2022-2023學年湖南省益陽市安化縣高一（下）期末英語試卷（含解析）

第=page11頁，共=sectionpages11頁2022-2023學年湖南省益陽市安化縣高一（下）期末英語試卷一、閱讀理解（本大題共15小題，共37.5分）AThebestfestivalsinAugustEdinburghFestivalFringe

TheEdinburghFestivalFringeisthelargestartsfestivalintheworld.In2018，thefestivallasted25days，including55，000performancesof3，548showsin317places.Thefestivalstartedin1947.ForaroundthreeweeksinAugust，thecityofEdinburghwelcomesalargenumberofartistsandperformersaroundtheglobe.Anyonecanjoininwiththeperformanceoftheirchoice.

WildernessFestival

WildernessFestivaltakesplaceinoneoftheoldestwoodsinEngland.Takingplacefourdaysinnature，peoplewillexperiencemusic，comedy，theatre，anddancefromSadler'sWells.Allthecampsites（野營地）aremadetoorderfordifferentneeds，includingfamilycamping.

NottingHillCarnival

NottingHillCarnivaltakesplaceonthestreetsofNottingHillinLondon，EnglandineachAugustlastingovertwodays.Attractingaroundonemillionpeopleeachyear，it'soneofthebiggeststreetfestivalsintheworld.Happeningsince1966，NottingHillCarnivalisanessentialculturalexperienceinLondon.

LaTomatina

Eachyear，theValenciantownofBunolgetschangedintoaredmessaslocalsandtouriststaketothestreetsandthrowtomatoesateachother，allforfun.Thistomatofestivalhasbeenhappeningsince1945andisheldonthelastWednesdayofAugusteachyear.1.Whichfestivallaststhelongest？______A.WildernessFestival. B.NottingHillCarnival.

C.LaTomatina. D.EdinburghFestivalFringe.2.WhatcanpeopledoduringtheWildernessFestival？______A.Buyhandmadetents.

B.Dancewithfamousstars.

C.Experiencewildernessadventures.

D.Choosespeciallyofferedcampsites.3.WhatisspecialaboutLaTomatina？______A.Itisheldfortourists. B.Itisafoodfightfestival.

C.Ittakesplaceonthestreets. D.Itlimitsthecolorofclothes.BToniMorrisonwasanAmericanwritewhoreceivedtheNobelPrizeinLiterature.HernovelsBeloved，SongofSolomonandothersexploredthewayAfrican-Americanssearchforfreedomandidentityinacountryobsessed（受困擾的）withskincolor.Morrisonwasnearly40whenshepublishedherfirstnovelTheBluestEyein1970.TheNobelPrizecommitteedescribedherwritingaslanguageitself，alanguageshewantstoliberatefromrace.HernovelsdiscussedAmerica'spast，focusingonblackhistoryandtheeffectsofslaveryandracism.Shecalledhercharacters"theunfreeattheheartofthedemocratic（民主的）experiment".

In1988，shewonthePulitzerPrizeforhernovelBeloved，thestoryofamotherwhokillsherbabydaughterratherthanpermithertobebornintoslavery.Itbecameabest-sellerandwaslatermadeintoafilmwithOprahWinfrey.ManyAmericansadmiredherasthecountry'sgreatestlivingwriter，includingformerPresidentBarackObama.

Shewasbornin1931.SheattendedHowardUniversity，anall-blackuniversityinWashington，D.C.AtHoward，shereadAfrican，BritishandAmericanliterature，includingwritersWilliamFaulknerandVirginiaWoolf.Afterashortmarriage，shebecameasinglemotheroftwosonsandworkedasabookeditorinNewYork.

SeveralpublishersrejectedherfirstbookTheBluestEyebutitimpressedTheNewYorkTimes'bookcriticJohnLeonard，whobelievedMorrisonwasanimportantnewvoice.Hesaidherwritingwas"sochargedwithpainandwonderthatthenovelbecomespoetry".

MorrisonenjoyedherliteraryfameandwasproudofherNobelPrizewonin1993.4.WhatcanwelearnaboutToniMorrisonfromthetext？______A.SheoftencommunicatedwithWilliamFaulkner.

B.Morrison'snovelsconcentratedonblackhistoryandracism.

C.Morrisonwasabout40whenshereceivedtheNobelPrize.

D.Sheattendedauniversitywhichacceptedbothwhiteandblackpeople.5.WhydoesthemotherinthenovelBelovedkillherbaby？______A.Itisborntobeadisabledbaby.

B.Shehassomementalproblems.

C.Shedoesn'twantittobecomeaslave.

D.Thefamilyistoopoortoraisethebaby.6.HowdidBarackObamalikeMorrison？______A.Hecouldn'tthinkhighlyofherenough.

