上海市東中學(xué)2021-2022學(xué)年高三英語期末試題含解析

上海市東中學(xué)2021-2022學(xué)年高三英語期末試題含解析一、選擇題1.Greatinventorsdon’t________graduatefromfamousuniversities.Somedidn’tevengotouniversity.A.likely

B.necessarily

C.really

D.particularly參考答案：B2.Everythingisinplace,Henry.Withoutalocalguide,wethemountains.A.wouldn’texplore B.wouldn’thaveexploredC.didn’texplore D.hadn’texplored參考答案：A句意:亨利,一切都準(zhǔn)備就緒了。不請一個(gè)當(dāng)?shù)氐南驅(qū)?我們是不會去山里探險(xiǎn)的。根據(jù)句中的"Withoutalocalguide"可知,這里應(yīng)用wouldn’texplore表示與將來事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。3.Iagreetohissuggestion__________conditionthathedropsallcharges.A.by

B.in

C.on

D.to參考答案：9．C試題分析：句意：我同意他的建議，條件是他把所有的費(fèi)用降低。這里空格的前后都是句子，所以空格處必須構(gòu)成連詞。on conditionthat條件是，是連詞。根據(jù)句意故選C?？键c(diǎn)：考查連詞的用法。點(diǎn)評：本題難度適中。連詞是近幾年高考的熱點(diǎn)，不僅在單選，完形和短文改錯(cuò)中都是?？嫉闹R點(diǎn)，需要考生記住每一個(gè)連詞的用法，意義及區(qū)別。即學(xué)即練：I'llcome_________conditionthatJohnisinvitedtoo.A.by

B.in

C.on

D.to解析：C。句意：如果約翰也受到邀請，我就來?！窘馕觥柯?.Noonecanunderstand

shemanagedtosurvivefor30yearsthere—it’sjustunbelievable.

A.when B.how C.what D.where參考答案：B5.Don’tturnoffthecomputerbeforeclosingallprograms,_________youcouldhaveproblems.A.or

B.and

C.but

D.so參考答案：A6.--I’vegivenupsmokingalready,darling.--Youshouldhavetakenthedoctor’sadviceyearsago.

,anyway.A.Betterlatethannever

B.It’seasiersaidthandoneC.Nopains,nogains

D.Wellbegunishalfdone參考答案：A考查諺語。A.Betterlatethannever亡羊補(bǔ)牢;遲做比不做好；

B.It’seasiersaidthandone說起來容易做起來難；C.Nopains,nogains不勞無獲；

D.Wellbegunishalfdone好的開端是成功的一半。上句：我已經(jīng)放棄吸煙了。下句：三年前你就該聽醫(yī)生的建議。不管怎樣，遲做比不做好。根據(jù)句意可知答案為A。7.—Doyouknow__________theygottoknoweachother?—Itwaslastyear________theybothtaughtChineseinScotlandA.whenwasitthat;when

B.whenitwasthat;thatC.whenitwasthat;when

D.whenwasitthat;that參考答案：C8.Hecouldhavefinisheditonschedule,but________hefellbehind.A.somehow

B.anyway

C.somewhat

D.anyhow參考答案：A9.

ThevisitingEuropeanarchitectsshowedgreat______fortheancientChinesebuildingdesignsintheForbiddenCity.A.preference

B.inspiration

C.interest

D.imagination參考答案：A10.Thescientistdoesnotstudynature________itisusefultodoso.Hestudiesitbecausehetakespleasureinit.

A.

until

B.

because

C.

though

D.

unless參考答案：B

【分析】句意：這個(gè)科學(xué)家研究自然不是因?yàn)檫@樣做有用。他研究自然是因?yàn)樗麖闹袝玫娇鞓?。A.until“直到”；B.because“因?yàn)椤?；C.though“盡管”；D.unless“除非”。由下一句提示可知，本句為because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句。故選B。

【點(diǎn)評】考查狀語從句，本題涉及because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句。11.Whydoesshestealthings_

shecouldeasilyaffordtobuythem?A．when

B．while

C．unless

D．which參考答案：A12.—DoyouknowwhereDavidis?Ican’tfindhimanywhere.—Well.He

havegonefar—hiscoat’sstillhere.

