現(xiàn)代大學(xué)英語(yǔ)精讀5-Lesson-5-love-is-a-fallacy課件

現(xiàn)代大學(xué)英語(yǔ)精讀5Lesson5loveisafallacypre-readingquestionswhatdoesthenarratorthinkabouthimself?Toexchangeforthegirlhewanted,whatdidhehavetogive?IsPollyaperfectcandidateforhisfuturewife?HowdidhislessononlogicworkwithPolly?DidhesucceedinwinningPolly?Whynot?OnloveIftogiveanindividualdefinitiontolove,whatwillyourdefinitionbe?MaxShulmanAffairsofDobieGillis(1953)

Author’snoteWhatdoestheauthorthinkofhisownessaycomparedtothoseoftheCharlesLamb’s?Whatisthisessaylikeaccordingtotheauthor?AndcomparedwiththosewrittenbyCarlyleandRuskin?CharlesLambCharlesLamb(1775-1834)wasanEnglishessayist,bestknownforhisEssaysofElia(Eliawashispenname)andforthechildren'sbookTalesfromShakespeare,whichheproducedalongwithhissister,MaryLamb.ThomasCarlyle

(1795-1881)Britishhistorianandessayist

TheFrenchRevolution(1837),OnHeroes,HeroWorshipandtheHeroicinHistory(1841)andPastandPresent(1843).JohnRuskin(1819-1900)artist,scientist,poet,environmentalist,philosopher,andthepre-eminentartcriticofhistime.

…thatlogic,farfrombeingadry…passion,andtrauma.Metaphorandhyperbole.It’sametaphorcomparinglogictoalivinghumanbeing.Itisahyperbolebecauseitexaggeratesforthesakeofeffect.Logicisnotatalladry,learnedbranchoflearning.Itislikealivinghumanbeing,fullofbeauty,passionandpainfulemotionalshocks.HyperboleAfigureofspeechwiththedeliberateuseofoverstatementorexaggerationtoachieveemphasis.Eg.Hamlet:IloveOphelia:fortythousandbrotherscouldnot,withalltheirquantityoflove,makeupmysum.Shakespeare:HamletIBMThinkPad:Wheretheworld’smostinnovativepeoplechoosetothink.(2003Ad.)WordsandexpressionsMonthofSundays:alongtimeTounfetterMemorableLimp,flaccid,spongyWithoutdoubtFarfrom=notatallDisciplineTraumaParas4-6coolIVsdumbPeteyWhatdoes“I”thinkofhimself?Isitcommontohavea18-year-oldsobrilliant,accordingtohimself?Whatdoesthenarratorthinkofhisroommate,Petey,comparingtohimself?WhydoesheconsiderPeteydumbasanox?Keen,calculating,…Iwasallofthese.Keen,calculating,perspicacious,acuteandastuteallrefertounusualmentalagilityorperceptiveness.Keensuggestsavigorousandforcefulabilitytograpplewithcomplexorobscureproblems,e.g.akeenmindfordistinctions.Sometimesbyanalogywithgoodvision,thewordmaysuggestanabilitytoobservedetailsandseethemaspartofalargerpattern,e.g.akeenunderstandingoftheproblemsfacingtheconservationmovement.Acute

suggestsafinesensitivityorreceptivitytonuancesthatmightescapeothers.e.g.anacuteawarenessoftheslightestambiguityineachstatementmadebyhisopponent;itmightalsoimplyahigh-keyedstateofnervousattentionthatisnotsustainableforlong,;e.g.anacutealertness,heightenedbythestrangesilenceintheenemytrenches.Astutesuggestsathoroughandprofoundunderstanding,stemmingfromascholarlyorexperiencedmindthatisinfullcommandofagivenfield,e.g.anastuteassessmentofthestrengthsandweaknessoftheplansforreorganizingthedepartment;anastuteevaluationofthegapsonourknowledgeofhowlifeevolved.Perspicacious

isthemostformalofthesewords;itstressesintensityofperception,e.g.aperspicaciousremarkthatilluminatedthewholeproblemforallofthem.Calculatingmeansshrewdorcunning.Mybrainwasaspowerfulasadynamo,…ascalpel.SimileandHyperboleThenarratoruse3similestopraisehimself,whichshowshispomposity.HyperboleAfigureofspeechwiththedeliberateuseofoverstatementorexaggerationtoachieveemphasis.Eg.Hamlet:IloveOphelia:fortythousandbrotherscouldnot,withalltheirquantityoflove,makeupmysum.Shakespeare:HamletIBMThinkPad:Wheretheworld’smostinnovativepeoplechoosetothink.(2003Ad.)Sameage,samebackground,butdumbasanox.

