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學(xué)海無

涯二、初高中英語銜接專題一:名詞考點集匯,講解和訓(xùn)練【名師點睛】一、名詞的數(shù)

1.單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)

可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。復(fù)數(shù)形式通常是在單數(shù)形式后加詞尾“-s”構(gòu)成,其主要變法如下:(1)一般情況在詞尾加-s,例如:book→books,girl→girls,boy→boys,pen→pens,doctor→doctors,

boy→boys。(2)以

s,x,ch,sh,結(jié)尾的詞加-es,例如:bus→buses,class→classesbox→boxes,watch→watches,brush→brushes。(3)以

ce,se,

ze,(d)ge

結(jié)尾的名詞加

s,例如:orange—oranges。(4)以輔音母加y

結(jié)尾的詞變“y”為“i”再加-es,例如:city→cities,

factory→factories,

country→countries,family→families。但要注意的是以元音字母加

y

結(jié)尾的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式只加

s,如:boy→boys,day→days。(5)以

o

結(jié)尾的詞多數(shù)都加-es。例如:hero→heroes,potato→potatoes,tomato→tomatoes,但詞末為兩個元音字母的詞只加-s。例如:zoo→zoos,radio→radios,還有某些外來詞也只加-s,例如:photo→photos,piano→pianos。(6)

f

fe

結(jié)尾的詞,多數(shù)變

f

v

再加-es,例如:knife→knives,leaf→leaves,

half→halves。

復(fù)數(shù)詞尾

s(或

es)的讀音方法如下表所示。復(fù)數(shù)詞尾

s(或

es)的讀音方法情

況讀法例

詞在[p][t][k][f]等清輔音后[s]cups,hats,

cakes在[s][z][t][d3][F]等音后[iz]glasses,pages,

oranges,buses,

watches,faces在[b][d][g][v]等濁輔音后[z]beds,dogs,cities,

knives(7)少數(shù)名詞有不規(guī)則的復(fù)數(shù)形式,例如:man→men,woman→women,tooth→teeth,foot→feet,child→children,mouse→mice。

【注意】與

man

woman構(gòu)成的合成詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式也是-men

和-women。例如:an

Englishman,two

Englishmen。但

German

不是合成詞,故復(fù)數(shù)形式為Germans;man,

woman

等作定語時,它的單復(fù)數(shù)以其所修飾的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定,如:men

workers,

womenteachers。有個別名詞單復(fù)數(shù)一樣,例如:Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,fish

等。但當(dāng)

fish

表示不同種類的魚時,可以加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾。(8)單數(shù)形式但其意為復(fù)數(shù)的名詞有:people,

police等。數(shù)詞+名詞作定語時,這個名詞一般保留單數(shù)形式,中間加連字符例如

an

8-year-oldgirl,aten-mile

walk。還有些名詞僅有復(fù)數(shù)形式,如:trousers,clothes,chopsticks,glasses,goods ashes,scissors,compasses。只用作單數(shù)的復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞有:

科學(xué)名詞:physics,

mathematics/maths 游戲名稱:bowls

專有名詞:the

United

States,NiagaraFalls 其他名詞:news,falls2.不可數(shù)名詞“量”的表示方法在英語中,不可數(shù)名詞如果要表示“量的概念”,可以用以下兩種方法:(1)用

much,alittle,a

lotof/lots

of,

some,any

等表示多少,例如:

Therichmanhasalotofmoney.Thereissomemilkinthebottle.Isthereanywaterinthe

glass?

Idon'tlikewinterbecausethere'stoomuchsnowand

ice.a(chǎn)bottle

of(2)用

a

piece

of

這類定語,例如:a

pieceof

paper

apiece

of

wood

a

pieceofbreadorangeaglassofwater(milk)acupof

tea

acupofteaabagofricethreebagsof

rice

如果要表示“兩杯茶”、“四張紙”這類概念時,在容器后加復(fù)數(shù),例如:

twocupsofteafourpiecesofpaperthreeglassesof

water

不可數(shù)名詞也可用

alotof,lots

of,some,

any,

much

等來修飾。二、名詞的所有格 名詞所有格,用來表示人或物的所有,以及領(lǐng)屬關(guān)系。1.

