高中英語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)學(xué)案及專題訓(xùn)練

#高中英語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)專題訓(xùn)練題【網(wǎng)絡(luò)構(gòu)建】動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)是兩個(gè)非常重要的語法范疇，構(gòu)成了英語語法的基本框架。因此時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)也是高考中出現(xiàn)頻率最高的語法項(xiàng)目。英語有十六種時(shí)態(tài)，但?？嫉闹饕幸话悻F(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)、過去將來時(shí)及完成進(jìn)行時(shí)等。語態(tài)一般不單獨(dú)設(shè)題，通常結(jié)合時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行綜合考查。（一）時(shí)態(tài)概念時(shí)態(tài)是謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作或情況發(fā)生的時(shí)間的各種形式。英語中有十六種動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)形式，但常見的有九種，見下表：時(shí)態(tài)名稱表示時(shí)間表達(dá)的意義例 句 .般現(xiàn)在時(shí)現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣于或經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作Classbeginsateighteverymorning.狀況Helooksverypale.瞬間動(dòng)作Therecomestheschoolbus.過去描述過去的事實(shí)，以求描述的生動(dòng)性Theriverriseshigherandhigher,breaksthebanksandfillsalllowplaces.將來固定不變或不易變的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)TomorrowisSunday.（在時(shí)間或條件從句中）表示將來的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)Whenhearrives,we'llgoouttomeethim.Itwillbe3hoursbeforeIcomeback.不受時(shí)間限制的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)Thesunrisesintheeast.Practicemakesperfect. .般過去時(shí)過去某時(shí)（或某段時(shí)間內(nèi)）的動(dòng)作HetraveledinFrancelastyear.狀態(tài)HewasinShenzhengsomeyearsago.習(xí)慣動(dòng)作WhenIwasatcollege,Iwrotehomeonceamonth.先后一連串動(dòng)作Hewenttotown,boughtsomebooksandvisitedhisdaughter.現(xiàn)在或?qū)矸钦鎸?shí)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，屬虛擬語氣范疇It'stimewehadsupper.Ifhearrivedtomorrow,Ishouldmeethimattheairport. .般將來時(shí)將來某個(gè)時(shí)刻（或某段時(shí)間內(nèi)）將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，更多地用于帶有條件從句的主句中Hewillcomenextweek.I’llaskherassoonasshecomes.狀態(tài)Yourdresswillbereadysoon.預(yù)測現(xiàn)在某事可能要發(fā)生了It’steno'clock.Marywillbeinbedbynow.現(xiàn)在的習(xí)慣Alionwillneverattackanelephant.

現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在的需要ShallIhelpyou?對將來的事情現(xiàn)在作出決定Whichshirtdoyouwant?I'lltaketheredone,please.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在某時(shí)（或某段時(shí)間內(nèi)）正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作Heiswritingaletternow.SheisvisitingShanghaithisweek.婉轉(zhuǎn)口氣I’mhopingtohearfromyousoon.帶有感情色彩的敘述Theboyisalwaystalkinginclass.將來按計(jì)劃一般不易變更的動(dòng)作Thetrainisleavingat11:00p.m..（在時(shí)間或條件從句中）表示將來的動(dòng)作Whenyouarecyclingalongthestreet,don't'forgetthetrafficlight.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去某時(shí)（或時(shí)間段內(nèi)）進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作Iwasdoingmyhomeworkthistimelastnight.故事發(fā)生的背景Thewindwasblowinganditwasraininghard.帶有感情色彩的敘述Hewasmakingtroubleallthetime.過去說話前不久的動(dòng)作Iwastellinghimhismotherwasill.婉轉(zhuǎn)口氣Iwashopingyoucouldhelpme.過去將來時(shí)過去間接引用某人過去的話和想法Hewarnedusthatthejourneywouldbedangerous.習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作Atdusk,theseoldladieswouldsitinrockingchairsandtalk.現(xiàn)在非真實(shí)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)IfIwereyou,IwouldstudyFrench.客氣的請求Wouldyoumindhelpingme?愿望Iwouldlikeacupoftea.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)完成用法現(xiàn)在時(shí)間前完成的動(dòng)作留下的結(jié)果或影響Hehasturnedoffthelight.IhavebeentoJapan.現(xiàn)在時(shí)間前已做的動(dòng)作Heisreadingthebookthathehasboughtrecently.（在時(shí)間或條件從句中）表示在將來某個(gè)時(shí)間前先要做完的動(dòng)作I'llreturnthebooktoyouassoonasIhavefinishedit.