B.Heconsideredherasacommonwriter.

C.Hefeltthathernovelswerenotsofascinating.

D.Hebelievedhernovelshadsomeroomforimprovement.7.WhichbookwasrejectedbyseveralpublishersbutleftadeepimpressiononJohnLeonard？______A.SongofSolomon. B.Beloved.

C.TheNewYorkTimes. D.TheBluestEye.CIwasbornandraisedinEnglandinaculturewhereprivacyand"keepingyourselftoyourself"werevaluedtraditions.Speakingtostrangerswasnotencouraged.Peopleweremosthospitable（好客的）andfriendly—butonlyoncetheyhadbeenintroducedtonewpeople.

However，IhavebeenluckyenoughtospendsometimeinbothItalyandtheUS，whereIfoundtraditionsofhospitalityandpolitenesstobeverydifferent.

IexperiencedItalianhospitalityfirst-handonacrowdedrailwaycarriagetraveling，oneafternoon，fromGenoatoFlorence.Sinkinggratefullyintoanemptyseat，Iwasberated（斥責）inrapidItalianbyagentlemanwhowasreturningtothisseat—ithadnotbeen"spare"afterall.IapologizedinEnglish，andgotuptoallowhimbackintotheseat.ThegentlemanobviouslyhadnounderstandingoftheEnglishlanguage，buthe，too，realizedmygenuinemistake.Hesmiledandgesturedformetoremainintheseat，andhehimselfremainedstandinginthecorridorfortherestofthejourney.Theotherpassengersofthecarriagesmiledandnoddedatmeandmademefeelquitewelcomeamongstthem.IfeelthatifthishadbeeninEngland，aforeignerwhomadeamistakewouldnotalwaysbesokindlytreated.

TransportwasalsoobviousinthedifferencesInoticedbetweenEnglishandAmericanculture.IflewtoNewYorkonaplanewithmainlyEnglishpassengers.Wesattogetherinnearsilence.Nobodyspoketomenor，asIexpected，toanyoneelsetheydidnotknow.Theyfeltitwasnotpolitetodisturbsomeoneelse'sprivacy.However，whenItraveledacrosstheUnitedStates，whetherbyplaneorGreyhoundbus，Iwasnevershortofconversation.Conversationwasgoingonallaroundmeandwhoeversatnexttomewashappytointroducethemselvesandaskmeaboutmyself，whichwasusuallyapleasantwaytokilltime.Theyobviouslyfeltitwouldhavebeenrudenottospeaktoanotherperson，whethertheywerestrangersornot.8.WhatdoweknowaboutthepassengersofthecarriagewhentheauthorwastravellinginItaly？______A.Theywereallonthesideofthegentleman.

B.Theyalllaughedattheauthorforthismistake.

C.Theyallshowedtheirunderstandingoftheauthor'smistake.

D.Theywouldnotbearamistakeliketheauthor'sinpublic.9.Accordingtothelastparagraph，Englishpassengerssatinnearsilencebecause______.A.theyweretootiredtospeak

B.theyareshortoftopicstotalkabout

C.theywereallstrangerstoeachother

D.privacywasavaluedtraditioninEngland10.Thepurposeoftheauthoristotellus______.A.histravelingexperiences

B.howtoadaptourselvestoanewculture

C.thecultureshockheexperiencedinItalyandtheUS

D.culturaldifferencesinhospitalityandpoliteness11.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsAmerican'straditionsofhospitalityandpoliteness？______A.Approving. B.Confused. C.Negative. D.Disapproving.DCaliforniahaslosthalfitsbigtreessincethe1930s，accordingtoastudytobepublishedTuesdayandclimatechangeseemstobeamajorfactor.

Thenumberoftreeslargerthantwofeetacrosshasdeclinedby50percentonmorethan46，000squaremilesofCaliforniaforests，thenewstudyfinds.Noareawassparedorunaffected，fromthefoggynortherncoasttotheSierraNevadaMountainstotheSanGabrielsaboveLosAngeles.IntheSierrahighcountry，thenumberofbigtreeshasfallenbymorethan55percent；inpartsofsouthernCaliforniathedeclinewasnearly75percent.

Manyfactorscontributedtothedecline，saidPatrickMcIntyre，anecologistwhowastheleadauthorofthestudy.Woodcutterstargetedbigtrees.Housingdevelopmentpushedintothewoods.AggressivewildfirecontrolhasunpredictablyleftCaliforniaforestscrowdedwithsmalltreesthatcompetewithbigtreesforresources.

ButincomparingastudyofCaliforniaforestsdoneinthe1920sand1930swithanotheronebetween2001and2010，McIntyreandhiscolleaguesdocumentedawidespreaddeathofbigtreesthatwasobviouseveninwildlandsprotectedfromwoodcuttingordevelopment.