表示有生命的名詞的所有格其單數(shù)形式是加

's,其復(fù)數(shù)形式是

s',例如:astudent's

room,

students'rooms,father's

shoes。12學(xué)海無

涯如其結(jié)尾不是

s

的復(fù)數(shù)形式仍加

's,如:Children'sDay。

在表示時間、距離、長度、重量、價格、世界、國家等名詞的所有格要用

's,例如:atwenty

minutes'walk,ten

miles'journey,a

boat's

length,two

pounds'

weight,

ten

dollars'

worth。無生命名詞的所有格則必須用

of

結(jié)構(gòu),例如:a

mapof

China,the

endofthis

term,thecapital

of

ourcountry,

thecolorof

theflowers。雙重所有格,例如:a

friendof

my

father's?!咀⒁狻?/p>

如果兩個名詞并列,并且分別有's,則表示“分別有”,例如:John's

and

Mary's

rooms(約翰和瑪麗各有一間,共兩間);Tom's

and

Mary's

bikes(兩人各自的自行車)。

兩個名詞并列,只有一個's,則表示“共有”,例如:John

and

Mary's

room(約翰和瑪麗共有一間);TomandMary'smother(即

Tom

Mary

是兄妹)?!狙菥殹?.Where

have

you

been,Tim? I’ve

been

to

.

A.the

Henry

house B.theHenryfamilyC.The

Henry’s

home D.

Henry’s2.In

England,

if

isinthemiddleoftheday,theeveningmealiscalled

supper.

A.food B.

lunch C.

breakfast D.

dinner3.Youlookedforittwice,butyouhaven’tfoundit.Why

not

try

.

A.

three

times B.a

third

time C.the

third

time D.once4.Theyarethirsty.Willyouplease

give

them

?

Certainly.D.somebottleof

waters

A.somebottles

of

waters B.somebottles

of

water C.somebottleof

water5.Mikehurtone

ofhis

intheaccident

yesterday.

A.

tooth B.feet C.

hand D.ear6.There

is

some

onthe

plate.

A.

cakes B.

meat C.

potato D.pears7.InEngland,thelast

nameisthe

.

A.

family

name B.

middle C.

given

name D.full

name8.Theyaregoing

to

fly

to

Beijing.

A.

Germen B.Germany C.

Germanys D.

Germans9.The

has

two

.

A.

boys;

watches B.

boy;

watch C.

boy;watches D.boys;

watch10.Thelittlebaby

has

two

already.

A.

tooth B.tooths C.

teeth D.teeths11.What’s

your

forbeinglate

again?

A.idea B.

key C.

excuse D.news12.It’sdangeroushere.We’dbettergooutquickly.ButIthinkwe

should

let

goout

first.

A.woman

and

children B.women

and

child C.woman

and

child D.womenandchildren13.YoucanseeMr.Smithifthereisa

sign

”onthedoorofhisshop.

Thanks.

A.ENTRANCE B.BUSINESS

HOURS C.THIS

SIDE

UP D.NO

SMOKINGAretheygoingtohavea

picnic

on

?

A.

Children’sDay B.

Childrens’s

Day C.

Childrens

Day D.Children

Day15.Wherearethestudents?Are

they

in

?

A.the

Room

406 B.

Room406 C.the

406

Room D.406

Room專題二:形容詞、副詞考點集匯,講解和訓(xùn)練【名師點睛】1.

形容詞的用法

(1)

形容詞在句中作定語,

表語,

賓語補(bǔ)足語。

例如:Our

countryis

a

beautiful

country.(作定語)

The

fish

went

bad.

(作表語)Wekeepour

classroomclean

andtidy.