Ellipsis.HeandIarethesameageandhavethesamebackgroundbutheisasdumbasox.Theuseofellipticalsentences,togetherwithshortsentencesanddasheshelpmaintainthespeedofthenarration.dumbasanox:Simile,asstupidasanox;verystupid.ThiskindofsimilereflectsdifferencesinculturebecausetheChinesewouldnotconsideranoxdumbbutwouldlinkdumbnesstoadonkey.nothingupstairsnothingupstairs:(Americanslang)empty-headed;anitwitThecorrespondingBritishslangis“unfurnishedintheupperstorey”.Fads,…negationofreason.Ibelievefollowingpassingcrazesshowsacompletelackofsoundjudgment.Submit:toofferasanopinion;suggest,proposeVerynegation:thecomplete(absolute)lackoroppositeofsomepositivecharacterorqualityReason:soundthoughtorjudgment;goodsenseWordsandexpressionskeen,calculating,perspicaciousAcuteandastuteAgiantintellectDumbasanoxNothingupstairsImpressionableTosweepaway/tobesweptawayTosurrenderoneselfto…Theacmeof…

Paras7-59thedeal“I”camebacktothedormitorytofindpeteyalldepressed?Why?Whydoeshewanttohavearaccooncoatsobadly?WithwhatpurposedidIhelphimtogetthecoat?whatkindofgirlwasPolly?WheredidIgetthecoat?RaccoonandraccooncoatShewas,tobesure,agirlwhoexcitedtheemotions.Shewasbeautifulandattractiveenoughtoarousethedesiresandpassionsofmen.ButIwasnotone…entirelycerebralreason.butIwouldnotletfeelingsoremotionsgettheupperhandofreasonorgoodsense.I’mguidedinmyactionsbyreasonandgoodsenseandnotbyfeelingsandemotions.

toletmyheartrulemyhead:

metonymy.“Heart”standsfor“feelingsandemotions”and“head”for“reasonandgoodsense”.shrewd:clever;sharpinpracticalaffairscalculated:undertakenoracceptedaftertheprobableresultshavebeenestimatedcerebral:(humorous)requiringtheuseoftheintellect;intellectualratherthanemotionalWithoneomission,Pollyfittedthespecificationsperfectly.Specification:(usu.plural)astatementorenumerationofparticulars,astoactualorrequiredsize,quality,performance,terms,etc.Noticetheuseof“specifications”.Thenarratorwantedtosoundexactlylikesomebodytalkingaboutaseriousbusinesstransaction.Pin-up:(Americancolloquialism)designatingagirlwhosesexualattractivenessmakesherasubjectforthekindofpicturesoftenpinneduponwallsproportion:lines,shapesofthebodysupplythelack:supplywhatiswantingHeimpliesthattimewillgiveheraperfectfigure.Buthedeliberatelyavoidsusingthoseexplicitwordsdescribingfemalephysicalattractions.Shealreadyhadthemakings.Makings:thematerialorqualitiesneededforthemakingordevelopmentofsomethingShealreadyhadallthephysicalqualitiesneededfordevelopingintoaverybeautifulwoman.Carriage,bearing,poiseSynonymous“bearing”,inthecontext,denotesmannerofcarryingorconductingoneselfandreferstocharacteristicphysicalandmentalposture.

“Carriage”,alsoappliestoposture,specificallystressesthephysicalaspectsofaperson’sbearing,e.g.anerectcarriage.potroast:meat,usuallyalargecutofbeef,cookedinonepiecebybraisingwithoutevengettingherfingersmoist:(showingherdaintyandrefinedtablemanner)Herfingersdidn’tevengetslightlywet.Theimpliedhumoristhatthewomanhadanusuallygoodappetite.Shewolfeddowneverything.Infactsheveeredintheoppositedirection.veer:tochangedirection;toshift;toturnorswingaround.Infact,shewentintheoppositedirection.Thisisasarcasticwayofsayingthatshewasratherstupid.Imeanareyougoingsteadyoranythinglikethat?togosteady:(Americancolloquialism)todatesomeoneoftheoppositesexregularlyandexclusively;besweetheartsImeanareyoutwosweethearts?Isaidwithamysteriouswink…Atransferredepithet.Hesaidmysteriouslywithawink(thewinkwasnotmysterious).StutzBearcat斯圖茲勇士Hewasatornman.Hewasagitatedandtormented,notknowingwhatwastherightthingtodo?Thenheturnedawayandsethisjawresolutely.Sethisjaw:heputhisjawinafixedorrigidposition.Thisactionshowshisfixed,unyieldingdetermination.…h(huán)ejuststoodandstaredwithmadlustathecoat.Hyperbole.It’sanexaggerationtodescribehislongingforthecoatas“madlust”.Hestoodthere,lookingwithgreatlongingatthecoat.Madlust:frantic,insane,overmasteringdesireIt’sjustbeenacasualkick-justafewlaughs,that’sall.Casualkick:(Americanslang)anoccasionalpleasure;acasualrelationship;apassingaffair;notaserouscommitmentAfinalreasonthateasesPetey’sconscience.Weoccasionallywentoutforabitoffun,that’sall.WordsandexpressionsIncredulous/incredibleBeintheswimItsohappenedthat…TocovetTosmartenupReverentTosetone’sjawTogosteadywithsb.

