四六級作文考前指導(dǎo)課件

四六級作文考前指導(dǎo)Lecture1StructureLogicTopicsentences從某種意義上來說四六級考試作文有其固定的寫作格式、結(jié)構(gòu)，而對于固定的題型，有固定不變的表達法。因此，大家有理由相信只要訓(xùn)練方法得當(dāng)，搞好寫作是不難的。大家不妨試試多背范文和常用句型，包括各類型作文的開頭、結(jié)尾句、中間展開、過渡句，以及比較、圖表說明等的常用句型和表達法，然后自己多動筆寫一寫，只要按這樣的方法進行練習(xí)，相信在一定時間內(nèi)就可以在寫作上取得滿意的分數(shù)作文的寫作時間為30分鐘，合理的時間安排為10+15+5，前面的10分鐘用來讀題審題

，構(gòu)思并列提綱，接著的15分鐘用來按照提綱寫作，最后5分鐘用來檢查及潤色。合理的時

間安排是寫出優(yōu)秀

作文的必不可少的第一步。①用

恰當(dāng)?shù)倪壿嬙~表現(xiàn)文章的邏輯性。②要注意自然段與主題句的運用，即用自然段表現(xiàn)出文章

的邏輯性，并在每段中用主題句說明要點，給人一目了然的感覺。③要注意句型結(jié)構(gòu)，注意

每句的重心和句與句之間的銜接，使句意一環(huán)扣一環(huán)，避免松散。閱卷老師閱卷一般是從第一段看語言，從第二段看結(jié)構(gòu)。這就要求考生

的作文開頭部分以及每一段的第一句一定要寫得像英文，不要出現(xiàn)任何的拼寫或語法錯誤。要想讓閱卷老師對你的作文試卷有一種賞心悅目的感覺，作文的排版應(yīng)該不多于2/3，不少于1/3，要留有余地，不要將卷面寫得密密麻麻。字體不要過大或過小。字跡要工整。英語四六級寫作的復(fù)習(xí)一、背誦背誦是提高英語綜合能力的法寶，可分為以下5個層次：(1)精彩詞匯，(2)精彩句型，(3)精彩句子，(4)萬能框架，(5)經(jīng)典范文。注意句子和句型不一樣，精彩句子應(yīng)作為單詞來記憶。背誦前，確保自己已充分理解所有內(nèi)容。二、默寫背完經(jīng)典范文后，進行默寫。然后對照原文糾錯，搞清楚錯在什么地方。多數(shù)同學(xué)在寫的時候都會犯小錯誤，如拼寫、單復(fù)數(shù)、大小寫等。這些就是你在寫作中的弱點，也是閱卷老師最不能容忍的地方。培根說過：“Writingmakesanexactman.”(寫作使人精確。)只有默寫下來你才會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己常犯哪些錯誤。三、中譯英中譯英也是提高寫作的好方法。根據(jù)范文的中文譯文，將其按自己的理解譯成英文。譯完后，你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的翻譯和原文有很大差距，這些差距就是取得寫作高分的關(guān)鍵。這時，對照范文，看看原作者是怎么寫的，思考為什么這么寫。同樣的一句中文，范文中使用了哪些詞匯和句型？你使用了哪些詞匯和句型？學(xué)習(xí)范文使用不同的詞匯和句型。通過不斷練習(xí)，你的寫作水平不知不覺就提高了。四、寫作模仿范文寫作新的文章，套用范文的精彩詞匯、句型、句子和框架。最初套用時可能比較生硬，但隨著不斷的積累，組合起來會越來越順手。參考書目新東方背誦200句《妙手著文章——漂亮英文句子的寫作技巧》H315G650《雅思寫作》H315J479各類真題模擬題寫作模板寫作自查語法：

1、主語同動詞單復(fù)數(shù)是否一致？

2、代詞與先行詞是否一致？

3、代詞指代明確嗎？(尤其要注意的是“this”和“that”)