(作賓語補(bǔ)足語)形容詞修飾something,

anything,

nothing,

everything等不定代詞時,形容詞放在名詞后面。

Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.Isthereanythinginterestinginthe

film.用

and

or

連接起來的兩個形容詞作定語時一般把它們放在被修飾的名詞后面。起進(jìn)一步解釋的作用。 Everybody,manandwoman,oldandyoung,shouldattend

the

meeting. You

can(作狀語)takeanyboxaway,bigor

small.(4)the+形容詞表示一類人或物 Therichshouldhelpthe

poor.2.副詞的用法(1)

副詞在句中可作狀語,表語和定語。

He

studiesvery

hard.Lifehereisfull

ofjoy. (作定語) When

will

you

be

back?

(作表語)副詞按其用途和含義可分為下面五類:學(xué)海無

涯時間副詞時間副詞通常用來表示動作的時間。常見的時間副詞有:now

today,

tomorrow,

yesterday,before,

late,

early,

never,

seldom,

sometimes,

often,

usually,

always

等。例如:Heoftencomestoschoollate.Whatarewegoingto

do

tomorrow? Heisneverbeento

Beijing.地點副詞地點副詞通常用來表示動作發(fā)生的地點。常見的地點副詞有:here,

there,

inside,

outside,home,

upstairs,

downstairs,anywhere,

everywhere,

nowhere,

somewhere,

down,

up,

off,

on,

in,

out

等。例如:I

metan

old

friend

ofmine

on

my

way

home. He

went

upstairs. Putdownyourname

here.方式副詞方式副詞一般都是回答“怎樣的?”這類問題的,其中絕大部分都是由一個形容詞加詞尾-ly

構(gòu)成的,有少數(shù)方式副詞不帶詞尾-ly,

它們與形容詞同形。常見的方式副詞有:anxiously,

badly,

bravely,calmly,carefully,proudly,rapidly,suddenly,successfully,angrily,happily,slowly,warmly,well,fast,slow,

quick,

hard,

alone,

high,

straight,

wide

等。例如:

The

old

man

walked

home

slowly.

Pleaselistentotheteachercarefully.Thebirdsareflying

high.程度副詞程度副詞多數(shù)用來修飾形容詞和副詞,有少數(shù)用來修飾動詞或介詞短語。常見的程度副詞有:much,little,abit,very,so,too,enough,quite,rather,pretty,greatly,completely,nearly,almost,deeply,hardly,partly

等。例如:Herpronunciationisvery

good. Shesings

quitewell. Icanhardlyagreewithyou.5)疑問副詞是用來引導(dǎo)特殊疑問句的副詞。常見的疑問副詞有:how,

when,

where,

why

等。例如:Howareyougettingalongwith

your

studies? Wherewere

you

yesterday? Whydidyoudothat?(2)副詞在句中的位置 1)多數(shù)副詞作狀語時放在動詞之后。如果動詞帶有賓語,則放在賓語之后。例如:Mr

Smith

works

very

hard. ShespeaksEnglish

well.頻度副詞作狀語時,通常放在行為動詞之前,情態(tài)動詞,助動詞和

be

動詞之后。例如:Heusuallygets

up

early. I’veneverheard

him

singing. Sheisseldom

ill.程度副詞一般放在所修飾的形容詞和副詞的前面,

enough

作副詞用時,通常放在被修飾詞的后面。例如:Itis

a

rather

difficult

job. Heruns

very

fast. Hedidn’tworkhard

enough.副詞作定語時,一般放在被修飾的名詞之后。例如:Onmywayhome,Imet

my

uncle. Thestudentstherehavealottimetodotheirownresearchwork.(3)部分常用副詞的用法very,

much 這兩個副詞都可表示“很”,但用法不同。Very

用來修飾形容詞和副詞的原級,而much

用來修飾形容詞和副詞的比較級。例如:Sheisavery

nice

girl I’mfeelingmuch

better

now. Much

可以修飾動詞,而

very

則不能。例如:Idon’tlikethe

ideamuch. Theydidnottalk

much.too,either 這兩個副詞都表示“也”,但

too

用于肯定句,either

用于否定句。例如:Shecandance,andIcandance,too.Ihaven’treadthebookandmybrotherhasn’t

either.already,

yet already一般用于語肯定句,yet一般用于否定句。例如:Hehas

already

left. Haveyouheardfromhim

yet?Hehasn’tanswered

yet.4)

