstrong.interesting.warmer.red.

基本句型三Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ（主＋謂＋賓）此句型句子的謂語動詞都具有實義，都是主語產(chǎn)生的動作，但不能表達完整的意思，必須跟有一個賓語，即動作的承受者，才能使意思完整。這類動詞叫做及物動詞。ＳＶ（實義動詞）Ｏ(賓語)

1.Who

2.She3.He8.He5.They6.Danny7.I4.Heknowslaughatunderstandsmadeatelikeswantsaidtheanswer?her.English.cakes.someapples.donuts.tohaveacupoftea."Goodmorning."Iputitonthedesk.Theguidegaveabooktome.Wetreatedhimwithgreatrespect.

SVO→SVOA

基本句型四Ｓ+Ｖ+IO+DＯ（主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓）

此句型的句子謂語動詞必須跟有兩個賓語才能表達完整的意思。這兩個賓語一個是動作的直接承受者，另一個是動作的間接承受者。通常這一間接承受者用一個介詞來連接，當動作的間接承受者在動作的直接承受者之前時，這一介詞往往被省略。ＳＶIO（多指人）DＯ（多指物）1.She2.She3.He8.He5.I6.I7.I4.He

passedcookedbroughtboughtshowedgavetoldshowed

himherMary

youherhimhimmeanewdress.adeliciousmeal.adictionary.nothing.mypictures.ahand.howtorunthemachine.thatthebuswaslate.

Giveittome.Iwillorderittoyou.Iboughtthisformyson.Iwouldexplainittowhoeverwouldlisten.SVOO→SVOA

基本句型五Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ+Ｃ(主＋謂＋賓＋賓補)句型中的動詞雖是及物動詞，但只跟一個賓語還不能表達完整的意思，必須加上一個補充成分來補足賓語，意思才完整。ＳＶ（及物）Ｏ（賓語）Ｃ（賓補）1.We2.They3.They4.They5.What6.We7.He8.Ikeeppaintedcallfoundmakessawaskedsaw

thetablethedoorsupperthehousehimhimmethem

clean.green.dinner.dirty.sad?out.tocomebacksoon.gettingonthebus.

Weregardthisasofgreatimportance.Theydeclaredtheelectionasillegal.Itookhimforhisbrother.ThePresidentnominatedhimforSecretaryofState.

SVOC→SVOA

1.Theyworkhard.

主+謂2.Theflowerisdead.

主+系+表3.Plantsneedwater.

主+謂+賓4.Hegivesmesomeseeds.

主+謂+直賓+簡賓5.Weshouldkeeptheplantsintheshade.

主+謂+賓+賓補6.Manyanimalsliveintrees.

主+謂+狀基本句型五（v+o+o.c）的擴展

Wefoundthehallfull.

我們發(fā)現(xiàn)禮堂坐滿了。

Wefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteachers.

我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學生和教師。

Wefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteachers

listeningtoanimportantreport.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學生和教師，在聽一個重要報告。

WefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteacherslisteningtoanimportantreportmadebyacomradefromthePeople'sDailyoncurrentaffairsinEastEurope.

我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學生和教師，在聽人民日報的一位同志作有關東歐局勢的重要報告。

不同的動詞使用的句型也不盡一樣，應掌握動詞的類型。以get為例：

He'sgettingangry.Hegotthroughthewindow.You'llgetasurprise.Hegothisshoesandsockswet.Hegothimselfintotrouble.Hegotherasplendidpresent.

詞類和詞的位置也影響句子的句型和意思:Ifoundthebookeasily.

我很容易地找到了這本書。

Ifoundthebookeasy.

我覺得這本書很容易。

Ihavetodosomething.我得做點事。

Ihavesomethingtodo.我有點事做。

(SVP)(SVO)(SVO)(SVOC)(SVOC)(SV0O)(SVO)（SVOC）

ALebanesewhohadleftthecountryforSyriaduringtheconflictbetweenIsraelandHizbollah,returnswithherfamilyfollowingtheceasefire,attheLebanon-SyriaborderinMagdel

AnjarAugust14,2006.

