2016中考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)常考易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)解析專題9動(dòng)詞分類和時(shí)態(tài)

spend多用人作主語(yǔ),后接金錢(qián)或時(shí)間。spend...onsth/(in)ngsth。如:Ispent15yuanonthisnewbook.takeIttakessbsometimetodosth”ItoftentakesmehalfanhourtogotoschoolbybikeeveryIpaid15yuanforthisnewcost常用物作主語(yǔ),表“價(jià)值或花費(fèi)。如Thisnewbookcostsme15look看,表動(dòng)作,lookat。see看見(jiàn),表結(jié)果;也可說(shuō)看“seeafilmwatch比賽、演出、電視等。幾個(gè)與“看”有關(guān)的詞或詞組:lookfor,findfindout,lookafter,takecareof,lookover,lookforwardtolookforfindout找出,查明。lookafter,takecareoflookoverlookforwardto幾個(gè)“說(shuō)”:say,speak,talk,PleasesayitinEnglish.這個(gè)請(qǐng)用英語(yǔ)說(shuō)。It'shardtosay.很難說(shuō)。Easiersaidthandone.說(shuō)起來(lái)容易,做起來(lái)難。Theteachersaid,“Pleaselookatme.”O(jiān)urteachersaidthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.老師說(shuō)地球圍繞運(yùn)行。saysaytooneself自言自語(yǔ);say“Hi/o”tosb.向問(wèn)好;havenothingtosayto對(duì)……無(wú)話可說(shuō);sayagoodwordforsb.為說(shuō)好話;Theysay.../It'ssaid...(據(jù)說(shuō)……);ThatistosayDoyouspeakEnglish?Hecanspeakseveralforeignlanguages.Speakup.Ican'thearyou.大聲點(diǎn),我聽(tīng)不見(jiàn)。Theyoftenspeakofyou.他們經(jīng)常談到你。Thebabyislearninghowtospeak/ o,mayIspeaktoTom?喂,請(qǐng)接 Whoisspeaking?你是誰(shuí)?ThisisLiHongspeaking.我是大聲說(shuō);speakatthemeeting;speakhighlyof;speakforsb.說(shuō)話;speakinpublic當(dāng)眾發(fā)言。to/withThebabycan'ttalk那個(gè)嬰兒還不會(huì)TheyoftentalkinI'dliketotalktoher.MayIhaveatalkwithtalkto/withsb.和談話;talkabout談?wù)?haveatalkwithsb.和談話/談一談;talkof談到/講到;talkout說(shuō)完;talkinEnglish用英語(yǔ)交談;l用作及物動(dòng)詞,意思是“講、說(shuō)”,指說(shuō)實(shí)話,說(shuō)出事實(shí)的,講故事等。如:MymotheroftenlsmePleaselmethetruth.請(qǐng)告訴我事實(shí)的。TheboyneverlsNobodycanlhowthePyramidswere/告訴做某事。如lhimtocometomy叫/到我的來(lái)lthemnottolookoutoftheaboutsth.告訴關(guān)于某事的情況;lsb.todosth.叫做某事;lalie說(shuō)謊;lthetruth說(shuō)實(shí)話。say接說(shuō)話的內(nèi)容,作及物動(dòng)詞。saysthtosb對(duì)說(shuō)某事。如:Didyousaygoodbyetoyourgranny?speak常指能說(shuō)某種語(yǔ)言,打 時(shí)常用它表示說(shuō)話,也有“”的意思,不強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)話WecanspeakandMayIspeaktoHenry?我可以和亨利嗎?Hewillspeakatthemeetingtonight.talk多是不及物動(dòng)詞,指交談、談?wù)?作名詞時(shí)有、報(bào)告之意l的意思是“告訴……;講述……;吩咐做……”,多為及物動(dòng)詞,后面多接幾個(gè)“穿,戴”:putputondress指“給穿衣服”,其賓語(yǔ)多是指人dressup幾個(gè)“到達(dá)”:reach,arrivein/at,getarriveinat(在inat)。gettobring指將某物或從離說(shuō)話人較遠(yuǎn)處“拿來(lái)”或“帶來(lái)take指將某物或從離說(shuō)話人較近處“帶到”或“拿到”離說(shuō)話人較遠(yuǎn)處幾個(gè)與“聽(tīng)”有關(guān)的詞或詞組:listento,hear,hearof,hearfromlistento聽(tīng)……,表示聽(tīng)的動(dòng)作。hearhearofhearfrom收到的信息或來(lái)信beat、、riseborrow,lendreceiveHereceivedaninvitationfromherandacceptedithappily.他收到了邀請(qǐng),并且很愉快地接受了answer hopeforthatlie二、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別系;現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系的發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作,它不與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(如yesterday,lastweek,amomentago—ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnited——這些農(nóng)民去過(guò)了—Really?Whendidtheygo—Haveyoufinishedyour?——你完成作業(yè)了嗎—Yes,Ididitamomentago.——是的,我剛剛做的。三、A)have/hasbeenin/tohave/hasgoneto“have/hasgoneto+地點(diǎn)”表示“去了某地(還未回來(lái))”,指主語(yǔ)所指的人不在這have/hasbeenin+地點(diǎn)”表示“在某地呆了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”,常與表示時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用?！癶ave/hasbeento+Myfatherisn'tathome.Hehasgoneto我不在家,他去了IhavebeeninBeijingfor10years.我待在十年了Ihavebeentothatcity,andIdon'twanttogotherewouldratherpreferwouldrather相當(dāng)于一個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,后面跟不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式構(gòu)成句型:would與代詞連用時(shí)通常用縮寫(xiě)'d。其否定結(jié)構(gòu)為:wouldrathernotdosth.,意思是“寧可/愿TheywouldratherusecolorslikeorangeandI'drathernotlyouaboutwouldratherthan連用時(shí),than前、后連接兩個(gè)平衡結(jié)構(gòu),意為“寧……而不;與I'drathergoshopinSunshineTownthaninMoonlightTown.