Thelossofbigtreeswasgreatestinareaswheretreeshadsufferedthegreatestwatershortage.Theresearchersfiguredoutwaterstresswithacomputermodelthatcalculatedhowmuchwatertreesweregettingincomparisonwithhowmuchtheyneeded，takingintoconsiderationsuchthingsasrainfall，airtemperature，dampness（濕氣）ofsoil，andthetimingofsnowmelt（雪融水）.

Sincethe1930s，McIntyresaid，thebiggestfactordrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures，whichcausetreestolosemorewatertotheair.Anotherimportantcauseisearliersnowmelt，whichreducesthewatersupplyaccessibletotreesduringthedryseason.12.WhatdothenumbersinSecondparagraphsuggest？______A.ThehabitatsofbigtreesinCalifornia.

B.ThedecreasingvarietyofCaliforniabigtrees.

C.Theseriousnessofbig-treelossinCalifornia.

D.ThesizeofCaliforniaforests.13.Whichofthefollowingiswell-intentionedbutmaybebadforbigtrees？______A.Ecologicalstudiesofforests. B.Banningwoodcutting.

C.Limitinghousingdevelopment. D.Strictfirecontrolmeasures.14.WhatisamajorcauseofthewatershortageaccordingtoMcIntyre？______A.Awarmerclimate. B.Alongerdryseason.

C.Earliersnowmelt. D.Decreaseddampnessofsoil.15.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext？______A.CuttingofBigTreestoBePreventedinCaliforniaSoon.

B.California'sForests：toBeSaved.

C.California'sForest：WhereHaveAlltheBigTreesGone.

D.HowtoProtectBigTreesinCalifornia？二、閱讀七選五（本大題共5小題，共12.5分）Physicalexercisehaspositiveeffectsonourhealth.Ifyouarefocusingonincreasingmusclestrengthandmusclesize,aneveningworkoutmaybebest.(16)

?Understandtheprosandcons.

Firstofall,youhaveeatenthroughouttheday,andyourbodyhasplentyoffuelandyourmusclesarewarm.Beside,youarelesslikelytogetinjuredduringeveningexercisebecauseyourmusclesandjointshavebeenworkingallday.(17)Ifyouhavealotofeveningarrangementsorareusuallytiredattheendoftheday,itwillbehardtofindtimeorenergytoexercise.

?Payattentiontohowwellyouseep.

Eveningexercisehelpssomepeoplefallasleep.However,itmaygiveothersanenergyincrease.Eveningtrainingalsohelpyousleepdeeplythroughoutthenight.(18)Ifyoufindthatyouhavetroublegoingtosleepatnight,yogaorstretchingexercisescanhelpyourelax.

?(19)

Ittakesyourbodytwotothreehourstodigestamealandabsorbnutrients.Eatasnackbeforeyourworkoutandhavedinnerwhenyoufinishexercise.Ifyouwanttoeatdinnerfirst,eatearlierthanyoutypicallywould.Foodssuchaswhiterice,pasta,bread,andpotatoesencouragesleep.Eatthematleastonehourbeforeyouplantogotobed.Ifyouplantogotobedat11：00pm,youneedtoeatbefore10：00pm.

?Donotharmyoursleepingtime.

(20)Thiswillgiveyourbodytimetocooldown.Forexample,ifyouplantogotobedat11：00pm,finishyourworkoutby9：00pm.Sleepisasimportantasexerciseandhelpsyourbodyrecoverafterexercise.

A.Adjustyourmealtime.

B.Getreadytohaveabalanceddiet.

C.Buteveningworkoutscanbeeasytogiveup.

D.Herearesometipstohelpyouexerciseintheevening.

E.Itisagoodideatojoinasportsclubwithyourclosefriends.

F.Toomuchtrainingcouldcauseyoutobetooexcitedtofallasleep.

GTrytofinishyourworkouttwohoursbeforeitistimetogotobed.16.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G20.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空（本大題共15小題，共15.0分）TheCOVID-19pandemic（大流行?。﹑reventsalotofcelebrationsfrombeingheld.Duringwhatseemedlikeanendtothepandemic，Dawnplannedabirthdayparty（1）______forhersonJackataparkwithplentyofspacetokeepsocial（2）______.Foronereasonoranother，kidsandtheirparents（3）______tostayathome.Noguests（4）______onthecelebration.

Afterthepartythatnobodywentto，thismom（5）______herheartbreakonline."Allparentsjustwant（6）______fortheirkidsanditwashardtoimaginewatchingyouryoungkid'sexcitement（7）______sadnesswhennoneofhisfriendswenttohisparty."