Paras60-61thefirstdateHowdidthenarrator’sfirstdategowithPolly?FromthelanguagePollyused,whatkindofgirlisshe?WithPolly'sdishearteningstupidity,didthenarratorintendtogiveherup?Polly’slanguageThewriterdeliberatelymakesPollyusealotofexclamatorywordslike”Gee,O,wow-dow”andclippedvulgarformslike“delish,marvy,sensaysh”,etc.tocreatetheimpressionofasimpleandratherstupidgirl.Polly’slanguagestronglycontrastswiththatofthenarrator’s,thusincreasingtheforceofsatireandirony.LanguageinPara61Formal.ThenarratorfeltdepressedafterthefirstdatewithPolly.Tobringthisfeelingout,andtocreateahumorouseffect,thewriterusesformalphrasessuchas“withaheavyheart”,“gravelyunderestimatedthesizeofthetask”,“l(fā)ackofinformation”,“aprojectofnosmalldimensions”,etc.Thisloomedasaprojectofnosmalldimensions…Toteachhertothinkappearedtobeaveybigtask,andatfirstIeventhoughtofgivingherbacktopetey.

Nosmalldimensions:

understatementorlitotes,

Understatement

(Litotes&meiosis)afigureofspeechwithdeliberateuseofunderstatingafact,impressingthelistenerorthereadermorebywhatismereimpliedorleftunsaidthanbybarestatement.Litotes:understatementbytheuseofnegativeHewasamanofnomeanwealth.It’snolaughingmatter.Meiosis:understatementwithouttheuseofnegation

ButthenIgottothinkaboutherabundantphysicalcharms…knifeandfork…Thewaysheenteredaroom:hercarriageandpoiseofbearingThewayshehandledaknifeandfork:herrefinedtablemannersInthissentence,thenarratorrecapitulatesPolly’sgoodpointsorthosequalitieswhichmadehimchoosePollyashisprospectivewife.WordsandexpressionsAheavyheartBetemptedtoAbundantParas62-98thefirstlogiclessonWhydidthenarratorwanttoteachPollylogic?DidthefirstlogiclessongoverywellwithPolly?Was“I”readytogiveupyet?…youwouldgofartofindanothersoagreeable.It’snotthateasytofindagirlsoagreeable.Itwillbebetterifyoustoptuggingmysleeves…Itwillbebetter…:arequestshowingdispleasureIt’squitebrusqueforthenarratortosaythingstoPollyinthisway,showinghisdisrespectforPolly.Iwasgettingnowherewiththisgirl.

Getnowhere:tomakenoprogress;accomplishnothing.Iwasmakingnoprogresswiththisgirl.Thisgirlsimplyhadalogic-proofhead.-proof:resistantto,unaffectedby.E.g.logic-proof,fireproof,waterproof,etc.Pollyhadaheadthatwasresistanttologic.Whoknew?Arhetoricalquestion,expressingsomedoubtorsomehope.HemightsucceedinteachingPollysomelogic.Nobodycouldtellforsure.Maybesomewhereinthe…afewembersstillsmoldered.Metaphor.comparingPolly’smindtotheextinctcraterofavolcane,and“embers”tosomesparksofintelligence.PerhapsthereisstillsomeintelligenceleftinPolly’sempty(orstupid)mind.也許在她死火山般的腦袋里，還有一點(diǎn)余火仍在閃爍冒煙。Admittedlyitwasnotaprospectfraughtwithhope.Admittedly:bygeneraladmission,everyonewilladmitthat…Tobefraughtwith:tobefilled,charged,orloadedwithOnemustadmitthattheoutcomedoesnotlookveryhopeful.WordsandexpressionsHaveallthefactsatone’sfingertipsTrystingplaceEarnestlyItwillbebetterif…ExasperationToplungeaheadTobefraughtwith