so,

neither so

neither

都可用于倒裝句,

so

表示肯定,neither

表示否定。例如: Mybrotherlikesfootballandso

do

I. Mybrotherdoesn’tlikedancingandneitherdo

I.形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級兩個人或事物的比較時(不一定每一方只有一個人或一個事物),用比較級。

Ourteacheristallerthan

we

are. Theboysinherclassaretallerthantheboysinyour

class.most

同形容詞連用而不用

the,表示

"極,很,非常,十分"。 It's

most

dangerousto

behere. 在這兒太危險?!癟he+形容詞比較級...,

the+形容詞比較級...”表示“越...就越...”。

Themoreyoustudy,themoreyou

know.

(4)

“形容詞比較級+

and

+

形容詞比較級”,表示

“越來越...”。 It'sgettinghotterand

hotter.

(5)

主語+謂語(系動詞)+as+形容詞原形+as+從句。表示兩者對比相同。 Thisboxisasbigas

mine.

(6)the

+

形容詞,表示某種人。 Healwayshelpsthe

poor.

(7)

形容詞和副詞最高級用于三個或三個以上的人和物進(jìn)行比較。

Shanghai

is

one

ofthebiggestcitiesin

China.【演練】1.Therearemanyyoung

treeson

sidesofthe

road.3

A.

every B.

each學(xué)海無

C.

both D.

all2.

It’ssocoldtoday.

Yes,

it’s

thanitwas

yesterday.

A.

more

cold B.more

colder

C.much

colder

D.

cold

D.

fewD.

bestD.

wellD.the

strongestC.alittle;a

fewD.alittle;a

little3.Little

Tom

has

friends,soheoftenplays

alone.

A.

more B.

a

little C.

many4.Sheisn’tso

atmathsasyou

are.

A.

well B.

good C.better5.Peter

writes

ofthe

three.

A.

better B.

best C.good6.Heis

enoughtocarrytheheavy

box.

A.

stronger B.

much

stronger C.

strong

7.I

bought

exercise-books

with

money.

A.afew;

a

few B.afew;a

little8.The

boxis

heavyforthe

girl

carry.

A.too;

to B.

to;

too C.so;

that

D.no;

to9.Theiceinthelakeisabout

one

meter

.It’sstrongenoughtoskateon.

A.

long B.

high C.

thick D.wide10.WuLinran

fasterthantheotherboysinthesports

meeting.

A.so B.

much C.

very D.tooJonelooks

so

todaybecauseshehasgotan“A”inhermaths

test.A.

happy B.

happily C.angry D.

angrilyThesmileonmyfather’sfaceshowedthat

he

was

with

me.A.sad B.

pleased C.

angry D.sorryMum,

could

you

buy

me

adresslikethis?-Certainly,wecanbuy

onethanthis,but

this.A.abetter;better

than B.aworse;asgoodasC.acheaper;as

good

as D.amoreimportant;good

asThisdigitalcamerais

really

cheap! The

thebetter.I’mshortofmoney,you

see.A.

cheap B.

cheaper C.

expensive D.more

expensiveIfyouwanttolearnEnglishwell,youmustuse

it

as

as

possible.A.

often B.long C.

hard D.soonPaul

has

friendsexceptme,andsometimeshefeels

lonely.A.

many B.

some C.

few D.

moreEnglish

people

useMr.Beforeaman’sfirst

name.A.

never B.

usually C.

