大學(xué)英語教程1(南方版)讀寫譯-UNIT-6-ARE-WE-REALLY-FOOLS課件

UNITSIXAREWEREALLYFOOLS?PartILANGUAGESKILLPARTIILANGUAGEINCONTEXTPARTIIITOWARDPRODUCTIVELANGUAGE若出現(xiàn)禁用“宏”和“ActiveX”對話框，請選擇“啟用”大學(xué)英語教程1（南方版）

讀寫譯大學(xué)英語教程1讀寫譯UNITSIXKEYWORDSMADEEASYKEYEXPRESSIONSINUSEPartILANGUAGESKILLBACK大學(xué)英語教程1讀寫譯UNITSIXKEYWORDSMADEEASYAReadaloudthefollowingsentencesandfigureoutwhateachitalicizedwordmeans.Theclueintheparentheseswillhelp.1.Noneofusareinfallible.Allofusmakemistakes.(perfect)2.Asextensionsofthehumanbrain,computerssometimesfailjustashumansdo.(enlargements)3.Oncethecargoisshipped,insurancecanbecoveredinstantaneously.(immediately)4.Wemakedecisionsbychoosingbetweenrightandwrongalternatives.(choices)BACK大學(xué)英語教程1讀寫譯UNITFOURKEYWORDSMADEEASYAReadaloudthefollowingsentencesandfigureoutwhateachitalicizedwordmeans.Theclueintheparentheseswillhelp.5.Thefacultyofsightenablesustosee,andmentalfacultiesenableustothinkreasonably.(power)6.Thethingscomputerscandoforhumanbeingsareinfinite.(endless)7.Theworkinghypothesisofthisthesisisthatmanalwaysmakesmistakes.(basic)8.Thewonderfulperformancewonspontaneousapplausefromtheaudience.(voluntary)9.Iwasstunnedbythebeautyofthevastocean.(amazed)10.Thetendencytowarderroriswritteninourgeneticinstructions.(ofgenes)BACK大學(xué)英語教程1讀寫譯UNITSIXAStudythefollowingexpressions.thatsortofthing

thingslikethat 諸如此類的事情chokewith blockorfill;becomespeechless 因為……而堵塞；因……而說不出話來beattheverybaseof

beabasicpartof 在……的最根本處bewithinone’sgrasp

canbegrasped;canbeunderstood

能夠掌握；能夠理解ona...scale

toarelatively...degreeorextent 在……范圍內(nèi)；在……規(guī)模上KEYEXPRESSIONSINUSEBACK大學(xué)英語教程1讀寫譯UNITSIXBReadaloudeachofthefollowingsentences.Seehowtheseexpressionsareused.1.MyfriendJanealwaystalksaboutpopstars,fashion,boys,dates,andthatsortofthing.2.Jenniferhadneverheardsuchinsultingwords.Shewaschokingwithanger.3.Tosinisattheverybaseofhumannature.Weareborntosin.4.Thedifficultiesincarryingoutthereformarewithinhisgrasp.Hewillgothroughwithit.5.Thereformwascarriedoutonanationalscale.KEYEXPRESSIONSINUSEBACK大學(xué)英語教程1讀寫譯UNITSIXPARTIILANGUAGEINCONTEXTREADINGSELECTION:TEXTASTUDYANDPRACTICEQUESTIONSFORDISCUSSIONBACK大學(xué)英語教程1讀寫譯UNITSIXPreviewQuestionsWorkinpairsorgroups,anddiscussthefollowingquestions.1.Areyouafraidofmakingmistakes?Whyorwhynot?2.Doyouthinkthaterrorpromoteshumanlearningorisitjustawasteoftimeandenergy?3.Haveyouevermadeabigmistake?Diditbenefityouorsetyouback?4.Howdoyouviewcomputersandtheirpotentialinservingpeople?BACKREADINGSELECTION:TEXTALead-inQuestions1.Areyouafraidofmakingmistakes?Whyorwhynot?Tips:

Yes,I’mafraidofmakingmistakesforitisfrustrating.IfImakemistakesintests,Imaygetpoorgrades.IfImakemistakesinaconversation,Imayannoyotherpeople.IfIwereatopexecutiveandImadeamistake,mycompanywouldsufferagreatloss.Inaword,errorsmeanlossofopportunities,wasteoftimeandenergy.No.I’mnotafraidofmakingmistakes.Mistakescanbehelpful.Theycanleadtonewfindingsanddiscoveries.Weprogressbylearningfromourmistakes.Lead-inQuestions2.Doyouthinkthaterrorpromoteshumanlearningorisitjustawasteoftimeandenergy?

Tips: Ithinkthaterrorsarepointlessandcostly.Mistake-makersfeelfrustrated.Errorsdodamagetotheirconfidence.Ifpeopleworryaboutthemistakestheyhavemade,theywillalsobeundergreatstress.Thiswilldamagetheirhealth.Moreover,majorerrorscanleadtochaos,tragedies,andlossofpurpose.Somemistakesmayresultinlossoflifeandproperty,thebreakupofmarriage,thefallingapartoffriendship,orevenwar.Ithinkthatmistakesarenotallbad.Theycanbegoodsometimes.Forexample,wecanlearnalotfromourmistakes.Andthenwebecomewiserandmoreexperienced.Trialanderrorisoneofthemajorwaysofsolvingproblems.Errorissignificantinhumanlearning.Lead-inQuestions3.Haveyouevermadeabigmistake?Diditbenefityouorsetyouback?

Tips: Imadeabigmistakeinthecollegeentranceexamination,andasaresultIlosttheopportunitytoenterthecollegeIwantedtoattend.Sothismistakeaffectedmeinanegativeway. Somemistakeshelpusgrow.Letmetellyouastory.WhenIwasinjuniorhigh,onedayIhadaquarrelwithmyparents,andIranawayfromhome.Thiswasawrongthingtodo.Iwasoutonthestreetsforafewdays.ThesedayswerehellishandIcametorealizehowmuchmyparentscaredforme.Afterthatexperience,Iappreciatedmorewhatmyparentsweredoingformeandbecamemorerespectfulandobedient.Lead-inQuestions4.Howdoyouviewcomputersandtheirpotentialinservingpeople?

Tips: Ithinkthatcomputersarethegreatestinventionofhumankind.Theyarewonderfulmachines.Theycandoalotofthingsforhumanbeings.Forinstance,theycanputthousandsofunrelatedfactsinorderinstantly.Aprogrammedcomputercanbeattheworldchampionatchess.Computershavegreatpotentialinservingpeople.TheInternet,forexample,ischangingtheworld.PeopledobusinessthroughtheNet.Workersworkathome;theycangetinformationon-line.Inthefuture,computersmayenablehumanbeingstoenjoyfarmoreleisurethantheydotoday.BackgroundInformationAbouttheAuthorLewisThomas(1913-1993)wasborninNewYorkandattendedPrincetonUniversityandHarvardMedicalSchool.Hehasheldappointmentsatvariousmedicalschoolsandhospitals.Dr.ThomaswontheNationalBookAwardin1974forhisfirstcollectionofessays,

TheLivesofaCell,andhasgoneontopublishextensively,includingTheMedusaandtheSnail(1979),TheYoungestScienceandLateNightThoughtsonListeningtoMahler’sNinthSymphony(both1983),andAlongLineofCells:CollectedEssays(1990).Lewisisacelebratedphysician,author,researchscientist,andadministrator.BeatyouatchessInMay1997,IBM'sDeepBlueSupercomputerplayedafascinatingmatchwiththereigningWorldChessChampion,GarryKasparov.

