大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)歸納總結(jié)（必備）

22/23大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)歸納總結(jié)（必備）1.兼有兩種形式的副詞4.6兼有兩種形式的副詞1)close與closelyclose意思是"近";closely意思是"仔細(xì)地"Heissittingclosetome.Watchhimclosely.2)late與latelylate意思是"晚";lately意思是"最近"Youhavecometoolate.Whathaveyoubeendoinglately?3)deep與deeplydeep意思是"深"，表示空間深度;deeply時(shí)常表示感情上的深度，"深深地"Hepushedthestickdeepintothemud.Evenfatherwasdeeplymovedbythefilm.4)high與highlyhigh表示空間高度;highly表示程度，相當(dāng)于muchTheplanewasflyinghigh.Ithinkhighlyofyouropinion.5)wide與widelywide表示空間寬度;widely意思是"廣泛地"，"在許多地方"Heopenedthedoorwide.Englishiswidelyusedintheworld.6)free與freelyfree的意思是"免費(fèi)";freely的意思是"無(wú)限制地"Youcaneatfreeinmyrestaurantwheneveryoulike.Youmayspeakfreely;saywhatyoulike.2.指示代詞指示代詞概說(shuō)表示"這個(gè)"、"那個(gè)"、"這些"、"那些"等指示概念的代詞叫做指示代詞。指示代詞有：this這個(gè)，that那個(gè)，these這些，those那些，it那個(gè)，這個(gè)，Such如此的，如此的事物，same同樣的，同樣的事物。指示代詞this，these，that，those在句中的功用指示代詞this，these，that，those在句中的用法相當(dāng)于名詞和形容詞，可用作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。如：Thisisaplane，這是一架飛機(jī)。(作主語(yǔ))Oh，it’snotthat.噢，問(wèn)題不在那兒。(作表語(yǔ))Howdoyoulikethese你喜歡這些嗎(作賓語(yǔ))ThisbookisaboutChinesetraditionalmedicine.這是一本關(guān)于中醫(yī)的書(shū)。(作定語(yǔ))指示代詞ins，these，that，those的其它用法1)This(these)常用來(lái)指在時(shí)間或空間上較近的事物，that(those)則常用來(lái)指時(shí)間或空間上較遠(yuǎn)的事物。如：Thisisasickleandthatisanaxe.這是一把鐮刀，那是一把斧子。Thesedaysarecold.這些天很冷。Inthosedaysthepoorpeoplehadahardtime.在那些日子里，窮人生活很苦。2)有時(shí)that和those指前面講到過(guò)的事物，this和these則指下面將要講到的事物。如：Ihadabadcold.That’swhyIdidn’tcome.我傷風(fēng)很厲害，所以我沒(méi)有來(lái)。Thosetwostatementsarenottrue.那兩種說(shuō)法是不真實(shí)的。WhatIwanttosayisthis：PronunciationisveryimportantinlearningEnglish.我所要說(shuō)的是：語(yǔ)音在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中非常重要。chairmanMaohonouredLinHulanwiththesewords："AgreatlifeAgloriousdeath"毛主席用下面的話(huà)表彰劉胡蘭："生的偉大，死的光榮。"3)有時(shí)為了避免重復(fù)提到過(guò)的名詞，?？捎胻hat或those代替。如：TheclimateofshenyangisjustasgoodasthatofBeijing.沈陽(yáng)的氣候跟北京的一樣好。(that代替climate)Thecounty’sgrainoutputof1981wasdoublethatof1970.這個(gè)縣1987年的糧食產(chǎn)量比1980年增加一倍。(that代替grainoutput)TelevisionsetsmadeinNanjingarejustasgoodasthosemadeinShanghai.南京出產(chǎn)的電視機(jī)和上海的一樣好。(those代替televisionsets)4)This和that有時(shí)作狀語(yǔ)用，表示"程度"，意謂"這么"和"那么"。如：Thebookisaboutthisthick.那本書(shū)大約有這么厚。Idon’twantthatmuch.我不要那么多。It指人時(shí)亦用作指示代詞。指示代詞it在漢語(yǔ)中不必譯出。如：Whoisit――it’sme.是誰(shuí)--是我。Oh,it’syou，LaoWang.哦，是你呀，老王。3.從句中的省略在以as,than,when,if,unless等引導(dǎo)的從句中的省略:在有些狀語(yǔ)從句中,如果謂語(yǔ)包含有動(dòng)詞be,主語(yǔ)又和主句的主語(yǔ)一致a),或者主語(yǔ)是itb),就常?？