4、修飾詞的位置是否靠近被修飾詞？

5、有沒有懸垂結(jié)構(gòu)或放錯位置的修飾語？

6、動詞的形式同時態(tài)及語態(tài)一致嗎？

7、有沒有逗號重疊的情況？

8、有沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)不完整的句子？

清晰明了邏輯詞tobeginwith,then,furthermore,finallytostartwith,next,inaddition,finallyfirstandforemost,besides,lastbutnotleast主題句Celebritiesastheproducts’spokesmen明星代言現(xiàn)象很普遍。明星代言廣告存在一些問題。我的看法。●審題概述●如今明星代言的現(xiàn)象很普遍，但是明星代言廣告也存在一些問題，本文要求考生結(jié)合實際闡述自己的觀點。第一段，簡要描述明星代言現(xiàn)象很普遍；第二段，指出明星代言廣告存在些問題；第三段，就這一現(xiàn)象，闡述自己的觀點。TopicsentencesProblems:1.howtomakeyourpointclear2.howtomakeyourpointrelated3.howtomakeyoursentencecorrectFirstofall,celebritiesastheproducts’spokesmenmaymisleadtheconsumer.thefunctionorqualityoftheproductmaybeexaggeratedbythecelebrities.Furthermore,celebritiesastheproducts’spokesmenmayincreasethecostoftheproducts.First,theproducerwouldtakeadvantageofthecelebrity’spopularitytocoverthedefectofhisownproduct.Second,thecharmofthespokesmentemptthefanstobuywhattheydon’treallyneedorwant.ConsumerCost,blind,…CelebrityTrustworthy,reputationManufacturerCheat,takeadvantage…sample

CelebritiesastheProducts’SpokesmenInthecontemporarysociety,itisverycommonforcelebrities,ortheso-calledsuperstars,tobespokesmenorrepresentativesforawidevarietyofproducts.Celebrities’advertisementscanbeeasilyfoundontheInternet,televisions,newspapers,magazinesandevenonthewallsofsomebuildings.

Thereare,however,someproblemsforcelebritiesandtheconsumers.Tobeginwith,beforerepresenting,astarmayknownothingabouttheproduct.Thus,consumersmaybemisled.

Evenworse,forthesakeofmoney,somestarsadvertiseforitemswithlowquality,evenforfakecommodities.InthecaseofSanlu,thepublicimageofstarsinvolvedwasspoiled.Lastbutnotleast,thehighincomeofadvertisingdoesnotdeservetheirlabor,whichwidensthegapbetweenthepoorandtherich.

Frommypointofview,itishightimethatmeasuresweretakentoeliminatethedemerits.Firstly,lawsshouldbeworkedouttoregulatecelebrities’advertising.Secondly,starsshouldberequiredtotellthetruthtothepublic.Onlybydoingsocanstarsbetrustedbytheirfansandcanconsumersbenefit.HarmoniousDormitoryLifeinMyMindInthefirstpart,statespecificallywhatyourideais.Inthesecondpart,giveoneortwoexamplestosupportyourideaordescribeyouridea.Inthelastpart,bringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionorasummary.審題KeywordsHarmoniousDormitoryLifeinMyMindOpeningInthefirstpart,statespecificallywhatyourideais.Dormitorylifeisanindispensablepartofcollegelife.Asisknowntoall,aharmoniousdormitorylifeisimportanttocollege