often D.sometimesOnemoresatellitewassentupintospaceinChinainMay.-Right.The

government

spoke

that.A.

highly

for B.

highof C.

well

of D.highly

ofRemember

this,

children.

careful

you

are,

mistakesyouwillmake.Weknow,Miss

Gao.A.Themore;

the

more B.Thefewer;

the

more C.Themore;

the

fewer D.Theless;the

lessI

have

todo

today.A.

anything

important B.

something

important C.

important

nothing D.importantsomething專題三:動詞考點集匯,講解和訓(xùn)練1.動詞的時態(tài)英語時態(tài)用共有十六種時態(tài),其中常用的有

8

種,它們是:一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時、現(xiàn)在完成時、過去進(jìn)行時、過去完成時和過去將來時。(1)一般現(xiàn)在時的基本用法1)

經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作,常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用。

時間狀語:

every…,

sometimes,

at…,on

Sunday Ileavehomeforschoolat7every

morning.2)

客觀真理,客觀存在,科學(xué)事實。

Theearthmovesaroundthe

sun. Shanghailiesintheeastof

China.表示格言或警句中。 Pridegoesbeforeafall.【注意】此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中,即使主句是過去時,從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時。例:Columbus

provedthat

theearthis

round..現(xiàn)在時刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個性。 Idon'twantso

much.某些動詞如come,

go,

move,

stop,

leave,

arrive,

be,

finish,

continue,

start

等,在一般現(xiàn)在時句中可用來表示將來肯定會發(fā)生的動作。 Thetraincomesat3o'clock.

6)

在時間狀語從句或條件狀語從句中,一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時。4學(xué)海無

I'llhelpyouassoonasyou

have

problem. TellXiaoLiaboutitifyoumeet

him.(2)一般過去時的用法:

表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間內(nèi)所發(fā)生的動作或情況,通常一般過去式帶有表示動作時間狀語的詞,詞組或從句,如yesterday,

the

day

before

last,

last

week,

two

days

ago等,上下文清楚時可以不帶時間狀語。

Iworkedinthatfactorylastyear.【注意】1)

過去經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作,也可用used

to或would加動詞原形來表達(dá),例如:IusedtogofishingonSundays.2)

“usedto”也可用于表示過去曾經(jīng)存在過的狀態(tài)。例如: Thisriverusedtobe

clean.一般將來時的用法

1)表示將來的動作或狀態(tài)。例如: Ishallattendthemeeting

tomorrow.2)表示將來反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。例如:Hewillgotosee

his

motherevery

Saturdays.

3)表示將來的意愿,決心,許諾,

命令等時常用will,征求對方意見,主語是第一人稱時,常用shall。

Iwilldomybesttocatchup

with

them. ShallIopenthe

door?

4)be+

going

+

動詞不定式。也是一種將來時句型,表示打算,計劃,最近或?qū)硪鞯哪呈隆?IamgoingtoBeijingnext

week.

5)be+

動詞不定式。表示有職責(zé),義務(wù),可能,約定,意圖等。

Thereistobeameeting

this

afternoon. Wearetomeettheguestsatthe

station.

6)be

about+

動詞不定式,表示馬上,很快作某事。 Theyareaboutto

leave.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的用法

1)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的用法表示說話者說話時正在發(fā)生或者進(jìn)行的動作,

它注重現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動作,而不管動作從什么時間開始,到什么時間結(jié)束。Whatareyou

doing

now? Iamlookingformykey.

2)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示目前一段時間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動作(但說話時這個動作不一定在進(jìn)行)。 Thestudentsarepreparingforthe

examination.3)某些動詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時可以表示即將發(fā)生的動作,這些動詞有

arrive, come,

leave,

start等。

TheyaregoingtoHongKongtomorrow.【注意】有些動詞一般不可以用于進(jìn)行時態(tài) ①表示狀態(tài)的動詞,尤其是靜態(tài)動詞,如:be,have②表示認(rèn)識、知覺和情感的動詞,如:know,

think,

hear,find,see,like,

want,

wish,

prefer等。(5)現(xiàn)在完成時的用法

1)

現(xiàn)在完成時表示在說話之前已經(jīng)完成或剛完成的動作。

Ihaveboughta

ten-speed

bicycle. Theyhavecleanedthe

classroom.