梢园褟木渲械闹髡Z(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的一部分(特別是動(dòng)詞be)省略掉.Lookoutforcarswhencrossingthestreet.Whentakenaccordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffects.Whiletherehejoinedinvoluntarylabouronaproject.Althoughnotyetsixmonthsold,shewasabletowalkwithoutsupport.Ifnotwellmanaged,irrigationcanbeharmful.Thoughreducedinnumbers,theygainedinfightingcapacity.Thisviewpoint,howeverunderstandable,iswrong.Enemies,oncediscovered,weretightlyencircledandcompletelywipedout.Shehurriedlylefttheroomasthough/ifangry.Sheworkedextremelyhardthoughstillratherpoorinhealth.Fillintheapplicationasinstructed.Wheneverknown,suchfactsshouldbereported.Thedocumentswillbereturnedassoonassigned.Hesaidthatnoacrobatcouldeverperformthosedaringfeatsunlesstrainedveryyoung.Oncehavingmadeapromise,youshouldkeepit.IfnecessaryI’llhavetheletterduplicated.Fillintheblankswitharticleswhere(ver)necessary.Ifpossible,Ishouldliketohavetwocopiesofit.Asscheduled,theymetonJanuary20attheChineseEmbassy.在以thana)或asb)引起的從句中,常會(huì)有一些成分省略.Hetoldmenottousemorematerialthan(itis)necessary.Weshouldthinkmoreofthecollectivethanofourselves.Theyworkedwithasmuchenthusiasmasyoungpeople(did).Heisnowavice-manager,butstilloftenworksinthekitchenasbefore.Theirtrainingisfree,asisalleducation.Wewill,asalways,standonyourside.錯(cuò)誤的省略HislifeisasfullycommittedtobooksasanyoneIknow.Whilestandingthereinhernightgown,twobulletsstruckthewallbesideher.一致如果主語(yǔ)是單數(shù),盡管后面跟有with,togetherwith,aswellas,asmuchas,nolessthan,morethan等引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍舊用單數(shù)形式.Terry,alongwithherfriend,goesskatingeverySaturday.Anexpert,togetherwithsomeassistants,wassenttohelpinthiswork.Thecaptain,aswellasthecoaches,wasdisappointedintheteam.4.語(yǔ)法用法辨析：不定代詞both,either和neither英語(yǔ)四級(jí)語(yǔ)法用法辨析：不定代詞both,either和neither的用法both,either和neither：這幾個(gè)代詞部談兩者的情況：both表示“兩者都……”，either表示“兩者中隨便哪一個(gè)(都……)”，neither表示“兩者中哪個(gè)都不……”。它們可以用作：1)主語(yǔ)：Both(ofthem)aregood.(它們)兩個(gè)都很好。Either(ofthetwobooks)willdo.(兩本書(shū))隨便哪一本都可以。Neither(oftheanswers)iscorrect.(兩個(gè)回答)哪一個(gè)都不對(duì)。2)賓語(yǔ)：I'lltakeboth(ofthem)withme.兩個(gè)我全帶去。Youmaytakeeitherwithyou.(兩者)你可以隨便帶哪個(gè)去。Iagreewithneitherofyou.你們兩人的話(huà)我都不同意。3)定語(yǔ)(在這樣用時(shí)，有的字典標(biāo)作形容詞，有的標(biāo)作限定詞)：Both(the)seatsaretaken.兩個(gè)座位都有人占了。Youmaytakeeitherroad.兩條路你走哪一條都行。Therearetreesonneitherside.兩邊都沒(méi)有樹(shù)。both還可用作同位語(yǔ)：YouandIarebothtoblame.我們兩人都有錯(cuò)。Theybothagreedtostay.兩人都同意留下。either...or和neither...nor可起連詞作用：Sheknewthismuchbeeitherawhaleoraship.她知道這不是一條鯨魚(yú)就是一條船。Hehadneitherwifenorchildren.他既沒(méi)有妻子也沒(méi)有兒女。5.語(yǔ)四級(jí)語(yǔ)法與句型1."morethan+動(dòng)詞"結(jié)構(gòu)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)表示動(dòng)詞的程度，可譯為"異常"，"豈止"，"十二分地"等。Thismorethansatisfiedme.2."goodand…"的副詞用法，譯為"非常"，"很"等。類(lèi)似還有"niceand…","fineand…,""lovelyand…","brightand…","rareand…","bigand…"等，均表示程度。Theapplesaregoodandripe.3."andthat"結(jié)構(gòu)，這個(gè)"andthat"應(yīng)譯為"而且……"，表示對(duì)它前面陳述部分的語(yǔ)氣加強(qiáng)，"that"代表前面的整個(gè)陳述部分。