Paras99-123

thesecondlogiclessonDidthenarratorfinallysucceedtomakePollyunderstandsomelogiconthesecondlogiclesson?…itjustknockedmeout.Knock(oneself)out:(Americanslang)toelicitenthusiasmoranemotionalresponse,especiallydeepsympathyorlaughterIwasexcitedandfilledwithpleasurebythemovie.ThatWalterPidgeonissodreamy.That:adjective,designatingsomeonenotdescribedbutwellknownoreasilyrecognizable.Dreamy:(Americanslang)ageneraltermofapproval;excellent,wonderful,delightful,etc.Thatwell-knownactorWalterPidgeonissowonderfulThereisalimittowhatfleshandbloodcanbear.Fleshandblood:synecdoche,materialforthethingmadeThereisalimittowhatanyhumanbeingcanbear.PoisoningthewellThelogicalfallacy“adhominem”orspeaking“againsttheman”ratherthantotheissue.Thewritercompares“thepersonalattackonapersonholdingsomethesis”to“poisoningthewell”—ametaphor.Iwatchedhercloselyassheknit…inconcentration.Knitthebrow:todrawthebrowstogether(aswhenthinkingveryhard)Creamy:soft,whitecolor(ofPolly’scomplexion.Iwatchedherasshethoughtveryhard.…aglimmerofintelligence

…cameintohereyes…Aglimmerofintelligence:一絲智慧的閃光FromhereyesIcouldseethatforthefirsttimeshewasbeginningtounderstandtheproblem.…withanairywaveofherhandShewavedherhandinavivaciousorgaymanner.Thisshowedthatshewaspleasedwiththepraiseshereceivedfromherboyfriend.OverandoverandoveragainI…withoutlet-up.Tohammeraway(at):tokeepemphasizingortalkingaboutLet-up:stopping,relaxingOverandoveragainIgaveexamplesandpointedoutthelogicalmistakesinvolved.Ikeptemphasizingallthiswithoutstopping.WordsandexpressionsToappealtosthBlubberBriefToknockoneselfoutHamstring/tohamstringTohammerawayat…TopersistPara124-theproposalDidthenarratorlovePolly?HowdidPollyrespondtothenarrator’sargumentsforgoingsteadywithher?Whydidherejecthim?IhadmadealogicianoutofPolly.IhadturnedPollyintoalogician.Tomakealogicianoutofpolly:把波莉培養(yǎng)成了邏輯學(xué)家。Shewasafitwifeforme…formywell-heeledchildren.Mansion:alarge,imposinghouse;statelyresidenceWell-heeledchildren:(Americanslang)rich,prosperousHerethenarratordescribestherole,whichhethinks,awifeshouldplay.Firstsheshouldbeaproperhostessofarichmanwhoownsmanymansions.Inotherwordssheshouldbegoodatentertaininghisrichfriendsandclientsandthusfurtherhiscareer.Second,sheshouldbeagoodmotherandproperlylookafterhisrichandrosperouschildren.PygmalionPygmalion,inRomanmythology,sculptorofCyprus.Pygmalionhatedwomenandresolvednevertomarry.Heworked,however,formanymonthsonastatueofabeautifulwoman,andeventuallyfellmadlyinlovewithit.Disconsolatebecausethestatueremainedlifelessandcouldnotrespondtohiscaresses,PygmalionprayedtoVenus,goddessoflove,tosendhimamaidenlikehisstatue.Venusansweredhisprayerbyendowingthestatuewithlife.Themaiden,whomPygmalioncalledGalatea,returnedhisloveandborehimason,Paphos,fromwhomthecitysacredtoVenusreceiveditsname.PygmalionbyBernardShaw

Basedonclassicalmyth,BernardShaw’sPygmalionplaysonthecomplexbusinessofhumanrelationshipsinasocialworld.PhoneticsProfessorHenryHigginstutorstheveryCockneyElizaDoolittle,notonlyintherefinementofspeech,butalsointherefinementofhermanner.WhentheendresultproducesaveryladylikeMissDoolittle,thelessonslearnedbecomemuchmorefarreaching.ThesuccessfulmusicalMyFairLadywasbasedonthisBernardShawclassic.Ibegyourpardon.

Apoliteformulaofapology,disagreement,etc.Herethenarratorusesthispoliteformulatoexpresshissurpriseanddisbelief.HedidnotknowwhattomakeofPolly’sanswer.Thedearchildhadlearnedherlessonswell.ThisfreshmanadoptedaverypatronizingattitudetowardsPolly.…pattingherhandinatolerantmanner…Heispatronizingnotonlyinspeechandtonebutalsoinaction.Hepattedherhandinsuchawayastoshowthathewasreadytoignoresomethinghedidnotquitelike.IwasnotPygmalion…mymonsterhadmebythethroat.Tohavesb.Bythethroat:attackbyseizingandsqueezingone’sthroat.FrankensteinShelley,MaryWollstonecraft