講義sbr課堂板書以后續(xù)義務來區(qū)分DC和underadefined

IASPastexamquestion:Cate(6/2010【以后續(xù)義務來區(qū)分DC和DB】AsdefinedinIAS19,underadefinedcontributionn,theentitypaysfixedcontributionsintoafundbuthasnolegalorconstructiveobligationtomakefurtherpaymentsifthefunddoesnothavesufficientassetstopayalloftheemployees'entitlementstopost-employmentbenefits.Allotherpost-employmentbenefitnsthatdonotqualifyasadefinedcontributionnare,bydefinitionthereforedefinedbenefitn.【有后續(xù)義務】IAS19indicatesthatCate'snisadefinedbenefitn,asitsnbenefitformulaisnotlinkedsolelytotheamountofcontribution.Accordingtothetermsofthen,otherthanthecontributions,Catemustimmediaypurchaselifetimeannuities,ifitoptstoterminate.【推定義務】Cate'sargumentagainstrecognizingthenisthatitconsidersthentobevoluntary.However,itspastpracticeofpayingbenefitstoitsformeremployeeshascreatedavalidexpectationonthepartoftheemployeesforfuturebenefits.ThereforeCatewouldhaveaconstructiveobligationwherethereisnorealisticalternativebuttopayemployeebenefits.Inconclusion,CateshouldaccountforthenasadefinedbenefitnandrecognizeitsnetpresentobligationinasperIAS19.Pastexamquestion:Alexandra30/4/2011(6/2011AsdefinedinIAS19,underadefinedcontributionn,theentitypaysfixedcontributionsintoafundbuthasnolegalorconstructiveobligationtomakefurtherpaymentsifthefunddoesnothavesufficientassetstopayalloftheemployees'entitlementstopost-employmentbenefits.Thisdefinitionalsoindicatesthat,underdefinedcontributionn,employersarenotexposedtoanyrisks.,remainedwithFirstofall,theinsurancepremiumfortheemployeeisfixedandthebalanceoftherequiredpremiumrestswithAlexandra.Thisisexposingtheentitytochangesinpremiums.Secondly,whenanemployeeleavesAlexandraandtransfershispensiontoanotherfund,Alexandracouldbeliablefororrefundedthedifferencebetweenpensionobligationandentitlement,furtherexposingAlexandratoactuarialrisks.Lastly,asAlexandra'spensionnwasaccountedforasadefinedbenefitnpreviously,andthereisnoindicationofagreementmodificationbetweenAlexandraanditsemployees.Consequently,Alexandrastillhasalegalorconstructiveobligationtopayfurtheramountsiftheinsurerdidnotpayallfutureemployeebenefits.Therefore,thenshouldbeaccountedforasadefinedbenefitIFRSPastexamquestion:Marchant30/4/2014Year(7-3)x8,000x$100x1/3=DrExpsCrOCEYear(7-1)x8,000x$100x2/3=DrExpsCrOCEIFRSPastexamquestion:Africant(Specimen1Q3a【公允價值定義】IFRS13FairValueMeasurementsaysthatfairvalueisanexitpriceintheprincipalmarket,whichisthemarketwiththehighestvolumeandlevelofactivity.【公允價值計量，只考慮成本】Thefairvaluepricemustbeunadjustedfortransactioncosts,butshouldconsidertransportationcosts.BecauseTransactioncostsarenotdeemedtobeacharacteristicofanassetoraliabilitybuttheyarespecifictoatransactionandwilldifferdependingonhowanentityentersintoatransaction.【確定主要市場和公允價值】InAfricant’scase,Asiawouldbetheprincipalmarketwiththehighestsalevolumeofthevehicles.FVofthe150vehiclesshouldbe$5,595,000($38,000-$700=$37,300x150).UnitFVis$37,300【有主要市場的情況下，優(yōu)先選擇主要市場，因為reliableandconsistent】Africantwishestovaluethevehiclesat$39,100(afterallcosts)pervehicleinEuropemarketwhichisthemostadvantageousmarketasthesearethehighestnetproceedspervehicle.ButtheFVprioritiesshouldgivetothepriceinthemostliquidmarketi.etheprincipalmarket)asthismarketprovides1themostreliablepricetodeterminefairvalueandalsoservesto2increaseconsistencyamongreportingentities.Pastexamquestion:Mehran2016/6【物盡其用假設】IFRS13requiresFVofNFAtobemeasuredbasedonitshighestandbestusefromamarketparticipant’s(Buyer).Thehighestandbestusetakesintoaccounttheuseoftheassetwhichisphysicallypossible,legallypermissibleandfinanciallyfeasible.Theusemustnotbelegallyprohibited.IFRS13allowsmanagementtopresumethatthecurrentuseofanassetisthehighestandbestuseunlessmarketorotherfactorssuggestotherwise.InMehran’scase,theagriculturallandappearstohaveanalternativeuseasmarketparticipantshaveconsidereditsalternativeuseforresidentialpurposes.Agriculturaluse,thefairvalueshouldreflectthecoststructuretocontinueoperatingthelandforfarming,includinganytaxcreditswhichcouldberealisedbymarketparticipants.FV=$5+20%*$0·5=$5·1FV=$5+15%*$5=$5.75Residentialuse,thevalueshouldincludeallcostsassociatedwithchangingthelandtothemarketparticipant’sintendeduse.Inaddition,demolitionandothercostsassociatedwithpreparingthelandforadifferentuseshouldbeincludedinthevaluation.Thesecostswouldincludetheuncertaintyrelatedtowhethertheapprovalneededforchangingtheusagewouldbeobtained,becausemarketparticipantswouldtakethatintoaccountwhenpricingvalueofthelandifithadadifferentuse.FV=($7·4–$0·2–$0·3–$0·1)*80%=Auseofanassetneednotbelegalatthemeasurementdate,butitmustnotbelegallyprohibitedinthejurisdiction.Intheabsenceofanyevidencetothecontrary,Mehranshouldvaluethebrandonthebasisofthehighestandbestuse=currentuse$17.ThefairvalueisdeterminedfromtheofamarketparticipantandisnotinfluencedbytheMehran’sdecisiontodiscontinuethebrand.Therefore,thefairvalueofthebrandis$17million.Pastexamquestion:Specimen1Q3aIFRS13requiresFVofNFAtobemeasuredbasedonitshighestandbestusefromamarketparticipant’s(Buyer).Thehighestandbestusetakesintoaccounttheuseoftheassetwhichisphysicallypossible,legallypermissibleandfinanciallyfeasible.Theusemustnotbelegallyprohibited.【法律不是條件，成本是考慮因素，這些也是在解釋Marketprospective】Inthiscase,Africantmgt’sbeliefthatpermissionwaspossibleisnotsufficientevidencetosupportthelegalpermission,ratherthanthefactthat“ hasindicatedthatmoreagriculturallandshouldbereleasedforresidentialpurposes”workingasasideevidenceforFVmeasuredatresidentialuse.Ifadditionalevidencescanbeprovidedasthesupportforthelandtobeincommercialdevelopment,thiswill izethelandvalueasinanalternativeuse.Still,theinfocostofpotentialalternativeshouldnotbetoocostly.Marketparticipants(buyers)shouldthenconsidertheprobabilityandtimingoftheapprovaltobeobtainedandaskAfricanttoprovidesufficientevidencetosupportitsassumptionaboutthepotentialforanalternativeusetoshowwhethertheasset’scurrentuseisthehighestandbestuse.Besides,anycoststotransformtheland,forexample,obtainingnningpermissionorconvertingthelandtoitsalternativeuse,andprofitexpectationsfromamarketparticipant’sshouldalsobeconsideredinthefairvaluemeasurement.notcertainaboutwhatconstitutesthehighestandbestuseofthelandatmeasurementdateasthereareuncertainties,thepresumptionunderIFRS13thatthehighestandbestuseisanasset’scurrentuseappearstobevalidatthisstage.IFRS

OperatingSimilareconomic分銷相Pastexamquestion:Verge(6/2013segmentsarethoseoperatingsegmentsoraggregationsofoperatingsegmentsforwhichsegmentinformationmustbeseparayreported.【相加的條件】Aggregationofoneormoreoperatingsegmentsintoasinglereportablesegmentispermittedbutnotrequired)wherecertainconditionsaremet:12345【客戶不同，S1，S2乘客】S1andS2havedifferentcustomers.S1,thedecisiontoawardorwithdrawalocaltraincontractrestswiththetransportauthorityandnotwiththeendcustomer,thepassenger.S2,incontrast,thedecisiontowithdrawfromarouteintheinter-citytrainmarketwouldnormallyrestwithVergebutwouldbelargelyinfluencedbythepassengers’actionsthatwouldleadtotheroute ingeconomicallyunviable.【獲取收入方式不同，S1toB，S2toC】S1,contractsareawardedfollowingatenderprocess,and,consequently,thereisnoexposuretopassengerrevenuerisk.TheticketpricespaidbypassengersaresetbyatransportauthorityandnotVerge.S2,ticketpricesaresetbyVergeanditsrevenuesare,therefore,thefarespaidbythepassengerstravellingonthetrains.Inthissetofcircumstances,the isexposedtopassengerrevenuerisk.Therefore,theeconomiccharacteristicsofthetwosegmentsaredifferentandshouldbereportedasseparatesegments.Pastexamquestion:Klancet(6/2015【經(jīng)營分部的三個條件】IFRS8statesthatanoperatingsegmentisacomponentofanentitywhichengagesinbusinessactivitiesfromwhichitmayearnrevenuesandincurcosts.Inadditiondiscretefinancialinformationshouldbeavailableforthesegmentandtheseresultsshouldberegularlyreviewedbytheentity’schiefoperatingdecisionmaker(CODM)whenmakingdecisionsaboutresourceallocationtothesegmentandassessingitsperformance.【三個10%】IFRS8alsohascertaintativemeasurestoidentifyasegment,althoughanentitycanreportsegmentinformation