Dawn'svideoquickly（8）______hundredsofthousandsofviews.OthermomstalkedabouttheirunderstandingandalotofviewerswishedJackahappybirthday.（9）______，peopleofferedtosendgiftstotheboytomakehisbirthdayalittlebitbetter.

Dawneventookitonestepfurtherforherboy.She（10）______avirtualbirthdaypartyforJackbygoingliveonline，andalmost30，000viewers（11）______intheparty.Hundredsofthousandsof（12）______gottogetherjusttomakethekidfeelspecialonhisbirthday!

Jack'smompostedafollow-upvideo，（13）______thatbothsheandhersonwereincredibly（14）______forthosewishinghimahappybirthdayandwantingtosendtoys.ShesaidthatJackdidn'twantorneedtoys，buthejustwantedtohavefunwithhisfriends.Jackeven（15）______thatpeoplesendtoystotheirclosestChildren'sHospitalinsteadoftohim.21.

A.everywhere B.upstairs C.abroad D.outdoors22.

A.distance B.contact C.media D.relation23.

A.pretended B.refused C.chose D.failed24.

A.danced B.appeared C.talked D.cared25.

A.sold B.forgot C.divided D.shared26.

A.wealth B.cleverness C.happiness D.strength27.

A.comefrom B.turninto C.livewith D.looklike28.

A.attracted B.damaged C.relaxed D.inspired29.

A.Generally B.Probably C.Finally D.Unfortunately30.

A.spread B.quit C.studied D.hosted31.

A.resulted B.believed C.joined D.brought32.

A.strangers B.boys C.students D.teachers33.

A.predicting B.saying C.complaining D.guessing34.

A.responsible B.sorry C.famous D.thankful35.

A.judged B.suggested C.dreamed D.learned四、語法填空（本大題共1小題，共15.0分）36.TheAmazonrainforest，asthelargestrainforestintheworld，playsasignificantroleinmaintainingthefinebalanceoftheEarth'secosystem.

TheAmazonrainforestcrossesintoeightcountries，includingBrazil，PeruandoneoverseasregionofFrance.（1）______anareaofaround6millionsquarekilometres，theAmazonrainforestismorethanhalf（2）______sizeofChina.TheAmazonRiver，from（3）______therainforestgetsitsname，iscloseto6，400kilometresin（4）______（long）.Onitsjourneyfromthemountainstotheocean，theriversupportsmanydifferentecosystems.TheygivethisareatherichestbiodiversityontheEarth：oneinten（5）______（know）speciesintheworldcanbefoundhere.

Morethan1，300speciesofbirdsandover400speciesofmammalshideamongthejungle'splantlife.Thejaguarisoneexample.（6）______alargenumberofjaguarssurvivehere，theyareonlyoneelementofthisforest'sfoodchain.Theyfeedonatleast87species，includingfrogs.Thesefrogs，inturn，feedoninsectswhicheat（7）______（leaf）andfruit.

TheAmazonrainforestbreatheslifeintotheplanetbyfixingcarbonandproducingover20percentofalltheEarth'soxygen.Thus，itisoftencalledthe"lungsoftheplanet".Moreover，theAmazonrainforestisatreasurehouseofspeciesthat（8）______（use）forfoodormedicine.Yetthereisonemajordangertotheseirreplaceableplantsandanimals：us.Astheimpactofhumanactivitiesgrows（9）______（rapid），weareleftwithaquestion：whatmeasuresshouldwetake（10）______（shelter）the"lungsoftheplanet"？(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)五、書面表達（本大題共2小題，共40.0分）37.假如你是李華，你的外國網(wǎng)友Jack沉迷于手機游戲不能自拔，寫信向你求助，請你給他回一封電子郵件。內(nèi)容包括：

（1）表示理解與關心；

（2）分析手機游戲可能存在的不良影響；

（3）提出具體建議。

注意：addictionto對...的癮

（4）詞數(shù)80左右；

（5）可以適當增加細節(jié)，使行文連貫；

（6）開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。

DearJack，

Bestwishes!

Yours，LiHua38.Charliewasalittleboyoften.Hewassuchagoodboythateveryonelovedhimalot.Duetohisfather'sjob，hisfamilyshiftedtoanewcity，wherehewasadmittedintoanewschool.AsCharliewasagoodboy，mostofhisnewclassmatesbecamehisgoodfriendssoon.TheteachersalsopraisedCharlieforhisintelligenceandgoodbehavior.

ButtherewasoneboyintheclasswhodidnotlikeCharlieatall!HisnamewasBillandhewasaverynaughtyboy，sonoonelikedhimatall.HefoundthatCharliewasaquietboy，sohestartedmakingtroubleforhisnewclassmate.ButCharliestillkeptquietanddidnotcomplaintotheclassteacher.WhenCharlie'sparentslearnedaboutBill，theywantedtogotoschoolandcomplainaboutthisnaughtyboy'sbehavior.ButCharliestoppedthemandsaid，"Mom，Dad，pleasedonotworry.Everythingwillbeallright."