Results:Game1:5/3/97:KasparovwinsGame2:5/4/97:DeepBluewinsGame3:5/6/97:DrawGame4:5/7/97:DrawGame5:5/10/97:DrawGame6:5/11/97:DeepBluewinsKasparovvs.DeepBlue(Right:theoperatorofDeepBlue)TrialandErrorAproblem-solvingstrategyinwhichseveralsolutionsareattempteduntiloneisfoundthatworks.“Trialanderror”isoneofthe

fourbasicproblem-solving

processes.Theotherthreearealgorithms,heuristics,andinsight.

Algorithm（演段）isasystematicproblem-solvingstrategythatisguaranteedtoproduceasolution.Heuristic（直觀推算）isaruleofthumbthatallowsonetomakejudgementsthatarequickbutofteninerror.Insight（頓悟）isaformofproblem-solvinginwhichthesolutionseemstopoptomindallofasudden.StructurePara1-2:Computersmakemistakes,butpeoplegenerallythinkofthemastheresultofpersonal,humanerrors,fortheyconsidercomputersasinfallible.Para3-6:Theauthorarguesthatsincehumansareborntoerr,computers－anextensionofthehumanbrain－areconstructedtoerr,too.Para7-11:Errorissignificantinlearning,for“trialanderror”isamajorwayofsolvingproblems.Foranorganizationtorunsmoothlyandforprogresstobemade,errorsareindispensable.Wereitnotforthegiftoferring,humanscouldnotmoveforward.MainIdeaPara12:Ifwecanlearntoacceptthefactthathumansandcomputersmakemistakesandlearntobenefitfromthosemistakes,thefutureofmankindandcomputersisbright.大學(xué)英語教程1讀寫譯UNITSIXBACKREADINGSELECTION:TEXTA大學(xué)英語教程1讀寫譯UNITSIXBACKREADINGSELECTION:TEXTA大學(xué)英語教程1讀寫譯UNITSIXBACKREADINGSELECTION:TEXTANotesPartI.Para.1-21.Everyonemusthavehadatleastonepersonalexperiencewithacomputererrorbythistime.Bankbalancesaresuddenlyreportedtohavejumpedfrom$379intothemillions,departmentstoressendthewrongbills,utilitycompanieswritethatthey'returningeverythingoff,thatsortofthing.Ifyoumanagetogetintouchwithsomeoneandcomplain,youthengetinstantaneouslytyped,guiltylettersfromthesamecomputer,saying,"Ourcomputerwasinerror,andanadjustmentisbeingmadeinyouraccount."2.Thesearesupposedtobetheblindestofaccidents.Mistakesarenotbelievedtobepartofthenormalbehaviorofagoodmachine.Ifthingsgowrong,itmustbeapersonal,humanerror,theresultoffingering,tampering,abuttongettingstuck,someonehittingthewrongkey.Thecomputer,atitsnormalbest,isinfallible

QuestionsHowdopeopleusuallyseecomputererrors?1.Toerrishuman(Title)LanguagePointsMeaning:

Itishumannaturetosinandmakemistakes.(人非圣賢孰能無過)(FromAlexanderPope:Toerrishuman;toforgive,divine)

toerronthesideofsth:showtoomuchofa(usu.good)quality過分表現(xiàn)某品質(zhì)（通常指好的）e.g.It'sbettertoerronthesideoftolerance(iebetootolerantratherthantoosevere)whendealingwithyoungoffenders.

對待失足的青少年寧可失之過寬（寧過寬而勿過嚴(yán)）.2.Thesearesupposedtobetheblindestofaccidents(Line8)

譯文：人們認(rèn)為，這些錯誤是最盲目的意外。Meaning:

Peoplebelievethattheseerrorsaretheresultofchance.Theyarenotmadeonpurpose.3.Thecomputer,atitsnormalbest,isinfallible.(Line15-16) 譯文：反正電腦在正常運轉(zhuǎn)時，是不會自動出錯的。Meaning:

Whenacomputerisinthebeststate,itnevermakesmistakesbyitself.atits/one’sbest(Line15):inthebeststateorform處于最佳狀態(tài)，在全盛期中Iwasn’tfeelingatmybestatthepartysoIdidn’tenjoyit.晚會上我的狀態(tài)不太好，所以玩的也不盡興。e.g.PartII.Para.3-63.Iwonderwhetherthiscanbetrue.Afterall,thewholepointofcomputersisthattheyrepresentanextensionofthehumanbrain,vastlyimproveduponbutnonethelesshuman,superhumanmaybe.Agoodcomputercanthinkclearlyandquicklyenoughtobeatyouatchess,andsomeofthemhaveevenbeenprogrammedtowriteobscureverse.Theycandoanythingwecando,andmorebesides.4.Itisnotyetknownwhetheracomputerhasitsownconsciousness,anditwouldbehardtofindoutaboutthis.Whenyouwalkintooneofthosegreathallsnowbuiltforthehugemachines,andstandlistening,itiseasytoimaginethatthefaint,distantnoisesarethesoundofthinking,andtheturningofthespoolsgivesthemthelookofwildcreaturesrollingtheireyesintheefforttoconcentrate,chokingwithinformation.Butrealthinking,anddreaming,areanothermatter.5.Ontheotherhand,theevidencesofsomethinglikeanunconsciousness,equivalenttoours,areallaround,ineverymail.Asextensionsofthehumanbrain,theyhavebeenconstructedwiththesamepropertyoferror,spontaneous,uncontrolled,andrichinpossibilities.6.Mistakesareattheverybaseofhumanthought,embeddedthere,feedingthestructurelikerootnodules.Ifwewerenotprovidedwiththeknackofbeingwrong,wecouldnevergetanythingusefuldone.Wethinkourwayalongbychoosingbetweenrightandwrongalternatives,andthewrongchoiceshavetobemadeasfrequentlyastherightones.Wegetalonginlifethisway:Wearebuilttomakemistakes,codedforerror.QuestionsDoestheauthoragreethatmistakesshouldnotbepartofthenormalbehaviorofagoodmachine?Whyorwhynot?Howdoestheauthorviewcomputers?4.Afterallthewholepointofcomputersisthattheyrepresentanextensionofthehumanbrain,vastlyimproveduponbutnonethelesshuman,superhumanmaybe.(Line18-21)

譯文：電腦存在的全部意義，畢竟在于它是人腦的延伸。電腦雖然有所改進(jìn)，但仍然具有人的特性，或超人的特性。

Meaning:

Thepurposeofcomputersisthattheyrepresentpartoftheabilitiesandpowersofhumanbeings.Theymayhavebeengreatlyimprovedandaremorepowerfulthanhumanbeingsinsomeareas,buttheystillhavesomefeaturesofthehumanbrain.她在100米比賽中刷新了自己以往最好的成績。e.g.5.improveon/uponsth(Line20):

achieveorproducesthofabetterstandardorqualitythansthelse改進(jìn)或生產(chǎn)出比某物更好的事物

Sheimprovedonherpreviousbestperformanceinthe100metres.這個成就從未有人超過。e.g.

Thisachievementhasneverbeenimprovedon.6.nonetheless

[,n?ne?'les](Line20):

inspiteofthisfact,

nevertheless,however雖然如此,但是It’snotcheapbutIthinkweshouldbuyitnonetheless.那意思你還不懂嗎？e.g.7.obscure[?b'skj??](Line24):

notclearlyunderstoodorexpressed;ambiguousorvague模糊的或含糊的，難懂的雖然不便宜，我們還是得買。e.g.

Isthemeaningstillobscuretoyou?