未完成用法直到現(xiàn)在為止尚未完成的動(dòng)作HehaslivedinWuhansincelastsummer.過去完成用法過去某一時(shí)刻或某一事件前完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)Bytheendoflasttermwehadlearned3000Englishwords.未完成用法過去某一時(shí)刻或某一事件前已發(fā)生但未完成的動(dòng)作ByDecemberlastyear,hehadworkedinBeijingforfiveyears.完成時(shí)其他用法表示非真實(shí)的，想象的過去動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)IwishIhadtoldhimaboutit.Ifshehadworkedharder,shewouldhavesucceeded.Theyhadmeanttoseemeoffattheairport,buttheygottheretoolate.（二）時(shí)態(tài)的運(yùn)用1．現(xiàn)在時(shí)等表示將來時(shí)【重點(diǎn)提示】用現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來時(shí)往往出現(xiàn)在以下狀語從句中：if,unless,evenif等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句；when,before;after;once;until;till;assoonas;（themomentimmediately）等弓|導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句；nomatterwhat/who/which/when/where/how或whatever/whoever/whenever/wherever/however/whichever引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。在上述從句中如果主句是將來時(shí)（往往出現(xiàn)will,shall,can,must等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或祈使句），從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示一般將來時(shí)。如：I’llnotgotohisbirthdaypartyunlessI’minvited.Tellhimthenewsassoonashecomesback.有時(shí)這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)表示按計(jì)劃、規(guī)定要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（句中帶有時(shí)間狀語），但限于少數(shù)動(dòng)詞如begin,come,leave,goarrive,start,stop,return,open,close等。如：Themeetingbeginsatseven.Thetrainstartsatnineinthemorning.當(dāng)主句是過去將來時(shí)，用一般過去時(shí)表示過去將來時(shí)。如：Hesaidhewouldgoforaholidaywhenhefinishedhiswork.上述從句中還用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示將來完成時(shí)，此時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)從句動(dòng)作在主句之前發(fā)生。如：Youcan’tgooutuntilyouhavefinishedyourhomework.（先完成作業(yè)再出去玩。）2．過去時(shí)在語境中的運(yùn)用【重點(diǎn)提示】在沒有明確時(shí)間狀語的情況下，考生對過去時(shí)的判定往往會(huì)失誤，原因是只憑漢語直譯而不看語境。語境中的過去時(shí)往往表示“剛才、剛剛”之意，暗示現(xiàn)在已“不再這樣”。如：Ineverthoughthewoulddothat.3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)【重點(diǎn)提示】考生很容易將現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)誤用為一般過去時(shí)，原因是沒有深刻領(lǐng)會(huì)“現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在造成的影響”這句話的含義。一般過去時(shí)僅僅說明動(dòng)作在過去，不強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響。如：Wherehaveyouputtherecorder?Ican’tfinditanywhere!Iputitrighthere,butnowit’sgone.問句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表明說話者在找錄音機(jī)，希望對方告訴他錄音機(jī)在哪里。而答語用過去時(shí)，因?yàn)椤颁浺魴C(jī)已經(jīng)不見了”?！皠偛拧卑唁浺魴C(jī)放這兒與“現(xiàn)在不見了”沒有直接關(guān)系。4．某些固定的句式中的時(shí)態(tài)【重點(diǎn)提示】在某些固定的句式中，其時(shí)態(tài)是固定的、約定俗成的。This/Itis/willbethefirst/secondtime+that從句一般用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，若主句be動(dòng)詞用was，則that從句用過去完成時(shí)。如：ThisisthefirsttimeIhavecomehere.Itwasthethirdtime（that）hehadmadethesamemistake.Itis/hasbeen+一段時(shí)間+since從句。Since從句中一般用過去時(shí)，如果將前邊的is改成was,則since從句中用過去完成時(shí)。如：Itwastenyearssincewehadhadsuchawonderfultime.beabouttodowhen意為“即將 (這時(shí))突然 ”。如：Iwasabouttogotobedwhenthetelephonerang.be(was/were)doingwhen意為“正在干 (這時(shí))突然 ”。如：TheywereplayingfootballwhenJackshoutedinpain.Hardlyhaddonewhen;Nosoonerhaddonethanwhen和than從句里也用過去時(shí)，表示“剛剛-——-就―--—"。如：HardlyhadIgothomewhentherainpoureddown.Nosoonerhadthevillagerslefttheburningbuildingthanitfelldownintopieces.It+be+一段時(shí)間+before從句該句式分兩種情況：若主句用將來時(shí)，則從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來時(shí)，意為多長時(shí)間以后即將發(fā)生某事；若主句用過去時(shí)，從句也用過去時(shí)，意為多長時(shí)間后發(fā)生了某事。