A．shouldn’t

B.mustn’t

C.can’t

D．wouldn’t

參考答案：C略13.Havingbeenattackedbyterrorists,________.A.doctorscametotheirrescue

B.thetallbuildingcollapsedC.anemergencymeasurewastaken

D.warningsweregiventotourists參考答案：B14.Batsaresurprisinglylong-livedcreatures,some_______alifespanofaround20years.A.having

B.had

C.have

D.tohave參考答案：A15.Inartcriticism,youmustassumetheartisthasasecretmessage

withinthework.A. tohide B. hidden C. hiding D. beinghidden參考答案：B【名師點(diǎn)睛】過去分詞作定語，在語態(tài)上，表被動；在時(shí)間上，表示動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成，與它所修飾的名詞有邏輯（意義）上的動賓關(guān)系。過去分詞作定語時(shí)，所修飾的名詞在邏輯上相當(dāng)于被動句中的主語，過去分詞相當(dāng)于謂語。

過去分詞作定語表示動作在謂語動作之前發(fā)生，已經(jīng)完成并具有被動意義。有時(shí)也不表示時(shí)間性。作定語的過去分詞一般由及物動詞變來，因?yàn)橹挥屑拔飫釉~才有被動意義。例如：

He

is

a

teacher

loved

by

his

students.

他是個(gè)很受學(xué)生愛戴的老師。

也有用不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語的情況，一般作前置定語，它不表示被動意義，只表示主動意義，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作完成。不能像及物動詞的過去分詞那樣放在名詞后面作定語。例如：

fallen

leaves

落葉

retired

workers

退休工人

the

risen

sun

升起的太陽

注意下面過去分詞作定語的幾種情況：

1.

單個(gè)的過去分詞作定語一般放在被修飾的名詞之前。例如：

We

needed

much

more

qualified

workers.

我們需要更多的合格的工人。

My

friend

is

a

returned

student.

我的朋友是個(gè)歸國的留學(xué)生。

單個(gè)分詞也可以作后置定語，用以強(qiáng)調(diào)動作。例如：

They

decided

to

change

the

material

used.

他們決定更換使用的材料。

2.

過去分詞短語作定語要放在被修飾的名詞后面，作后置定語，其作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。例如：The

student

dressed

in

white

is

my

daughter.

=The

student

who

is

dressed

in

white

is

my

daughter.)穿白色衣服的學(xué)生是我的女兒。

3.

如果被修飾的詞是由every/some/any/no

+

thing/body/one所構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞或指示代詞those等時(shí)，即使一個(gè)單一的分詞作形容詞用，也要放在被修飾詞的后面。例如：

There

is

nothing

changed

here

since

I

left

this

town.自從我離開這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)以來，幾乎沒有什么變化。

4.

單個(gè)過去分詞前加一名詞或副詞，常用連字符將它們連接起來構(gòu)成一個(gè)復(fù)合形容詞，放在其修飾的名詞前，作前置定語。分詞前加的名詞表示分詞的動作或行為主體，所加的副詞表示方式、時(shí)間、程度、性質(zhì)等意義。例如：

This

is

a

state-owned

factory.

這是一家國營工廠。

5.

作前置定語的某些動詞的過去分詞的形式與作謂語或表語的過去分詞的形式往往不一樣。16.—CanIhaveanapple,UnclePal?—______.Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway.A.Itdoesn’tmatter