2)

現(xiàn)在完成時表示動作從過去開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,或者還有可能持續(xù)下去的動作或狀態(tài)。

現(xiàn)在完成時常與for

since

引導(dǎo)的短語或從句連用。

Wehavelivedhere

since

1976. Theyhavewaitedformorethantwo

hours.【注意】一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別 過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情,強(qiáng)調(diào)動作;現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的,強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響;一般過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用。試比較: I

saw

this

filmyesterday.(強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動作發(fā)生過了,不涉及現(xiàn)在)(強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響,電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。)Ihaveseenthis

film.過去進(jìn)行時的用法表示過去某時正在進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)或動作。例如

I

waswatching

TVwhenshe

cametosee

me.【注意】

過去進(jìn)行時和一般過去時都是過去發(fā)生的事情,但過去進(jìn)行時側(cè)重表示過去某一時刻正在進(jìn)行的動作或所處的狀態(tài),強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的連續(xù)進(jìn)行,而一般過去時則表示單純的過去事實,例如:They

were

buildinga

house

lastmonth.

(上個月正在建造,建造好與否不知)They

builtanew

houselast

month.

(上個月建造好了,動作已經(jīng)完成)過去完成時的用法

過去完成時表示過去某一時刻或某一動作之前完成的動作或所處的狀態(tài),過去完成時常和

by,before等詞組成的短語和從句連用。

Wehadalreadylearnedtwothousandwordsbytheendoflast

year.

Whenwearrivedatthestation,theyhadwaitedformorethantwenty

minutes.(8)過去將來時的用法 過去將來時表示從過去某個時間看將要發(fā)生的動作或存在地狀態(tài),過去將來時較多地被運(yùn)用在賓語從句中。例如:Theyweregoingtohave

a

meeting. ItoldhimthatIwouldseehimoffatthe

station.2.動詞的語態(tài) 語態(tài)有兩種:主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。5學(xué)海無

涯主語是動作的發(fā)出者為主動語態(tài);主語是動作的接受者為被動語態(tài)。被動語態(tài) 1)

被動語態(tài)最基本的句型結(jié)構(gòu)是:

be+及物動詞過去分詞被動語態(tài)中的謂語動詞一定要是及物動詞因為被動句中的主語是動作的承受者,某些短語動詞如lookafter,

thinkof,

take

care

of,

work

out,laugh

at等,也可用于被動語態(tài)。 Thechildrenweretakengoodcareofby

her.【注意】 短語動詞中的介詞或副詞變成被動語態(tài)時不可遺漏。主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)要加“to”的情況若賓語補(bǔ)足語是不帶

to的不定式,變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,該不定式前要加“to”。此類動詞為感官動詞,如:feel,

hear,

help,listento,look

at,

make,observe,see,notice,

watch

等。例如:Theteachermademegooutofthe

classroom.Iwasmadetogooutoftheclassroom(bythe

teacher).主動形式表示被動意義 如wash,

clean,

look,cut,

sell,

read,wear,

feel,

draw,

write,

sell等動詞雖然用做主動形式卻表示被動的意義。例如: Thefoodtastes

good.3.非謂語動詞 對非謂語動詞的考點是:感官動詞后不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語和動詞ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的用法;一些特殊動詞的動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時不帶to,但變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時就要帶to;有些動詞既可接不定式也可接動詞ing形式作賓語,但表達(dá)的意思不同。這些都是歷年中考的重點。非謂語動詞的形式 非謂語動詞指的是在句中起名詞,形容詞或副詞作用的動詞形式,而不是作謂語的動詞形式。

動詞的非謂語形式分為動名詞,分詞,動詞不定式。不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語 Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthe

street.