Dayswentbyandthetimecamefortheannualsportsmeetingattheschool.Charliewasalsogoodatsportsandhewasparticipatinginanumberofevents.Billwasparticipatinginthesackrace（套袋跑），thoughhecouldnotrunveryfastduetohisfatbody.WhenBillsawthatCharliewonfirstprizeinthe100-meterrace，hefeltveryjealous（妒忌的）anddecidedthathewouldnotletithappeninthesackrace.

Asplanned，BilltriedtopushCharliewhilejumpingonthetrackduringthesackrace.Buthelosthisbalanceandfelldown!Hislegwasbadlyinjuredandhecouldnotevenstandupbyhimself.Butashewasunpopularamonghisfriends，nooneturneduptohelphim!

注意：

1．續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應為150左右；

2．請按如下格式在相應位置作答。

Charlienoticedwhathadhappened.______________________

CharlietookBilltotheschooldoctor._________________________

答案和解析1~3.【答案】D、D、B【解析】（1）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)EdinburghFestivalFringe下面的In2018，thefestivallasted25days，including55，000performancesof3，548showsin317places.（2018年，這個節(jié)日共持續(xù)25天，在317個地方舉辦3548場演出，共5.5萬個表演。）可知，EdinburghFestivalFringe持續(xù)了25天。根據(jù)WildernessFestival下面的Takingplacefourdaysinnature，peoplewillexperiencemusic，comedy，theatre，anddancefromSadler'sWells.（在四天的大自然中，人們將體驗薩德勒威爾斯的音樂、喜劇、戲劇和舞蹈。）可知，WildernessFestival持續(xù)了4天。根據(jù)NottingHillCarnival下面的NottingHillCarnivaltakesplaceonthestreetsofNottingHillinLondon，EnglandineachAugustlastingovertwodays.（每年8月，英國倫敦諾丁山的街頭都會舉行諾丁山狂歡節(jié)，持續(xù)兩天以上。）可知，NottingHillCarnivalWildernessFestival持續(xù)了2天以上。根據(jù)LaTomatina下面的Thistomatofestivalhasbeenhappeningsince1945andisheldonthelastWednesdayofAugusteachyear.（西紅柿節(jié)始于1945年，在每年8月的最后一個星期三舉行。）可知，LaTomatina舉行一天。對比四個節(jié)日可知，EdinburghFestivalFringe持續(xù)時間最長，為25天。故選D。

（2）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二個小標題下的Allthecampsites（野營地）aremadetoorderfordifferentneeds，includingfamilycamping.（所有的營地都是為不同的需求定制的，包括家庭露營。）可知，WildernessFestival可以選擇特別提供的露營地。故選D。

（3）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段Eachyear，theValenciantownofBunolgetschangedintoaredmessaslocalsandtouriststaketothestreetsandthrowtomatoesateachother，allforfun.（每年，瓦倫西亞的布諾爾鎮(zhèn)都會變成一片紅色的狼藉，當?shù)厝撕陀慰妥呱辖诸^，互相投擲西紅柿，以此取樂。）可知，西紅柿節(jié)的特別之處在于它是一個食物大戰(zhàn)的節(jié)日。故選B。

本文為應用文。介紹了在英國八月份最好的四個節(jié)日。

做這類題材閱讀理解時要求考生對文章通讀一遍，做題時結(jié)合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關語句進行仔細分析，結(jié)合選項選出正確答案。做題時要在抓住關鍵句子的基礎上合理的分析才能得出正確答案，切忌胡亂猜測，一定要做到有理有據(jù)。

4~7.【答案】B、C、A、D【解析】（1）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的Her

novels

discussed

America's

past，focusing

on

black

history

and

the

effects

of

slavery

and

racism.（她的小說討論了美國的過去，重點關注黑人歷史以及奴隸制和種族主義的影響。）可知，莫里森的小說主要關注黑人歷史和種族主義。故選B。

（2）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的In

1988，she

won

the

Pulitzer

Prize

for

her

novel

Beloved，the

story

of

a

mother

who

kills

her

baby

daughter

rather

than

permit

her

to

be

born

into

slavery.（1988年，她憑借小說《寵兒》獲得了普利策獎。小說講述的是一位母親殺死了自己的女嬰，而不是讓她生下來成為奴隸。）可知，小說《寵兒》中的母親殺死了自己的孩子，因為她不想讓它成為奴隸。故選C。