8.Ontheotherhand,theevidencesofsomethinglikeanunconsciousness,equivalenttoours,areallaround,ineverymail.(Line33-34)譯文：與此相反，電腦“無意識”（類似人類的“無意識”）的跡象卻比比皆是，每封郵件里都可以找到。Meaning:

However,wecanfindlotsofevidencesthatcomputersareunconscious—unawareoftheirwayofprocessinginformation,justashumansareunawareoftheirsensations,thoughts,andfeelingssometimes.9.equivalent(Line33):equal,asinvalue,force,ormeaning在價值上、效果上、意義上相當(dāng)、對等Whatis￡5equivalenttoinFrenchfrancs?五英鎊相當(dāng)于多少法國法郎？

e.g.10.Asextensionsofthehumanbrain,theyhavebeenconstructedwiththesamepropertyoferror,spontaneous,uncontrolled,andrichinpossibilities.(Line34-36)譯文：作為人腦的延伸，電腦也被賦予了人類出錯的屬性，而且是自發(fā)的、不可控制的，發(fā)生的可能性很大。

Meaning:

Ascomputersareanextensionofthehumanbrain,theyhavebeencreatedtohavethesamefacultyoferring.Theywillmakemistakesspontaneously(atanytimeorplace);theycannothelpmakingthem;andtheywillmakealotofthem.11.spontaneous(Line35):happeningorarisingwithoutapparentexternalcause;self-generated自發(fā)的，自然產(chǎn)生的Theeruptionofavolcanoisspontaneous.

火山的噴發(fā)是自發(fā)的。e.g.12.Mistakesareattheverybaseofhumanthought,embeddedthere,feedingthestructurelikerootnodules.(Line37-39)

譯文：出錯是人類思維的一個基本特征，扎根在人類思維的最深處。內(nèi)嵌在思維里，像根節(jié)一樣供養(yǎng)著整個思維組織。Meaning:

Toerrishuman.Thecapacitytomakemistakesiswritteninourgeneticinstructions.HumanshavetheDNAsequencesformakingmistakes.Mistakesareembeddedinhumanthoughtandsupplyfoodforthestructureofthinking,justasrootnodulesprovidefoodforthetree.13.embed(Line38):fixfirmlyinasurroundingmass使插入,使嵌入Acrownembeddedwithjewelswasstolen.

鑲嵌珠寶的皇冠被盜了。e.g.14.

Wegetalonginlifethisway:wearebuilttomakemistakes,codedforerror.(Line46-47)

譯文：人生來就要出錯，生命編碼中就蘊涵著出錯的可能。

Meaning:

Wemakeprogressinlifethisway.Thatis,welearnby“trialanderror,”andnotby“trialandtriumph.”Wearemadetomakemistakes.PartIII.Para.7-117.Welearn,aswesay,by"trialanderror."Whydowealwayssaythat?Whynot"trialandrightness"or"trialandtriumph"?Theoldphraseputsitthatwaybecausethatis,inreallife,thewayitisdone.8.Agoodlaboratory,likeagoodbankoracorporationorgovernment,hastorunlikeacomputer.Almosteverythingisdoneflawlesslybythebook,andallthenumbersadduptothepredictedsums.Thedaysgoby.Andthen,ifitisaluckyday,andaluckylaboratory,somebodymakesamistake:thewrongbuffer,somethinginoneoftheblanks,adecimalmisplacedinreadingcounts,thewarmroomoffbyadegreeandahalf,amouseoutofhisbox,orjustamisreadingoftheday'sfile.Whateveritis,whentheresultscomein,somethinghasobviouslystartedtowork,andthentheactioncanbegin.9.Themisreadingisnottheimportanterror;itopenstheway.Thenextstepisthecrucialone.Iftheinvestigatorcanbringhimselftosay,"Butevenso,lookatthat!"thenthenewfinding,whateveritis,isreadyforsnatching.Whatisneeded,forprogresstobemade,isthemovebasedontheerror.10.Whenevernewkindsofthinkingareabouttobeaccomplished,ornewvarietiesofmusic,therehastobeanargumentbeforehand.Withtwosidesdebatinginthesamemind,lecturing,thereisafriendlyunderstandingthatoneisrightandtheotherwrong.Soonerorlaterthethingissettled,buttherecanbenoactionatalliftherearenotthetwosides,andtheargument.Thehopeisinthefacultyofwrongness,thetendencytowarderror.Thecapacitytoleapacrossmountainsofinformationtolandlightlyonthewrongsiderepresentsthehighestofhumantalent.11.Itmaybethatthisisauniquelyhumangift,perhapsevenwritteninourgeneticinstructions.OthercreaturesdonotseemtohaveDNAsequencesformakingmistakesasaroutinepartofdailyliving,certainlynotforprogrammederrorasaguideforaction.QuestionsHowdoestheauthorviewerror?WhatdistinguisheshumanbeingsfromothercreaturesaccordingtoParagraph11?15.