studentsandbenefitsallthemembers.Frommypointofview,weshouldachievethisharmonyasfollows.…Cleanandtidyroom,aswellasmutualunderstanding,Ithink,contributesalottoaharmoniousdormitorylife.Inthesecondpart,giveoneortwoexamplestosupportyourideaordescribeyouridea.Thefirstthingweshouldconcernistocreateafriendlyandwarmenvironmentfordailylife.We’dbetterpaymoreattentiontotherelationswithourroommates.Wemustlearntotolerateeachother.…Lecture2DevelopingsentencesCoherenceSubtopic+supportingideasFirstandforemost,themostimportantthingismutualunderstandingbetweenroommates.Takemyownexperiencesasanexample.Iprefertostayuplatewhilemyroommatesdotheopposite.ThusImakeendeavortoadjustmyscheduletotheirssotheycanhaveasoundsleep.第一次模擬考信息回饋15分30分鐘四級作文CreditCards1。越來越多大學(xué)生使用信用卡，信用卡的優(yōu)點2。信用卡的弊端3。我的看法Atleast120words審題大學(xué)生提綱內(nèi)容分配/文章結(jié)構(gòu)頭輕腳重頭大腳大身子小分段語言詞性Convenient/convenienceSafe/safety—securitySthCostsb.somemoney主謂一致動詞—時態(tài)/搭配基礎(chǔ)單詞拼法/用法背誦邏輯詞不使用使用錯Sample1CreditcardsMoreandmorepeopleincludingcollegestudentschoosetopaywithcreditcardsnowadays.Acreditcardismuchmoreconvenienttocarryaroundcomparedwithcashandcanallowyoutobuythingsonline.Withcreditcards,payinghasneverbeeneasier.Butit’snotalladvantageswhenitcomestousingcreditcards.Creditcards,withthepurchasingfreedomtheywouldgiveyou,cancompelyoutospendmorethanwhatyourbudgetwouldallow.Thiscanhavedisastrousresults,becauseyoumightenduppayingforyourcreditcardbillstherestofyourlifeifyoudon‘tmanagetokeepthatspendinghabitincheck.Inmyopinion,beforedecidingtouseacreditcard,weshouldweighitsprosandcons.Thecreditcardsareweaponsthatcanbeusedforabountifulexistenceoratragicfate.Italldependsonhowyouwieldthesword.Sample2CreditcardsAnincreasingnumberofstudentshaverealizedhowgreatanalternativeacreditcardiswheniscomestopurchasingitemsorprocuringservices.Theydon’thavetocarrycashallthetime—oneoftheseplasticaccountswouldservethesamepurposeasmoney.Besides,payingatthestoreissignificantlyeasierandtakesnoimmediatebiteoutoftheirpocketbooks.Despitealltheconveniencethatcreditcardsbring,therearestillsomethingsthatneedtobeconsideredbeforeyouchoosetopaywithacreditcard.Creditcardsarepronetosecurityissues,especiallywhenitcomestoonlinetransactions.Anyonewhomanagestointerceptthedatafoundonyourcreditcardcaneasilyuseyourlineofcreditfortheirownpurposes.Inmyview,creditcardsarenotnecessitiesforcollegestudents.Withcreditcards,somestudentstendtopurchasegoodsonimpulseandhotheadedpurchasewillleaveaheavyfinancialburdenonthemanddestroythem.Worsestill,iftheyfailtorepaydebtsontime,theirrecordswillbedefinitelyunfavorabletotheminaworldofcredit.主題句的寫作要領(lǐng)：

1．一段一主題。在一個段落里，最好只呈現(xiàn)文章的一個要點并緊緊圍繞這一要點進行寫作。一定要注意不要在一個段落內(nèi)塞入二三個甚至更多的要點，這會使讀者感到困惑，不知本段要側(cè)重陳述什么內(nèi)容。2.主題句最好放在段首。雖說主題句可以放在段首、段中、段末，甚至省略，但對于初學(xué)者而言，一開始就亮出主題句會幫助自己緊扣主旨，不至于跑題。3．最好使用完整句。那些不能表達完整意思的詞組或短語，只能作為句子的一部分，不能擔(dān)當(dāng)段落主題句的大任。4．主題句內(nèi)容要清晰具體。主題句不能模棱兩可，令人迷惑。例如：“Theemphasishasnotalwaysbeenthesame.”這句話就不適合作為段落主題句，因為它主題思想不清晰，可以改為“Theemphasisonproducingwealthandmaintainingahighstandardoflivinghasnotalwaysbeenthesame.”段落開展擴展句是對主題句的延伸和發(fā)展，對主題句的中心思想進行例證、解釋或論證。初學(xué)者尤其要注意兩點：一、擴展句和主題句要意義相關(guān)(unity)；二、擴展句之間要條理清楚，邏輯一致（coherence）。對比法

（1）Goodmannersareimportantinallcountries,butwaysofexpressinggoodmannersaredifferentfromcountrytocountry.（2）Americanseatwithknivesandforks;Japaneseeatwithchopsticks.（3）Americanssay“Hi”whentheymeet;Japanesebow.（4）ManyAmericansopendoorsforwomen;Japanesemendonot.（5）Inallcountries,itisgoodmannerstobehaveconsiderablytowardothersandbadmannersnotto.Itisonlythewayofbehavingpolitelythatdiffersfromcountrytocountry.因果法