（3）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的Many

Americans

admired

her

as

the

country's

greatest

living

writer，including

former

President

Barack

Obama.（許多美國人欽佩她，認為她是美國最偉大的在世作家，包括前總統(tǒng)巴拉克?奧巴馬。）可知，奧巴馬對她的評價怎么高都不過分。故選A。

（4）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的Several

publishers

rejected

her

first

book

The

Bluest

Eye

but

it

impressed

The

New

York

Times'

book

critic

John

Leonard，who

believed

Morrison

was

an

important

new

voice（幾家出版商拒絕了她的第一本書《最藍的眼睛》，但《紐約時報》的書評人約翰?倫納德卻對她印象深刻，他認為莫里森是一個重要的新聲音。）可知，《最藍的眼睛》這本書被幾家出版商拒絕，但給約翰?倫納德留下了深刻的印象。故選D。

這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了獲得諾貝爾文學獎的美國作家托尼?莫里森。

閱讀理解解題步驟：首先對原文材料迅速瀏覽，掌握全文的主旨大意，因為閱讀理解題一般沒有標題，所以，速讀全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速讀的過程中，應盡可能多地捕獲信息材料；其次細讀題材，各個擊破，掌握全文的大意之后，細細閱讀每篇材料后的問題，弄清每題要求后，帶著問題，再回到原文中去尋找、捕獲有關信息，要善于抓住每段的主題句，閱讀時，要有較強的針對性，對于捕獲到的信息，要做認真分析，仔細推敲，理解透徹，只有這樣，針對題目要求，才能做到穩(wěn)、準。

8~11.【答案】C、D、D、A【解析】（1）推理判斷題。從文章第三段Theotheroccupantsofthecarriagesmiledandnoddedatmeandmademefeelquitewelcomeamongstthem（車廂里的其他乘客對我微笑著點頭，讓我覺得自己在他們中間很受歡迎）可知，車廂里所有的人都對作者點頭微笑，說明他們理解作者的錯誤，對作者的錯誤很寬容。故選C。

（2）推理判斷題。文章最后一段Nobodyspoketomenor，asIexpected，toanyoneelsetheydidnotknow.Theyfeltitwasnotpolitetointerruptsomeoneelse'sprivacy（沒有人跟我說話，正如我所料，也沒有人跟他們不認識的人說話。他們認為打擾別人的隱私是不禮貌的。）因此推斷，英國乘客都不說話是因為隱私在英國是一項寶貴的傳統(tǒng)。故選D。

（3）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段IwasbornandraisedinEnglandinaculturewhereprivacyand'keepingyourselftoyourself"werevaluedtraditions.Speakingtostrangerswasnotencouraged.Peopleweremosthospitable（好客的）andfriendly-butonlyoncetheyhadbeenintroducedtonewpeople.（我在英國出生和長大，那里的文化重視隱私和"讓自己獨處"。不鼓勵和陌生人說話。人們是最好客和友好的——但只有當他們被介紹給新的人。）和文章最后一段However，whenItravelledacrosstheUnitedStates，whetherbyplaneorGreyhoundbus，Iwasnevershortofconversation（然而，當我在美國旅行時，無論是乘飛機還是乘灰狗汽車，我從不缺乏交談。）可知，作者的目的是告訴我們好客和禮貌的文化差異。故選D。

（4）態(tài)度觀點題。根據(jù)最后一段Conversationwasgoingonallaroundmeandwhoeversatnexttomewashappytointroducethemselvesandaskmeaboutmyself，whichwasusuallyapleasantwaytokilltime.（我周圍的人都在交談，坐在我旁邊的人都很高興地介紹自己，問我關于我自己的事情，這通常是消磨時間的一種愉快的方式。）可知，作者對美國好客和禮貌的傳統(tǒng)持贊成態(tài)度。故選A。

本文屬于記敘文。本文主要講述了作者通過自己在不同國家的旅行經(jīng)歷來告訴大家，不同文化里人們對禮貌的定義是不相同的。

閱讀理解題測試考生在閱讀基礎上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關系，對未說明的趨勢或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點理論，對文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋。考生首先要仔細閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準確把握作者觀點。

12~15.【答案】C、D、A、C【解析】（1）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中Thenumberoftreeslargerthantwofeetacrosshasdeclinedby50percentonmorethan46，000squaremilesofCaliforniaforests，thenewstudyfinds.（新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在加州46000多平方英里的森林中，直徑超過兩英尺的樹木數(shù)量減少了50%。）以及IntheSierrahighcountry，thenumberofbigtreeshasfallenbymorethan55percent；inpartsofsouthernCaliforniathedeclinewasnearly75percent.（在Sierra高地地區(qū)，大樹的數(shù)量減少了55%以上；南加州部分地區(qū)下降幅度接近75%。）可推斷，這些數(shù)據(jù)表明加州的大樹損失較為嚴重。故選C。