trial(Line48):n.theactorprocessoftesting,trying,orputtingtotheproof試驗,考驗

adj.

Attemptedoradvancedonaprovisionalorexperimentalbasis嘗試的,試驗性的

LanguagePointsThetrialflighthasmadethegrade.試飛成功。e.g.16.Theoldphraseputsitthiswaybecausethatis,inreallife,thewayitisdone.(Line50)Explanation:

Theoldphrasesaysthatwelearnby“trialanderror”becauseinreallifewegetalongthisway.譯文：俗話之所以這么說，就是因為在實際生活中，“嘗試和錯誤”才是我們學(xué)習(xí)的方式。18.

addupto(Line52):

amountto總計，共達(dá)Thesenumbersaddupto100.這些數(shù)目合計為100。e.g.17.

bythebook(Line52):

(infml.)

strictlyaccordingtotherules嚴(yán)格按照規(guī)章辦事He'salwayscarefultodothingsbythebook.他總是小心翼翼地按規(guī)章辦事。e.g.19.

isreadyforsnatching(Line65):

(thenewfinding)isabouttobegrasped可以掌握，可以理解Ireadthepoemforseveraltimes,anditsmeaningwasreadyforsnatching.那首詩我讀了幾遍，意思大體懂了。e.g.20.Thehopeisinthefacultyofwrongness,thetendencytowarderror.(Line73-74)

Explanation:

Thegoodnewsisthatwehavethecapacitytobewrongandmakeerrorsand,therefore,wecanmakeprogressbasedontheerror.譯文：所以，人能解決問題，就在于人腦有出錯的功能，人有出錯的傾向。21.

leap(Line74):

springorboundupwardfromorasiffromtheground;jump彈跳；跳躍Lookbeforeyouleap.三思而后行。e.g.22.

routine(Line78):

n.

[C,U]fixedandregularwayofdoingthings固定而有規(guī)則性的程序;例行公事;常規(guī)

adj.usual;habitual;regular通常的;慣例的;例行的dosthasamatterofroutine.按常規(guī)辦事。e.g.routineprocedure

例行手續(xù)e.g.routinemaintenance

定期的保養(yǎng)e.g.PartIV.Para.1212.Weshouldhavethisinmindaswebecomedependentonmorecomplexcomputersforthearrangementofouraffairs.Givethecomputerstheirheads,Isay;letthemgotheirway.Ifwecanlearntodothis,thepossibilitiesforthefutureofmankind,andcomputerkind,arelimitless.Youraveragegoodcomputercanmakecalculationsinaninstantwhichwouldhavetakenalifetimeofsliderulesforanyofus.Thinkofwhatwecouldgainfromthenearinfinityofprecise,machine-mademiscomputationwhichisnowsoeasilywithinourgrasp.Wecouldbeginthesolvingofsomeofourhardestproblems.How,forinstance,shouldwegoaboutorganizingourselvesforsociallivingonaplanetaryscale,nowthatwehavebecome,asaplainfactoflife,asinglecommunity?Wecanassume,asaworkinghypothesis,thatalltherightwaysofdoingthisareunworkable.Whatweneed,then,formovingahead,isasetofwrongalternativesmuchlongerandmoreinterestingthantheshortlistofmistakencoursesthatanyofuscanthinkuprightnow.Weneed,infact,aninfinitelist,andwhenitisprintedoutweneedthecomputertoturnitselfonandselect,atrandom,thenextwaytogo.Ifitisabigenoughmistake,wecouldfindourselvesonanewlevel,stunned,outintheclear,readytomoveonagain.QuestionsWhatdoweneedformovingahead,i.e.,forimprovementinanindividualaswellasinhumansociety?Howcanthepossibilitiesforthefutureofmankind,andcomputerkind,belimitlessaccordingtotheauthor?23.