我寧愿去陽(yáng)光I'dratherputthepictureonmyhomepagethanshowitto我寧愿把放在家庭網(wǎng)頁(yè)上,而不愿把它給每個(gè)人看‘wouldrather…than…'可以用來(lái)表示個(gè)人的選擇或談?wù)搫e人的選擇。如I'dratherhelpMumdoalotofhouseworkthanwatchtoomuchTVat在周末,我寧愿幫干點(diǎn)家務(wù)活,也不愿看太多的電視Hewouldrathergiveawayhismoneytothepoorthanenjoyhimself.他寧愿把prefer用作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),之后通常跟名詞/動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ),to加名詞/動(dòng)名詞,即“preferAtoB”結(jié)構(gòu),AB;A:IprefermoderndramatoBeijingOpera.Ipreferwalkingto有時(shí)“preferngsth.tongsth.”結(jié)構(gòu)可以與“wouldratherdosth.thandosth.”結(jié)構(gòu)互換使用。如:Iprefersingingto我寧愿唱歌不愿跳舞。(=I'drathersingthanIpreferyingfootballtoyingbasketball.我寧愿踢也不愿打籃球(=I'dyfootballratherthany我總是早起,而不是不吃早飯去上學(xué)。Iwouldrathergetupearlythangotoschoolwithoutbreakfast.):“preferAtoB”與“preferAratherthanB”有時(shí)可以互換使用。如Ipreferfishtochicken.我寧愿吃魚(yú)不愿吃雞。該句相當(dāng)于:Ipreferfishratherthanchicken.瞬間性動(dòng)詞表示短暫的、不能持續(xù)一段時(shí)間的動(dòng)作如e,leave,begin,e,buy,receive,die,join,borrow,lend,go連用。持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示能持續(xù)一段時(shí)間的動(dòng)作,如:work,stay,live,learn,read,write,wait等。例如:誤:ShehasleftShenyangfora正:ShehasbeenawayfromShenyangforaSheoftengoesonbusiness.Butshehasn'tleftShenyangforamonth.thistimeyesterdaysofar,inthepastthreeyears,tillnow1】(2014·浙江寧波·29)—Areyousurprisedattheendingofthe—No,because theA. B.willC.have D.was根據(jù)句意句子應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),故選C。【答案】【例2】(2013·安順 theUSAintwoA.isleave B.leavesC.isleavingforD.left“in+時(shí)間段”是一般將來(lái)時(shí)的標(biāo)志,leaveC?！敬鸢?(1)在“祈使句+and/or+willwas/wereabouttodo...when...或was/wereng...when...或was/wereonthepointofng...when...句型中,when分句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí),在一個(gè)含有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句中,如果主從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都是過(guò)去發(fā)生的等等?！纠?】(2013·雅安·14)Iffarmers treesands,giantpandasnowheretolive.A.cut B.willcutdown;willC.willcut D.cutdown;will【解析】考查主句與從句的時(shí)態(tài)。if即主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí),從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),所以選D?！敬鸢浮? whenthecaptainA.are;ngB.did;doC.were;【解析】考查過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句“whenthecaptaincamein”可知句C?！敬鸢浮縮b.ahand(助);ask/lsb.todosth.Invitesb.todosth.havedifficultyinngsth.(做某事費(fèi)勁/由)等。2014·山東濱州·21)Smokingisbadforyourhealth.You'dbetterA.setitupB.giveitC.pickit D.lookitB?！敬鸢浮俊纠?2013··27)—WhatdoesTom'suncle—Heisateacher. physicsataschoolA.will B.has C. D.nowC?！敬鸢浮?2014··5)Tom therefor10monthssincehe backtohishas B.hasC. D.lived;has(2014·棗陽(yáng)·33)—Whereisyour— Shanghaionbusinessforseveralhasbeen B.hasgoneC.hasbeen D.hasleft(2014·江蘇鹽城·10)—Doyouknowtheyoungman— friendssincewemetinNanjingthreeyearshave B.C.have D. (2014··9)—Let'sgotoYangMeikengtoenjoythecool —Goodidea.ButIamafraidwecan'tgothereif will B.willyou;willC.shallwe;willrainD.shall(2014·江蘇江陰·8)MrBlack Shanghaithisafternoon.DoyouknowwhentheearliestnetoShanghai isleavingfor;takeswillleave;takesisleavingfor;istakingwillleave;istaking(2013·)Timwillcallmeassoonas my B.willC. D. —OK,Mum.IamconsideringmakeanappointmentB.makeaC.makea upEnglish.It'svery B. C.(2013·吉林)Ineedanewjacket.Thisone thehelp B.takeC.keep D.give(2013·浙江)Wehaveto heavyrain.take B.getC.put D.set keeppigsforfood.Butnowsomepeoplekeepthemaspets.used B.has C.had yournameonthepaperandyoucangetaCut B.LookC.Turn D.Put(2013·江蘇南京)Hefailedinthebasketballmatchandlookssad. puthim B.sethimC.cheerhim D.cleanhim(2013·)Thesportsmeetingwill becauseofthebadput B.putC.put D.putDsinceD。C解析:考查have/hasbeeninA;B;C去過(guò)一段時(shí)間;D項(xiàng)已經(jīng)離開(kāi)由句“他來(lái)做生意好幾天了判斷,應(yīng)該用hasbeenin。