（2）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中AggressivewildfirecontrolhasunpredictablyleftCaliforniaforestscrowdedwithsmalltreesthatcompetewithbigtreesforresources.（難以預料的是，聲勢浩大的野火控制使加利福尼亞的森林里長滿了小樹，它們與大樹爭奪資源。）可知，野火控制措施本意是好的，卻導致了大樹的損失。故選D。

（3）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段Sincethe1930s，McIntyresaid，thebiggestfactordrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures，whichcausetreestolosemorewatertotheair.（麥金太爾說，自20世紀30年代以來，導致該州水資源緊張的最大因素是氣溫上升，這導致樹木向空氣中流失更多的水分。）可知，McIntyre認為水資源緊張的主要因素是氣溫上升。故選A。

（4）主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段Californiahaslosthalfitsbigtreessincethe1930s，accordingtoastudytobepublishedTuesdayandclimatechangeseemstobeamajorfactor.（周二公布的一項研究顯示，自20世紀30年代以來，加州已經(jīng)失去了一半的大樹，而氣候變化似乎是一個主要因素。）可知，本文主要介紹的是加利福尼亞州大樹大面積損失的嚴重性并分析了損失的原因。所以C項"加利福尼亞州的森林：大樹都去哪兒了？"切合文章主題，最適合作為文章標題。故選C。

本文是一篇說明文，文章主要介紹了加利福尼亞州大樹大面積損失的嚴重性并分析了損失的原因。

閱讀理解題測試考生在閱讀基礎上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關系，對未說明的趨勢或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點理論，對文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋。考生首先要仔細閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準確把握作者觀點。

16~20.【答案】D、C、F、A、G【解析】（1）D．聯(lián)系上文題。上文"Ifyouarefocusingonincreasingmusclestrengthandmusclesize,aneveningworkoutmaybebest."（如果你正專注于增加肌肉力量和肌肉大小，晚上鍛煉可能是最好的。）說明晚上鍛煉很好，空處應給出一些幫助晚上鍛煉的建議，D項"這里有一些建議可以幫助你在晚上鍛煉。"符合題意。故選D。

（2）C．聯(lián)系下文題。下文"Ifyouhavealotofeveningarrangementsorareusuallytiredattheendoftheday,itwillbehardtofindtimeorenergytoexercise."（如果你有很多晚上的安排，或者通常在一天結(jié)束時很累，你將很難找到時間或精力來鍛煉。）說明有很多原因會導致晚上鍛煉無法完成，空處應說明晚上鍛煉很難堅持，C項"但是晚上的鍛煉很容易放棄。"符合題意。故選C。

（3）F．推理判斷題。上文"However,itmaygiveothersanenergyincrease."（然而，它可能會給其他人增加能量。）說明鍛煉可能會導致能量增加，以及下文"Ifyoufindthatyouhavetroublegoingtosleepatnight,yogaorstretchingexercisescanhelpyourelax."（如果你發(fā)現(xiàn)晚上難以入睡，瑜伽或伸展運動可以幫助你放松。）說明入睡困難時可以采用的方法，所以空處應說明鍛煉可能會導致入睡困難，F(xiàn)項"過多的訓練會使你興奮得無法入睡。"符合題意。故選F。

（4）A．細節(jié)理解題。下文"Ittakesyourbodytwotothreehourstodigestamealandabsorbnutrients."（你的身體消化一頓飯和吸收營養(yǎng)需要兩到三個小時。）說明身體消化吸收食物需要時間，以及下文具體舉例說明吃東西的時間，所以本段主要建議調(diào)整用餐時間，A項"調(diào)整你的用餐時間。"符合題意。故選A。

（5）G．聯(lián)系下文題。下文"Forexample,ifyouplantogotobedat11：00pm,finishyourworkoutby9：00pm."（例如，如果你計劃晚上11：00上床睡覺，那么在晚上9：00之前完成訓練。）說明應該在睡覺前兩個小時完成鍛煉，G項"試著在睡覺前兩小時完成鍛煉。"符合題意。故選G。

這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了一些幫助晚上鍛煉的建議。

關于選句填空的做題步驟：

步驟一：快速瀏覽一遍備選答案，先確定哪個選項適合放在文章的什么位置。通常在以下位置：標題，句首，句中，句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。