如：Itwont’belongbeforehesucceeds.(=Hewillsoonsucceed.)Itwastenyearsbeforetheymetagain.(=Theymetagaintenyearslater.).現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)【重點(diǎn)提示】現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)主要表示動(dòng)作開始于過去某時(shí)，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，當(dāng)然中間動(dòng)作有時(shí)并非無停頓。事實(shí)上現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)除了表示動(dòng)作“已完成”的概念外，也可以表示動(dòng)作“未完成”概念，一般可換用，但口語中更傾向于用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。如：HehastaughtEnglishfor10years.也可說成:HehasbeenteachingEnglishfor10years.下列最好用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，因?yàn)閹в幸欢ǖ母星樯?。如：Wherehaveyoubeen?I’vebeentelephoningyouthewholemorning!He’sbeentalkingtomesincethismorning..非延續(xù)性(終止性)動(dòng)詞怎樣表示一段時(shí)間【重點(diǎn)提示】非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞有mary,die,close,arrive,post,come,fall,leave,go,break,give,join,jump,receive,buy,borrow,become,start,begin,graduate等。這些非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞如果用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，不能與表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語for,since—連用。如：可以說：IhaveboughtanAudicar.不可以說：IhaveboughtanAudicarforayear.如果要表示一段時(shí)間，句中不能用終止性動(dòng)詞，一定要用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如：IhavehadanAudicarforayear.也可以用以下方式：IboughtanAudicarayearago.It’s/hasbeenayearsinceIboughtanAudicar.二、 語態(tài)當(dāng)句子的主語是動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，謂語要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。被動(dòng)語態(tài)由be動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞過去分詞構(gòu)成，時(shí)態(tài)通過be的變化形式來體現(xiàn)。如：Thebridgeisbeingbuiltnow.Hewasaskedalotofquestionsatthemeeting.動(dòng)詞say,believe,report,announce,suppose,know,consider,hope等以it作主語時(shí)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，后面接that從句。如：Itissaidthatourfootballteamhaswonthegame.【重點(diǎn)提示】英語中有時(shí)用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義，主要有以下三種情況：謂語動(dòng)詞、非謂語動(dòng)詞和介詞短語。(一)用謂語動(dòng)詞的形式表示被動(dòng)含義.表示狀態(tài)特征的連系動(dòng)詞look,sound,feel,smell,taste,prove,appear+形容詞/名詞構(gòu)成的系表結(jié)構(gòu)。Thesteelfeelscold.Hisplanproved(tobe)practical..表示“開始”、“結(jié)束”、“運(yùn)動(dòng)”的動(dòng)詞，如begin,finish,start,open,close,stop,end,shut,run,move.Workbeganat7o’clockthismorning.Theshopclosesat6p.m.everyday..表示主語的某種屬性特征的動(dòng)詞，如read,write,act,sell,wash,clean,open,cook,lock,shut,dry,eat,drink.這類動(dòng)詞一般不單獨(dú)使用，常加上一個(gè)修飾語。如：Thiscoatdrieseasily.Thepenwritessmoothly..少數(shù)動(dòng)詞用于進(jìn)行時(shí)，其主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。如：print,build,cook,fry,hang,make.Thebooksareprinting.(二)用非謂語動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義.want,need,require作“需要”講時(shí)，后用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義，這時(shí)動(dòng)名詞同句子的主語之間在邏輯上有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如：Thehouseneeds/wants/requiresrepairing..形容詞worth后用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義Thisproblemiswellworthconsidering.Theclosegameisworthwatching..不定式在某些形容詞(difficult,easy,hard,comfortable,pleasant,fit,unfit,light,heavy,good,safe,dangerous)后作狀語且和句子的主語(或賓語)構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義，這是因?yàn)槿藗兺J(rèn)為形容詞后省去了forsb.如：Thequestionisdifficult(forme)tounderstand.Sheiseasy(forpeople)togetalongwith..不定式作名詞的后置定語，與被修飾的名詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，又和該句的主語后賓語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式常用主動(dòng)式表被動(dòng)含義。如：Ihavealotofworktodothisevening..