Returntoyourwork,andthatatonce.4."atonce…and"結(jié)構(gòu)，這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)譯為"既……又……"，起相關(guān)連接的作用，相當(dāng)于"both…and…"。Thenovelisatoncepleasingandinstructive.5."inthat…"結(jié)構(gòu)，這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)的意思是"在那一點(diǎn)上(方面)"，可譯為"因?yàn)?。類(lèi)似的結(jié)構(gòu)還有"inthis…"。Thebudgetisunrealisticinthatitdisregardsincreasedcosts.6."thenamenotwithstanding"結(jié)構(gòu)，這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中"notwithstanding"是介詞，這個(gè)介詞可以置前，可以置后，比如也可寫(xiě)成："notwithstandingthename"。起讓步狀語(yǔ)的作用。Somepeoplethinlofthestrogebatteryasasortofcondenserwhereelectricityisstored.Butthisisanentirelywrongconception,thenamenotwithstanding.7."Every…not"和"All…not"結(jié)構(gòu)，"Every…not"表示"不見(jiàn)得每個(gè)……都是……";"All…not"表示"不見(jiàn)得所有……都是……"的意思。Everymanisnotpolite,andallarenotborngentlemen.8."mayaswellnot…as"結(jié)構(gòu)，此結(jié)構(gòu)可譯為"與其……不如不……"。Onemayaswellnotknowathingatallasknowitbutimperfectly.9."haveonlyto…do"結(jié)構(gòu)，此結(jié)構(gòu)表示"只須(消)……就能……"的意思。WehaveonlytoturntothatextraordinarydiscoverymadebyEdisontoseethesignificanceofit.10."not(no)…unless…"句型Noincreaseinoutputcanbeexpectedunlessanewassemblylineisinstalled.6.考點(diǎn)歸納：unsocial/happento考點(diǎn)歸納：happentoIhappentohaveanextracopy.四級(jí)詞匯講解:該句主要需要注意兩個(gè)考點(diǎn)，一個(gè)是happento，另一個(gè)是copy?！鵫appento表示“剛好”，即意料之外的情況。如:MyfriendsandIhappentofindanewandniceChineserestaurant.我和朋友們碰巧發(fā)現(xiàn)了一家新開(kāi)張的中餐館，還不錯(cuò)。※anextracopy給考生帶來(lái)的困惑主要由copy引起。copy通常被當(dāng)做動(dòng)詞使用，意為“復(fù)制”，但它也可以指文字材料——如書(shū)籍或筆記等的復(fù)印本。因此，本句中的anextracopy指的是“額外的一本/份/冊(cè)”。英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考點(diǎn)歸納：與happento形式相似的句式sth.happenstosb.的含義為“某人發(fā)生了什么事情”。如:Whathappenstoyourbodyifyoustopsmokingrightnow?要是你現(xiàn)在戒煙的話(huà)，你的身體會(huì)發(fā)生什么變化呢?考點(diǎn)歸納：unsocialSoIhavetoworkveryunsocialhours.四級(jí)詞匯講解:該句聽(tīng)力的難點(diǎn)在于對(duì)veryunsocialhours的理解。unsocial本義為“不合群的”，在此指“超過(guò)正常工作日的”，因此unsocialhours指“非正常工作時(shí)間”，該短語(yǔ)前的very用以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，可理解為“正是，就是”。英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考點(diǎn)歸納:聽(tīng)力中常見(jiàn)的有關(guān)work的短語(yǔ)還有:※workon意為“致力于”。如:I'mworkingonanewprogramme.我正忙著做一個(gè)新項(xiàng)目?！鵺orkout意為“計(jì)算出;理解;鍛煉”。如:Moststudentscanworkouttheanswer。大多數(shù)學(xué)生都能算出答案。Thetheoryistoocomplicatedformetoworkout.這個(gè)理論太復(fù)雜了，我無(wú)法理解。IguessIamhealthierthanher,eventhoughIdon'trunorworkout.我覺(jué)得我比她健康，雖然我不跑步，也不去健身。7.