不定式作目的狀語 Heransofastastocatchthefirst

bus.

用不定式和分詞作補(bǔ)足語都可以的動詞

這樣的動詞有感官動詞如:see,

hear,

look,notice,

observe,feel等,使役動詞如:have,

make,

leave,

keep,

get等。接不定式表示動作的完整性,真實性;+doing表示動作的連續(xù)性,進(jìn)行性。

Isaw

himworkin

the

garden

yesterday.

昨天我看見他在花園里干活了。(強(qiáng)調(diào)“我看見了”這個事實)I

saw

him

working

in

the

garden

yesterday.(強(qiáng)調(diào)“我見他正干活”這個動作,昨天我見他正在花園里干活。用不帶to不定式的情況 使役動詞如:

let,

have,

make等和感官動詞如:

see,

watch,

hear,listento,smell,

feel,

find

等后作賓補(bǔ),省略to。在被動語態(tài)中則to不能省掉。接動名詞與不定式意義不同stop

todo

停止,中斷做某事后去做另一件事。

stopdoing

停止做某事。

2)

forget

to

do

忘記要去做某事。

remember

to

do

記得去做某事。

try

todo

努力,企圖做某事。(未做)forget

doing

忘記做過某事。 (已做)(未做) rememberdoing

記得做過某事。 (已做)trydoing 試驗,試著做某事。5)

go

on

to

do

做了一件事后,接著做另一件事。go

on

doing 繼續(xù)做原來做的事。

6)mean

to

do 打算、想mean

doing

意味著容易混淆的常用動詞的辨析say,speak,

talk,

tell

的用法。1)say

表示講話,作為及物動詞使用,后跟賓語或賓語從句。Hesaidhewouldgothere.It'stimetoleave.Wehavetosaygoodbyeto

you.speak

表示“講話”,一般作為不及物動詞使用,而有時作為及物動詞后面跟上各種語言作為賓語。Doyou

speakEnglish? MayIspeaktoMrPope,

please?talk

表示“談話”,是不及物動詞,與

to,

about,with

等連用,才可賓語。Whatareyou

talking

about? MrJacksonistalkingwithmyfatherintheoffice

now.tell表示“告訴,講述”是及物動詞,可以帶雙賓語或復(fù)合賓語。Shetoldusaninterestingstory

yesterday.MyteachertoldmethatwewouldhaveanEnglishexamthenext

month.look,

see,

watch

watch

的用法。look

強(qiáng)調(diào)“看”這個動作,是不及物動詞,常與at

連用,然后接賓語。Look!Thegirlisswimminginthe

lake.Lookatthepicturecarefully.Canyoufindsomething

unusual?see

指“看見”某物,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是結(jié)果。Theycan'tseethewordson

the

blackboard. DoesLilyoftengotoseeafilmon

Sunday?watch

指的是“觀看”,“注視”之意。Thetwinsarewatching

TVnow. Hewillgotowatchavolleyball

match.6學(xué)海無

涯4)

read指“看書”、“看報”、“閱讀”之意。Don'treadin

the

sun. IliketoreadnewspaperswhenIamfree.borrow,lend

keep

的區(qū)別。 1)