在therebe句型中修飾主語的動(dòng)詞不定式用主動(dòng)形式和被動(dòng)形式皆可。在口語中多用主動(dòng)形式。如：Therearemanythingstodo/bedone..不定式tolet,toblame等表示被動(dòng)意義。如：Thecaristolet.(汽車出租。)專題知識(shí)練習(xí)-動(dòng)-詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)1、Unfortunately,whenIdroppedin,DoctorLiforBeijingtojoininthefightagainstSARS,soweonlyhadtimeforafewwords.A、justleftB、hasjustleft C、isjustleavingD、wasjustleavingIfthetraffichadn’tbeensoheavy,Icouldhavebeenbackby6o’clock.——Whatapity!Tinaheretoseeyou.A、is B、was C、wouldbe D、hasbeen3、ThisisoneoftheoldesttemplesinChina.Itthe9thcentury.A、isdatedfrom B、isdatedbacktoC、wasdatedfrom D、datesbackto4、Thefacthedidn,trecognizememeansthatIalotinthepastfewyears.A、that;changedB、which;hadchangedC、when;changed D、that;havechanged5、Nowadays,alargenumberofwomen,especiallythosefromthecountryside,intheclothingindustry.A、isworkingB、worksC、workD、worked6、Susandecidednottoworkontheprogramathomebecauseshedidn’twantherparentstoknowwhatshe.A、hasdoneB、haddoneC、wasdoing D、isdoing7、Whydidn’tyouturnupatthemeeting?——I foralong-distancecallfrommycousioninEngland.A、waitedB、hadwaitedC、waswaiting D、havebeenwaiting8、Monthsagowesailedtenthousandmilesacrossthisopensea,whichthePacific,andwemetnostorms.A、wascalledB、iscalledC、hadbeencalled D、hasbeencalled9、——We thatyouwouldfixtheradiothisTuesday.——I'mawfullysorry,sir.Itodoso,butyousee,I,vebeentoobusy.A、hadexpected;hadmeantB、expect;wantC、expected;intend D、amexpecting;haveintended10、TheTVplayisn,tinterestingenough.A、towatch B、towatchitC、tobewatched D、watchingLet,sseeifthebaseballgamehasstartedyet.——Started?Itmustbeclearwhobynow.A、iswinningB、winsC、haswonD、wouldwinAreyoustillbusy?——Yes,Imywork,anditwon,ttakelong.A、justfinishB、amjustfinishingC、havejustfinishedD、amjustgoingtofinish13、 Hi,Tracy,youlooktired.——Iamtired.I thelivingroomallday.A、paintedB、hadpaintedC、havebeenpainting D、havepainted14、ThemayorofBeijingsaysthatallconstructionworkfortheBeijingOlympicsby2006.A、hasbeencompletedB、hascompletedC、willhavebeencompleted D、willhavecompleted15、hewillreturntohisnativeland.A、ItislongbeforethatB、ItisbeforelongthatC、Itwon’tbelongbeforeD、Itwillbebeforelongthat16、Hiswifetocatchthefirsttrainbutshewastoolate.A、hoping B、hadhoped C、hashopedD、wouldhope17、Tomsaidhetoher,butheyet.A、willwrite;didn’t B、haswritten;hasn’tC、wasgoingtowrite;wasn’t D、wouldwrite;hasn’t18、Withmoreforestsbeingdestroyed,hugequantitiesofgoodeartheachyear.A、iswashingawayB、isbeingwashedawayC、arewashingawayD、arebeingwashedawayWhat’swrongwithyourleg? Igotinjuredinacaraccident.——Isupposeyoutoofast.A、weredrivingB、haddrivenC、hadbeendrivingD、havedrivenDoesLiuHuaserveinthearmy?——No,buthe inthearmyforthreeyears.A、servedB、hasserved C、isservingD、wouldserveThisreturnedChinesescholarhasbecomeoneofthetopexpertsinthisfield.——Yes,Iknowhimverywell.HeinAfricawithanimalsforeightyears.A、hasworkedB、hadworked C、workedD、hasbeenworking22、Thenaughtyboy!Hewhereheleaveshisthings.A、alwaysforgetsB、willalwaysforgetC、isalwaysforgetting D、hasalwaysforgotten23、Theprice,butIdoubtwhetheritwillremainso.A、wentdownB、willgodown C、hasgonedown D、wasgoingdown24、Thecountrylifehewasusedtogreatlysince1992.A、change B、haschangedC、changingD、havechanged25、 Doyouknowourtownatall?——No.ThisisthefirsttimeIhere.A、wasB、havebeenC、cameD、amcoming26、Rainforestsandburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.A、beingcutB、arecut C、tobecut D、arebeingcut27、 Haveyoubroughtthecamera?——Oh,mypoormemory!Ibeforeleavinghome.A、mentionedB、hadbeenmentionedC、havebeenmentionedD、havementioned28、Nowthatsheisoutofajob,Lucygoingbacktoschool,butshehasn'tde