文論斯特勞斯

文論斯特勞斯第1頁(yè)，課件共14頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月LifeStructuralism

AFrenchanthropologist,ethnologist,structuralistadecisiveinfluenceonthehumanitiesinthesecondhalfofthetwentiethcentury1908-2009StructuralapproachtomythConclusion

第2頁(yè)，課件共14頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月Life:ClaudeLevi-StraussborninBrussels(布魯塞爾，比利時(shí))1908grewupinFrancefather:Frenchpaintermother:hasJewishancestrynamedaftertheartistClaudeLorrain

dreamtobeanartist第3頁(yè)，課件共14頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月studiedlawandphilosophyatSorbonne(巴黎大學(xué)文學(xué)院)gotbacheloroflaws,laterin1931hegaveuplearninglaw,focusingonphilosophy(psychoanalysisandMarxism)PlantobeahighschoolteacherTurningpoint:wasofferedtobecomeamemberoftheuniversitymissioninBrazilasaprofessorofsociologyattheUniversityofS?oPaulo(巴西圣保羅大學(xué))第4頁(yè)，課件共14頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月1935-1939:doethnography(人種學(xué))workinBrazilwithhiswife,aprofessorofethnologyconductedresearchforaysintotheMatoGrosso(印第安部落)andtheAmazonRainforestThisexperiencecementedhimprofessionalidentityasananthropologist.第5頁(yè)，課件共14頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月Turningpoint2：wasstrippedofFrenchcitizenshipafterFrenchcapitulation(1940法國(guó)投降)forhisJewishancestryduringWWII.Escape1941wasofferedapositionattheNewSchoolforsocialresearchinNewYork.relationshipwithJacobson(結(jié)構(gòu)主義語(yǔ)言學(xué)家)helpedshapehistheoreticaloutlookofstructuralism

createthestructuralanthropology第6頁(yè)，課件共14頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月in1948,returnedtoParisandreceivedhisdoctoratefromtheSorbonne.anhonoraryProfessorattheCollègedeFrance(法蘭西公學(xué)院thehighestinFrenchhighereducation)

Interests:Anthropologykinshipmythologysociety

TheElementaryStructuresofKinship（親屬關(guān)系的基本結(jié)構(gòu)）TristesTropiques

（憂郁的熱帶）TheSavageMind（野性的思維）

Mythology神話學(xué)StructuralAnthropology結(jié)構(gòu)人類學(xué)第7頁(yè)，課件共14頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月StructuralismLinguistic：Saussure（languageisaself-containedsystemofsigns）Chomsky(deepstructure)Claude:culturescanbeviewedassystemsofsignsandanalyzedintermsofthestructuralrelationsamongtheirelements.Literature:analyzethesystematicfeaturesandfunctionsofnarratives,tofindafinitesetofrulestoaccountfortheinfinitesetofrealandpossiblenarratives.

第8頁(yè)，課件共14頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月Purpose:discoveruniversalpatterns/truthabouthumanmindMethod:examtherelationsandfunctionsofthesmallestconstituentelementsofasystemKeywords:binaryoppositions:female/maleprivate/publicwholenessinterrelationshippattern/rule第9頁(yè)，課件共14頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月StructuralApproachtoMyth“Myth,liketherestoflanguage,ismadeupofconstituentunits.”Theseconstituentunits,ormythemes（神話素）isarelation,andthemeaningofamythistobefoundin"bundlesofsuchrelations.“Method:(1)classifymythemesandthenassignsthemnumbers;(2)arrangethosemythemesonachartbasedonbinaryopposition;(3)pointoutdeepstructureofmyth,revealingitsessenceandmeaning.

第10頁(yè)，課件共14頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月Paradox:fantasticandunpredictable,thecontentofmytharearbitrary;mythofdifferentculturesaresimilar.Universallawgovernthemythicalthoughtandresolvethisparadox,producingsimilarlawindifferentcultures.

apairofoppositionsandamediator第11頁(yè)，課件共14頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月AmythconsistofElementsthatopposeorcontradicteachotherOtherelementsthatmediateorresolvethoseoppositions.StructureofmythsupporthisbasictheoryofhumanthoughtUniversallawsgovernallareasofhumanthought.第12頁(yè)，課件共14頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月ConclusionClaudeLevi-Straussneverplanedtobeananthropologistorstructuralist.Butlifeisjustaboxofchocolate,youwillneverknownwhatyou’regonnaget.Byfollowinghisinterest,hegraspedopportunitieslifeprovidedforhimandmadegreateffortstoachieveprofessionalsuccess.ToClaude,thereisauniversallawgovernallareasofhumanthoughtsandculturescanbeviewedassystemsofsigns.Myth

1.It'smadeofunits