（1）Healthisaconditionofwisdom,andasignofcheerfulness.（2）Ifamanisinpoorhealth,hewillhavemanytroublesandsufferagreatdeal.Hehastospendmuchtimeandmoneytogotoahospitalforexaminationsandtreatment.（3）Inaddition,hisrelativesandfriendshavetotakecareofhim.Inthissense,poorhealthbringstroubletoothersaswellastothepatienthimself.（4）Asweknow,happinessandsuccessdependonachievementsandprogress.Goodhealthisoneofthemanyfactorsthatleadtoachievementandsuccess,andthebasisofthemishealth.舉例法

⑴Aforeigner’sfirstimpressionoftheU.S.islikelytobethateveryoneisinarush---oftenunderpressure.⑵Citypeoplealwaysappeartobehurryingtogetwheretheyaregoing,restlesslyseekingattentioninastore,orelbowingothersastheytrytocompletetheirshopping.⑶Racingthroughdaytimemealsispartofthepaceoflifeinthiscountry.Workingtimeisconsideredprecious.Othersinpubliceating-placesarewaitingforyoutofinishsothey,too,canbeservedandgetbacktoworkwithinthetimeallowed.⑷Youalsofinddriverswillbeabruptandpeoplewillpushpastyou.Youwillmisssmiles,briefconversations,andsmallexchangeswithstrangers.⑸Don’ttakeitpersonally.Thisisbecausevaluetimehighly,andtheyresentsomeoneelse“wasting”itbeyondacertainappropriatepoint.擴展句的寫作要領(lǐng)

1．重復(fù)主題句中的關(guān)鍵詞。為了保證擴展句和主題句間意義相關(guān)，對于初學(xué)者而言，比較簡單易行的辦法是反復(fù)點擊主題句中的關(guān)鍵詞。以例3為例，主題句中關(guān)鍵詞是inarush，隨后的擴展句中用到了hurry,race,abrupt,push等詞呼應(yīng)rush，使段落主題渾然一體。為了避免重復(fù)可使用關(guān)鍵詞的同義詞或替換詞性。2．使用排比結(jié)構(gòu)。使用句型結(jié)構(gòu)相似的排比句推進主題，可以增強條理性，是擴展句之間邏輯一致。以例1為例，三個排比句清晰的對比出兩國的禮節(jié)的差異。3．使用過渡詞。擴展句之間的邏輯性可以通過使用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪^渡詞來實現(xiàn)。以例2為例，過渡詞inaddition自然的將兩個擴展句連接起來，意思層層推進，突顯主題句。練習(xí)HowWillOurLifeGoonwithoutInternet?網(wǎng)絡(luò)提供給了人們豐富多彩和便捷的生活很多人開始感覺離開網(wǎng)絡(luò)寸步難行你對網(wǎng)絡(luò)依賴癥的看法TheInternethasdrawntheworldclosertogether,realizedcountlessincredibledreams,andprovidedmodernpeoplewithagreatmanyconveniencesandabrilliantlife.Today,manypeoplesimplyfeeltheycannotlivewithouttheInternet.Inmyview,thepoweroftheInternetisallpervasive,yetitsmanynegativeeffectsarealreadyvisible.Today,manypeoplesimplyfeeltheycannotlivewithouttheInternet.舉例法Governmentspublishtheirlatestpoliciesanddecisionsonlineforworldwiderecognition.Politicalcampaignsareoftendoneonlinetogainwiderpublicsupport.CompaniesandenterprisesresorttotheInternetformorebusinessopportunitiesandpotentialcustomershomeandabroad.UniversitiesandresearchersturntotheInternetifthey’dseekinternationalcooperationorfunding.Commonfolkslikeusalsorelyonthecyberworldinvariousways,forcommunication,entertainment,bankingandshopping.Lecture3Sentences句子寫法背誦/模仿/造句寫作背誦200句零散短句