B.It’sadealC.You’rewelcome

D.Helpyourself參考答案：D二、新的題型17.“Whereareyougoingtocollege?”I’mgoingtomylocalcommunitycollege.”Myanswerseemedtobethemagicphrasethatwouldwipethesmilerightoffmanypeople’sfaces.It’sclearthatpeoplehavealotofmisconceptions(誤解)aboutcommunitycolleges.Manypeoplethinkcommunitycollegesareonlyforpeoplewhocouldn’tgetintoafour-yearschool.Butitisnottrue.Inhighschool,IalwaysgotA’s.Butwhenitcametoapplyingtocolleges,IhadnoideawhatIwantedtomajorinandcouldn’tjustifyspendingthousandsofdollarsata4-yearschooluntilIknewwhatIwantedtodo.Myparentswereverysupportiveofmydecisiontoattendthecommunitycollege.Somepeoplewillask,“Sincethecommunitycollegeischeaper,willyougetagoodeducation?”Ifoundthatnearlyallofmyprofessorstaughtthesamecoursesat4-yearcolleges.Myprofessorswereknowledgeableandexperienced,andIfoundmanyofthecourseschallenging.SomepeoplethinkifIattendthecommunitycollege,Iwillmissoutonthe“collegeexperience”.ImustadmitthatthisissomethingIworriedaboutagreatdealthesummerbeforecollege.ButIsoonlearnedthatthecommunitycollege,justlikeanyothercollege,iswhatyoumakeofit.Istrivedtomakethemostofmytimeatthecommunitycollege.Ialsomadetonsoffriendsbyjoiningclubsandattendingstudentgovernmentmeetings.Itookalotofdifferentcourses.IhadanamazingprofessorwhosuggestedItakeherjournalismclass.Neverhavingwrittenformyhighschoolnewspapers,Idarednottakeit,butsinceshewassoenthusiastic,Ieventuallydecidedtohaveatry.ThatonecoursewasallittookformetorealizethatIwantedtobecomeajournalist.IlookforwardtograduatingthisMaytopursueacareerinbroadcastjournalism.Communitycollegesmaynotbeforeveryone,butformeitisalife-changingexperiencethathashelpedmediscoverwhoIamandthepersonIhopetobecome.71.Whatwastheauthor’sparents’attitudetowardshis/herdecisionaboutattendingthecommunitycollege?(nomorethan5words)______________________________________________________________________________72.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“missouton”inParagraph4mean?(1word)______________________________________________________________________________73.Howdidtheauthormakefriendsatcommunitycollege?(nomorethan12words)______________________________________________________________________________74.Whydaren’ttheauthortakethejournalismclassatfirst?(nomorethan12words)______________________________________________________________________________75.Inyouropinion,whatkindofeffectdoesattendingthecommunitycollegehaveontheauthor?(nomorethan15words)______________________________________________________________________________參考答案：71.Theysupportedhis/herdecision.72.Lack73.Byjoiningclubsandattendingstudentgovernmentmeetings.74.Becausetheauthorneverwroteforhisorherhighschoolnewspaper.75.Attendingthecommunitycollegehelpstheauthordiscoverwhoheisandwillbecome.三、閱讀理解18.Inthe19thcentury,thereusedtobeamodelofhowtobeagoodperson.Thereareallthesetorrentsofpassionflowingthroughyou.Yourjob,ascaptainofyoursoul,istoerectdamstokeepthesepassionsincheck.Yourjobistojustsaynotolaziness,lust,greed,druguseandtheothersins.Thesedaysthatmodelisoutoffashion.Youusuallycan’tchangeyourbehaviorbysimplyresolvingtodosomething.Knowingwhattodoisnotthesameasbeingabletodoit.Yourwillpowerisnotlikeadamthatcanblockthetorrentofself-indulgence.It'smorelikeamuscle,whichtireseasily.Moreover,you'reasocialbeing.Ifeverybodyaroundyouisovereating,you’llprobablydoso,too.The19th-centurycharactermodelwasbasedonanunderstandingoffreewill.Today,weknowthatfreewillisbounded.Peoplecanchangetheirlives,butorderingchangeisnotsimplebecausemanythings,evenwithinourselves,arebeyondourdirectcontrol.Muchofourbehavior,forexample,isguidedbyunconscioushabits.ResearchersatDukeUniversitycalculatedthatmorethan40percentoftheactionswetakearegovernedbyhabit,notactualdecisions.Researchershavealsocometounderstandthestructureofhabits—cue,routine,reward.Youcanchangeyourownpersonalhabits.Ifyouleaverunningshortsontheflooratnight,that'llbeacuetogorunninginthemorning.Don’ttrytoignoreyourafternoonsnackcraving.Everytimeyoufeelthecueforasnack,insertanotherroutine.Takeawalk.Theirresearchthusimpliesadifferentcharactermodel,whichissupposedtomanipulatetheneuralnetworksinside.Tobeaneffectiveperson,underthismodel,youaresupposedtocoollyexamineyourownunconscioushabits,andthehabitsofthoseunderyourcare.Youaresupposedtodevisestrategiestoalterthecuesandroutines.Everyrelationshipbecomesslightlymanipulative,includingyourrelationshipwithyourself.You'retryingtoarousecertainresponsesbyimplantingcertaincues.Thisisabitdisturbing,becausetheimportanthabitualneura