givesbhishead(Line81):

letsbmoveoractfreely讓某人自由行動LanguagePointsGiveJohnhisheadandlethimmakehisowndecisions.讓約翰自己做決定吧。e.g.24.Thinkofwhatwecouldgainfromthenearinfinityofprecise,machine-mademiscomputationwhichisnowsoeasilywithinourgrasp.

(Line84-86)Explanation:

Nowcomputersmakeinfiniteprecisemiscomputationthatiswithinourcontrolandunderstanding.Wecanmakehugeprogressifwetakeadvantageofthem.譯文：現(xiàn)在，我們能輕易掌握電腦錯誤運算的結(jié)果，幾乎是無限卻又非常精確的錯誤運算結(jié)果。設(shè)想一下，我們從中能得到多少好處?。?5.

goaboutsth/doingsth

(L.94):starttoworkatsth;approachortacklesth;setaboutsth開始做某事物;處理某事物;著手於某事物You'renotgoingaboutthejobintherightway.你處理此事的方法不對。e.g.HowshouldIgoaboutfindingajob?我應(yīng)該怎樣著手尋找工作?e.g.26.

intheclear(L.94):(infml)

nolongerindangerorsuspectedofsth.不再有危險的;不再因某事物受嫌疑Shewasveryillforafewdaysbutshe’snowintheclear.她病了幾天，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)康復(fù)了。e.g.27.Ifitisabigenoughmistake,wecouldfindourselvesonanewlevel,stunned,outintheclear,readytomoveonagain.(Line93-95)

Explanation:

Ifthemistakewehavemadeisbigenough,wecouldbesurprisedtofindthatwehavebeenelevatedtoanewlevel,becomesurerofourselves,andarereadytoadvance.譯文：如果這個錯誤足夠嚴(yán)重，我們就會進(jìn)入一個新的層次，既驚詫，又豁然開朗，準(zhǔn)備好繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。SummaryoftheTextComputererrorsarenotunfamiliartous.Butmostpeoplebelievethatthesemistakesare________,astheyconsidercomputersas________.Butas_________ofthehumanbrain,computerscan’tbeinfallible.Theymakemistakesashumansdo.Thisisagoodthing,becausewelearnby___________.Mistakesopenthedoortonewfindingsanddiscoveries.Mancannotprogressifhenevermakesany__________.Aswebecomeincreasinglydependentoncomputers,weshouldrememberthaterrorsarepartofthenormalbehaviorofthemachineandthatwecanbenefitfrom___________.accidentsinfallibleextensionstrialanderrormistakesthoseerrorsWritingStyle&MethodsWritingStyle:ArgumentationWritingMethod:CauseandeffectArgument:Computers,likethehumanswhocreatedit,willinevitablymakemistakes.Weshouldacceptthisfactandmakegooduseofcomputersforthebenefitofmankind.Cause:

Humanbeingsarebuilttomakemistakes,codedforerror.Effect:

Asextensionsofhumanbrain,computershavebeenconstructedwiththesamepropertyoferror,spontaneous,uncontrolled,andrichinpossibilities.大學(xué)英語教程1讀寫譯UNITSIXBACKDiscussthefollowingquestionsinpairsorgroups.QUESTIONSFORDISCUSSIONForComprehension1.Howdopeopleusuallyseecomputererrors?2.Howdoestheauthorviewcomputererrors?3.Whataresomeofthesoundfactsaboutcomputers?4.Howdoestheauthorviewcomputers?5.Howdoestheauthorviewerror?大學(xué)英語教程1讀寫譯UNITSIXBACKDiscussthefollowingquestionsinpairsorgroups.QUESTIONSFORDISCUSSIONForViewpoints6.Howdoyouviewthecomputer?7.Howdoyouviewcomputererrors?8.Doyouagreewiththeauthor’sexplanationthat“wrongalternatives”and“bigenoughmistakes”leadtorealimprovementinhumansociety?Explainwhy.9.Doyouthinkthatmistakesaresystematicorrandom?Canwemakevaluablediscoveriesbyanalyzingmistakes?10.Isanargumentimportanttoachievenewkindsofthinkingortogetanythingusefuldone?大學(xué)英語教程1讀寫譯UNITSIXBACKSTUDYANDPRACTICEB.Fillintheblanksinthefollowingpassagewiththewordsinthebox.Makechangeswherevernecessary.program list government savecomputer e-mail create virusVocabularyTheInternetcanbedangerousto(1)________.Somesick-mindedpeopleenjoycausingproblemsforotherpeopletheydon'tevenknow.Theycreatecomputerviruses.Acomputercangetavirusbydownloadinga(2)______thathasavirusinit.Somevirusescomeby(3)______.Aviruscandestroythedataapersonhas(4)______incomputerfiles.Aviruscancauseacomputertocrash.computerse-mailprogramsavedprogram list government savecomputer e-mail create virusA(5)_______canalsoreproduceitself!Itcansendcopiesofitselftoeveryoneonaperson'se-mailaddress(6)_____.Thenthosepeople'scomputerswillhavethesameproblems.Andrewissuchapersonwho(7)______deadlyviruses.Hethinksit'sfunnytodothat.Lastyearhecreatedavirusthatcostbusinessesand(8)__________billionsofdollars.Policearoundtheworldlookedforhim.Finally,theycaughthim.Needlesstosay,hewillspendmanyyearsinjail.Thatwon'tbesofunnyforhim.createslistgovernmentsvirusprogram list government savecomputer e-mail create virusC.Rewritethefollowingsentenceswiththehelpofthephrasesandexpressionsinthebox.Theitalicizedpartineachsentencemaybeofhelptoyourtask.inerror soonerorlater have...inmindwithinourgrasp afactoflife getintouchwithatrandom turnoffVocabulary1.Utilitycompanieswritethattheyarestoppingtheflow

ofeverything(water,gas,electricity,etc.).turningeverything2.

IfyouwanttogetconnectedwithsomeoneontheInternet,you'llhavetoapplyforanemailaccount.getintouchwithinerror soonerorlater have...inmindwithinourgrasp afactoflife getintouchwithatrandom turnoffoff.3.

Mycalculatorismakingmistakes.ThefigureIgetisnotcorrect.isinerror.4.Youshouldtellher,becauseshe'llfindoutoneday.soonerorlater.5.Thewinningnumberwaschosenwithoutconsciouschoice.6.Wemustalldiesometime:thatissomethingwecannothelp.afactoflife.atrandom.inerror soonerorlater have...inmindwithinourgrasp afactoflife getintouchwithatrandom turnoff7.InfightingagainstcrimesontheInternet,wearefacedwithdifficultiesthatarenotbeyondourunderstanding.withinourgrasp.8.

Weshouldrememberthaterrorsareaguideforaction.haveinmindStructureA.

(bev-ed...;havebeenv-ed)computererrorbelieveresultpersonal,humanmistake1.Thecomputererrorwasbelievedtobetheresultofapersonal,humanmistake.Studythefollowingsentences.Thenmakesentenceswiththephrasesandexpressionsgiven.Writeyoursentencesonthelines.2.paycheckmakesupportthenewcomputerprogrammingsystem2.Paycheckhasbeenmadetosupportthenewcomputerprogrammingsystem.3.eachcomputerequipwithcertainsoftwareskeep...awayfromchildrenbadpictures3.Eachcomputershou