---精彩累加，變化是真TheWestLakeisoneofthescenicplacesinChina.Itlooksitsbestinspringtime.Manyforeigntouristsareattractedbyit.TheWestLake，oneofthescenicplacesinChina，looksitsbestinspringtime.Manyforeigntouristsareattractedbyit.請運用介詞短語、分詞短語、同位語短語做下面聯(lián)句練習(xí)：1.Hedidn’twritetheletterhimself.2.Heaskedhisfriendtodoit.3.Insteadofwritingtheletterhimself,heaskedhisfriendtodoit.1.Fordproducescheapercars2.FordalsosuppliesAmericanswithbetteronesyearafteryear.3.Besidesproducingcheapercars,FordalsosuppliesAmericanswithbetteronesyearafteryear.1.Dogsareableandwillingtolearnawidevarietytasks.2.Theyareintelligentanddevotedtotheirowner.3.Dogsareableandwillingtolearnawidevarietytasksbecauseoftheirintelligenceanddevotiontotheirowners.用并列結(jié)構(gòu)做下面聯(lián)句練習(xí)：1.Themoonwashiddenentirelybehindthedarkclouds.2.Notasinglestarcouldbeseen.3.Themoonwashiddenentirelybehindthedarkcloudsandnotasinglestarcouldbeseen.用從句把下列各組句子聯(lián)成一個句子：1.WaldenPondisnowthesiteofmanytouristsstands.2.WaldenPondwasoncepraisedbyThoreauforitsnaturalbeauty.3.WaldenPond,whichisnowthesiteofmanytouristsstands,wasoncepraisedbyThoreauforitsnaturalbeauty.WaldenPond,whichwasoncepraisedbyThoreauforitsnaturalbeauty,isnowthesiteofmanytouristsstands.1.Physicsisofferedonlyinthemorning.2.Chemistrycanbetakenatnight.3.Physicsisofferedonlyinthemorningwhilechemistrycanbetakenatnight.1.TheChineseArtEnsemblewastoperformherethatnight.2.Thenewscheeredeveryoneofus.3.ThenewsthattheChineseArtEnsemblewastoperformherethatnightcheeredeveryoneofus.寫作200句翻譯練習(xí)善用抽象名詞WhentheWhiteHousescandalbroke,manysaidtheyhadrespectforwhatthepresidentsymbolizesbutnotthePresidenthimself.WhentheWhiteHousescandalbroke,manysaidtheyhadrespectforthePresidencybutnotthePresidenthimself.Thegirlsuddenlybecamefrightenedandfledtothecastle,whichmadeherfeelsafe.Thegirlsuddenlybecamefrightenedandfledtothesafetyofthecastle.變換動詞Shewasusinghertoweltodryherhairwhenhersonrushedinwithoutevenknockingthedoor.Shewastowelingherhairdrywhenhersonbargedin.Sheaskedmetositdown,tookaseatherself,andwentontolighthercigarette.Shemotionedmetoachair,seatedherself,andwentontolighthercigarette.In1886,thevillageagainhadadisputeovertaxesandlanddistribution.In1886,adisputeovertaxesandlanddistributionflaredupagaininthevillage.題目分類對比選擇型1)Advantage/disadvantage（AmajorAdvantage/disadvantageofadvertisingontelevision)2）A/BSavingmoneyorusingtomorrow’smoney3)Yes/noIsitwisetomakefriendsonline?自由發(fā)揮型MyideaMyideaofauniversityartfestivalThebestwayThebestwaytostayhealthy給定觀點型TheimportanceofkeepingagoodmoodWaysofDealingwithCulturalDifferences自由發(fā)揮型HarmoniousDormitoryLifeinMyMind自由發(fā)揮型WilltheInternetisolateusformoneanother?對比選擇型(3)Yes/noHowcantheUseofPrivateMotorVehiclesbereduced?自由發(fā)揮型段落開展對比1.Theadvantagefaroutweighthedisadvantages.

2.TheadvantagesofAaremuchgreaterthanthoseofB.

3.AmaybepreferabletoB,butAsuffersfromthedisadvantagesthat……

4.Itisreasonabletomaintainthat……butitwouldbefoolishtoclaimthat……

5.Forallthedisadvantages,ithasitscompensatingadvantages.

6.Likeanythingelse,ithasitsfaults.

7.AandBhasseveralpointsincommon.

8.AbearssomeresemblancestoB.

9.However,thesameisnotapplicabletoB.

10.AandBdifferinseveralways.

11.Evidently,ithasbothnegativeandpositiveeffects.

12.Peopleusedtothink……,butthingsaredifferentnow.

13.ThesameistrueofB.

14.WonderingasAis,ithasitsdrawbacks.