語(yǔ)法詞匯練習(xí)題及解析1.Thiskindofmedicinehasthepowerto_______poison.A.splashB.resistC.adoptD.occupy2.Heiseasily_______soIdonotliketotalkwithhim.A.defendedB.affordedC.createdD.offended3.Iam_______tobelievethathewon'tcomebacktoseehiswifeagain.A.inclinedB.puzzledC.accompaniedD.performed4.Beforeyoumailthisletter,youshouldcheckagainwhetheryouhave_______itornot.A.sunkB.sighedC.soughtD.sealed5.Aftertalkingfornearlytenhours,he_______tothegovernment'spressureatlast.A.expressedB.yieldedC.decreasedD.approved6.Myhandsandfeetwere________withcoldasIwaitedforthebus.A.cliffB.stillC.stiffD.stick7.Thisproblemisbeyondhisabilityandhecannot________it.A.slipB.packC.gainD.solve8.Whenyoubuythesparepartsforyourcar,trytogetthe_______onesfromtheauthorizeddealer.A.genuineB.generousC.geniusD.gentle9.Ifyouuse_______,youcangetahigherqualitypicture.A.waxB.shameC.gooseD.slides10.Who_______thiscountry,thepeopleorthepresident?Thisquestionisnoteasytoanswer.A.frightensB.differsC.displaysD.governs解析：1.B2.D3.A4.D5.B6.C7.D8.A9.D10.D11.Thislightshelfisstrongenoughto_______allthebookshere.A.wipeB.waxC.surveyD.sustain12.The_______CourtisthehighestcourtintheUnitedStates.A.VitalB.ThunderC.ReverseD.Supreme13.Ouruniversityhasaninternationalstudentexchange_______withtheUniversityofWyomingintheUnitedStates.A.processionB.provisionC.professionD.program14.He________ofmethebestwaytogo.A.investigatedB.inquiredC.frightenedD.resorted15.Mr.Whitetriedto_______thisjobthroughtheinfluenceeofhisfather.A.harnessB.fetchC.curseD.obtain16.Thepolicedogfinallyfoundthe_______oftheprisonersofwar.A.steepB.resolutionC.porterD.trail17.Astheonly_______inthesmallvillage,henotonlyfixedthefurniturebutalsomadefurnitureforthevillagers.A.symbolB.sourceC.panD.carpenter18.Abigcrowdgatheredaroundthebus,almost_______thetraffic.A.affectingB.blockingC.creatingD.mating19.AsfarasIsee,thisbookhasitsown_______.A.meritB.signalC.visibleD.swift20.Thistreeistoo_______tobeplantedinthisarea.A.tremendousB.vigorousC.shyD.tender解析：11.D12.D13.D14.B15.D16.D17.D18.B19.A20.D21.Youshouldkeepcalmduringyour_______test.Donotbenervous.A.oralB.platformC.rudeD.shield22.Ourguidegaveusadetailed_______ofthispaintingbutwestilldonotunderstand.A.authorityB.interpretationC.instructionD.institution23.Our_______isLondon.ButtheplanetookustoParis.A.departureB.donkeyC.destinationD.discount24.Generallyspeaking,thereisalwaysageneration_______ineverycountry.A.gapB.breakC.globeD.equality25.Carefulplanningandhardworkwill_______ourfinalsuccess.A.encloseB.ensureC.dischargeD.deny26.He_______tohisroommateforbeingsorudeyesterday.A.worriedB.doubtedC.apologizedD.dissolved27.Whenyoutakeapicture,youshould_______carefullytogetasharppicture.A.focusB.objectC.preserveD.fix28.TheChinesefoodintheUnitedStatesisusually_______forAmericanpeople.A.exchangedB.alteredC.modifiedD.cooked29.Thereare_______approachestoEnglishteaching.ButnotallofthemareequallyefficientforourChinesestudents.A.doubleB.jointC.orginateD.diverse30.Hehasabadimpressionofhis_______intheoffice.A.colleaguesB.bulletsC.barbersD.audience解析：21.A22.B23.C24.A25.B26.C27.A28.C29.D30.A31.Thedoctors_______themedicinestothepeopleintheflood