S+V

A53-pointwinoverSouthKoreawrappedupaperfectAsianexhibitiontourforastar-studdedU.S.teamonitswaytotheworldchampionships.

S+V+O

Ministry:ThaibirdfludidnotoriginateinChina

AccordingtothecurrentinformationheldbytheChineseauthorities,averdictarrivedatbytheUnitedNationsFoodandAgricultureOrganization(FAO)andthebirdfluresearchandtestcentreofThailandwasarbitraryandbasedonthefactthatthevirusfoundinThailandandLaoswassimilartorecentfindsinsouthernChina,theministry'sstatementsaid.

s+v+p

ApolicemanremovesacheckpointnoticefromtheroadtothevillagewherebirdflupatientwerefoundinZhongweiCounty,northwestNingxiaAutonomousRegion,August12,2006.[Xinhua]MembersofHongKongsinginggroup,GillianChung(L)andCharleneChoiholdabannerwhichreads“Dignity”duringanewsconferenceentitled“Privacyanddignity:HongKongpeople‘sbusiness”inHongKongAugust28,2006.Semi-nude(半裸)photosofChungtakenwithahiddencamerahavesparkedanuproar(騷動)amongfansandwomen'srightgroups.S+V+O

FirstputforwardbytheFrenchmathematicianPierredeFormatintheseventeenthcentury,thetheoremhadbaffledandbeatenthefinestmathematicalminds,includingaFrenchwomanscientistwhomadeamajoradvanceinworkingouttheproblem,andwhohadtodresslikeamaninordertobeabletostudyattheEcolabpolytechnique.

這個定理，先是由十七世紀法國數(shù)學家皮爾法特提出，曾使一批杰出的數(shù)學大師為難，包括一位法國女科學家，她在解決這個難題方面取得了重大的進展，她曾女扮男裝為了能夠在伊科爾理工學院學習。

簡析：夾雜過去分詞短語，現(xiàn)在分詞短語，動名詞及兩個定語從句。Eventhoughtheremaybeatendencyinsomerarefamiliestoliveextraordinarilylong,thegeneticinfluencethatemergedfromthestudiesoftwinswassignificantlylessthanmuchofthepublicandmanyscientiststhinkitis.

S+V+P

JosephineTesauro,left,activeandhealthyat92,ispartofastudytryingtodeterminewhysomepeopleagebetterthanothers,evenwhentheyarecloselyrelated.

WashingtonsaysworldpowersarepoisedtobegindiscussingpunitivemeasuresnextweekagainstIranif,asexpected,theInternationalAtomicEnergyAgency(IAEA)reportsTeheranhasignoredtheUNdemandtostopenrichinguraniumbyAugust31.英語句式考查1.Whom

would

you

rather____

the

car?—My

father.A.have

fix

B.have

to

fix

C.had

fix

D.have

to

be

fixed2.Was

it

8

o’clock___you

heard

someone____at

the

door?

A.when;knocking

B.when;knock

C.that;knocking

D.that;knock3.Was

it

in

the

room___

Mr.

John

lived____the

exhibition

was

held?

A.that;that

B.where;where

C.that;where

D.where;that4.—Is

________

you

want

to

say?—Yes,________

that’s

all

I

know.

A.all

what;yet

B.which

all;unless

C.that

all;×

D.all

that;so5.Was

it

not

until

1920___

regular

radio

broadcasts

began?

A.while

B.which

C.that

D.since6.___the

house

Mr

Zhang

has

been

broken

into?

A.When

was

it

that

B.When

has

C.Has

D.Had7.Did____

she

was

chosen

make

her

very

happy?

A.what

B.that

C.which

D.it8.Was

it

at

the

air

battle

on

June

8,1994,_____

was

led

by

captain

Johnson,________

Peter

lost

his

life?

A.when;that

B.that;who

C.which;that

D.which;when9.---Wouldyoutellme___youwantyourtea,withsugarormilk?---Sugar,please.

A.whether