15.ItistruethatA……,butthechieffaults（obviousdefects）are……

句式--長句型

（1）Thisis,saysLuban,adesk.(簡單句中加上插入語)

（2）Toacertainextent,youcanbeagoodteacher.(簡單句前面加上程度狀語)

（3）Ratherthandecreasing,thepopulationinChinaisincreasing.

(簡單句前面加上分詞短語)

（4）Withskilledworkers,wecouldaccomplishthetaskwithinthedeadline;withoutproficientworkers,wewouldhavetogiveuphalfway.(排比句型增加句子可讀性)

（5）Acaseinpointismyneighbor,wholostbothlegsinatrafficaccident.(舉例子方法)

（6）AccordingtoarecentsurveymadebyprofessorWang,headofsocialdepartmentinPekingUniversity,90%ofthepeopleacrossthecountryaresufferingfromtheproblem.

(舉例子方法)

（7）WiththerapidadvancesinthestandardoflivingoftheChinesepeopleinrecentyears,airconditionershavejoinedotherhouseholdelectricalappliancesasitems.(舉例子方法)

（8）isusuallythefirsttobeconsidered,butitisnotthemostimportant.Themostimportantaspectofthephenomenonhasmuchtodowith.Itisinthisareathat

findthemselveshavingtofacemanyconfusingandconflictingfeelings.(經(jīng)典原因段)

（9）Basically,whatweseeinthispicture/reallymattersisabirdlamentingthefactthatitshomehasbeendestroyed.(主語從句描述現(xiàn)象)

（10）Thereisnodenyingthatautomobilesareindicationsofcivilization,progressanddevelopment;nevertheless,automobilescausetheseriousproblemofairpollution.(名詞性從句引出觀點)LearningfromExperienceorfrombooksTherehasbeenmuchtalkrecentlyaboutwhetherweshouldlearnfrombooksorweshouldlearnfromexperience.Somepeoplethinkthatlearningfromexperienceismoreimportantwhileothersholdthedifferentopinions.Personally,Isidewiththeformer,inthebeliefthatexperienceisthebestteacher.Admittedly,learningfrombooks,asadvocatedbymany,hasitsactiveroletoplayinouracademiclife.Itcanputusintouchwiththegreatmindsandarmourheadswithmassiveknowledge.However,therearenumerousmeritsforlearningfromexperience，too.Firstthingsfirst,experienceisthesourceofknowledgeandunderstandingaswellasmeaning.Nowherecantheimportanceoflearningfromexperiencebedescribedsovividlyandaccuratelyasintheoldsaying-“Nothingeverbecomesrealtillitisexperienced”.Takethehumanprogressasanillustration.Datingbacktohundredsofthousandsyearsago,wehumanbeingswereutterlyignorant.Butbyincessantpractices,ourancestorscumulatedmassiveexperience,fromwhichtheyacquiredagreatamountofknowledge,transformingourworldfromaprimitivesocietyintoahighly-developedone.Second,unlikethetheoriesrecordedinbooks,experiencescanapplytopracticaluse.Whenweareatwork,whatweneedistheexperienceofpracticalapplicationinsteadoftheabstracttheoriesinourbooks.Takingalltheseintoaccount,wecandrawaconclusionthatlearningfromexperienceismoreimportantthanlearningfrombooks.AlwaysremembertheoldsayinggivenbyEinstein——“Theonlysourceofknowledgeisexperience.”例文2Isitpossibletotellwhetherthelefthandismoreusefulthanistherightone?Itwouldberidiculoustoarguethatknowledgegainedfromexperienceoutweighsthatgainedfrombooks.Infact,botharevitalinhumanlearning.Learningfrombooksandlearningfromexperiencearejusttwohandsofahumanandtwowingsofabird.Eachplaysarole.

Learningfrombooksisoneofthemostprevailingmeansadoptedinschoolsanduniversitiesworldaroundforspreadingknowledge.Comparedwithlearningfromexperience,learningfrombooksarewiderinrangeanddeeperincontents.Thisisevident.Foritisimpossibleforthecontemporarypeopletoexperiencethosehappenedinthepast,peopleonlycanlearnknowledgeaboutthepastthroughreadingdocuments,books,andotherwrittenmaterials.Historyandarcheologydependsheavilyonlearningfrombooks.

Besidesthelimitationoftime,spacerestrictionsalsomakeitimperativethatpeople