步驟二：快速瀏覽文章，確定文章體裁，抓住文章結(jié)構(gòu)。

步驟三：分析篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，找出各段的主題句或主旨大意。

步驟四：注意各選項中出現(xiàn)的句子銜接手段，尋找句中銜接標志詞。

步驟五：區(qū)分相似項。

21~35.【答案】D、A、C、B、D、C、B、A、C、D、C、A、B、D、B【解析】（1）D.考查副詞及語境理解。A.everywhere所到之處；B.upstairs樓上；C．a(chǎn)broad到外國；D．outdoors在戶外。句意：在疫情似乎已經(jīng)束的時候，道恩在一個公園為她的兒子設計了一個戶外生日派對，公園里有足夠的空間社交媒體使用。根據(jù)下文"at

a

park"可知，上文說是在戶外，故選D。

（2）A.考查名詞及語境理解。A.distance距離；B.contac系；C.media媒體；D.relation關系。句意：在疫情似乎已經(jīng)束的時候，道恩在一個公園為她的兒子設計了一個戶外生日派對，公園里有足夠的空間社交媒體使用。根據(jù)下文"with

plenty

of

space"可知，這里說的社交距離，故選A。

（3）C.考查動詞及語境理解。A.pretended假裝；B.refused拒絕；C.chose選擇；D.failed失敗。句意：出于這樣或那樣原因，孩子們和他們的父母選擇呆在家里。根據(jù)下文"No

guests（4）on

the

celebration."可知，人們選擇在家里，故選C。

（4）B.考查動詞及語境理解。A.danced跳舞；B.appeared出現(xiàn)；C.talked談話；D.cared關心，在乎。句意：慶典上沒有客人出現(xiàn)。根據(jù)上文"For

one

reason

or

another，kids

and

their

parents（3）to

stay

at

home."可知，這里說的是沒有客人出現(xiàn)。故選B。

（5）D.考查動詞及語境理解。A.sold賣；B.forgot忘記；C.divided劃分；D.shared分享。句意：這位母親在一個公園為兒子舉辦了生日派對，但沒人去，她在網(wǎng)絡上分享了她的心碎。根據(jù)下文"online"可知，是在網(wǎng)絡上分享，故選D。

（6）C.考查名詞及語境理解。A.wealth財富；B.cleverness聰明；C.happiness快樂，幸福；D.strength力量。句意：所有的父母都只想讓他們的孩子幸福。根據(jù)第一段"Dawn

planned

a

birthday

party（1）for

her

son

Jack

at

a

park

"推知，父母這樣做是想讓孩子開心、幸福，故選C。

（7）B.考查動詞短語及語境理解。A.comefrom來自；B.turn

into變成；C.livewith忍受；D.look

like看起來像。句意：想象一下，當你的孩子的朋友們都不去參加他的聚會時，你會看到他的興奮變成了悲傷。根據(jù)下文"when

none

of

his

friends

went

to

his

party."可知，這里說的是興奮會變成悲傷，故選B。

（8）A.考查動詞及語境理解。A.attracted吸引；B.damage毀壞；C.relaxed平靜；D.inspired激勵，啟發(fā)。句意：道恩的視頻很快吸引了數(shù)十萬人觀看。根據(jù)下文"hundreds

of

thousands

of

views"可知，說的是視頻吸引了數(shù)十萬的觀眾。故選A。

（9）C.考查副詞及語境理解。A.Generally大體上；B．Probably大概；C．Finally最終；D.Unfortunately不幸地。句意：最后，有些人主動提出給生日男孩送禮物，讓他的特殊日子過得更好。根據(jù)事情的發(fā)展可知，此處是指人們看到視頻后，最終有人主動給男孩送禮物。故選C。

（10）D.考查動詞及語境理解。A.spread傳播；B.quit離開；C.studied研究；D.hosted舉行。句意：她為兒子舉行了一個線上的虛擬派對，大約有3萬觀眾參與。根據(jù)下文"a

virtual

birthday

party

"可知，此處是指舉行虛擬派對。故選D。

（11）C.考查動詞及語境理解。A.resulted結(jié)果；B．believed相信；C.joined參加；D.brought提供。根據(jù)Hundreds

of

thousands

of（12）got

together

just

to

make

the

kid

feel

special

on

his

birthday!可知，此處是指很多觀眾參與線上舉行生日慶祝的活動。joined"參與，參加"。故選C。

（12）A.考查名詞及語境理解。A.strangers陌生人；B.boys男孩；C.students學生；D．teachers老師。句意：成千上萬的陌生人聚在一起，只是為了讓一個孩子在他的生日感到特別!根據(jù)上文"30，000

viewers"可知，這里指觀看視頻的人，對于杰克來說他們都是陌生人，故選A。

（13）B.考查動詞及語境理解。A.predicting預測；B.saying說；C.complaining抱怨；D.guessing猜測。句意：杰克的媽媽發(fā)布了一個后續(xù)視頻，說她和兒子都非常感謝那些祝他生日快樂并想送玩具的人。根據(jù)上文"Jack's

m