borrow

意思為“借入”,常常與

from

連用,是非延續(xù)性動詞,表示瞬間即能完成的動作。Meimeiborrowedabookfromthelibrary

just

now. MayIborrowyour

dictionary?lend

是“借出”之意,常常與

to

連用,同

borrow一樣,是非延續(xù)性動詞,只表示瞬間即能完成的動作。

UncleWany

has

lenthis

car

to

Mr

Li. Couldyoulendusyourradio,

please?keep

是“保存”的意思,動作可以延續(xù)。Howlongcantherecorderbe

kept? Thefarmerkeptthepatfortwo

weeks.bring,

take,carry和

get

的用法。bring

意思為“拿來”、“帶來”。指將某物或某人從別處“帶來”。Bringmethe

book,please. MayIbringJimtoseeyounext

Saturday?take

意思是“拿走”,“帶走”,把某物或某人從這里“帶來”或“拿到”某處之意。Itlookslikerain.Takearaincoat

withyou. Mothertookthelittlegirltothenext

room.carry

是“帶著、搬運(yùn)、攜帶”的意思,指隨身攜帶,有背著、扛著、抱著、提著的含義,不表明來去的方向。Do

you

always

carrya

handbag? Theboxisheavy.Canyoucarry

it?get

是去某處將某物拿回來。Pleasegotomyofficetoget

some

chalk. Thereisnowaterinthebottle.Whynotget

some?wear,

puton

dress

的區(qū)別wear

是“穿著”“戴著”的意思,可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽子、戴手套、佩戴首飾等,強(qiáng)調(diào)“穿著”的狀態(tài)。 Tomalwayswearsblack

shoes.Hewearsaraincoatevenwhenit

is

fine. Shedoesn'tliketoweararedflowersinher

hair.put

on

是“穿上”“戴上”的意思,可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽等。著重于穿戴的動作。It'scold.You'dbetterputon

your

coat. Heputonhishatandwentoutofthe

room.dress

可以作及物動詞和不及物動詞,有“穿著”“打扮”的意思。作“穿著”解時,只用于穿衣服,不用于穿鞋、戴帽、戴手套。作為及物動詞用時,它的賓語是人,不是衣服。dress

sb.

(給某人穿衣服),而

wear

作“穿著”用時,也是及物動詞,但它的賓語是物,不是人,即wear

sth.(穿著衣物)。Shealways

dresses

well. Getupand

dressquickly. Maryisdressingher

child.take,

spend和

use

的用法。take

指做某事用多少時間,句型是:Ittakes/took/

willtake

+sb.

+some

time

+

todo

sth.Ittookmethreedaystofinishthe

work.Itwilltakeyouawhileweektotravelthoughttheforest.Ittakesonlyonehourtoflyto

Shanghai.spend

指某人在某事(物)上花費(fèi)時間或錢。句型是:Someonespends+money/time+onsomething(in)doing

sth.Shespentmorethan500yuanonthatcoat.Hedidn'tspendmuchtimeonhislessons.Hespentmuchtime(in)correctingstudents'exercises.Motherspentherevenings(in)washing

clothes.use

表示使用工具、手段等。Doyouknowhowtouse

the

computer? Shallweuseyour

car?reach,

get和

arrive

的區(qū)別。reach

是及物動詞,后面要直接跟表示地點的名詞作賓語。Afterthetrainhadleft,theyreached

the

station Wereachedthetopofthemountainatlast.get

是不及動詞,常與

to

連用,再接名詞,后面接表示地點的副詞時,不用

to,getto

常用于口語中。Whenthestudentsgottothecinema,thefilmhadbegun.Mysisterwascookingwhenmothergot

home.arrive

是不及物動詞,表示到達(dá)一個小地方時,用

arriveat,

到達(dá)一個大地方時用

arrivein。Thesoldiersarrivedata

small

village TheforeignerswillarriveinShanghai

tomorrow.【演練】Listen!Someof

the

girls

aboutHarryPotter.Let’sjoin

them.A.

are

talking B.

Talk C.

will

talk D.talkedOurteacher,

MissChen,

Englishontheradiothedaybefore

yesterday.A.

teaches B.

Taught C.

will

teach D.had

taughtIdon’tthink

I

youinthatdress

before.7學(xué)海無

涯A.

have

seen B.

was

seeing C.

saw D.seeSusan’sparentshaveboughtalargehousewithaswimming

pool.

It

bevery

expensive.A.

must B.

can C.mustn’t D.can’tCoffeeisready.How

nice

it

!Wouldyoulike

some?A.

looks B.

smells C.

sounds D.feels“Mr.Zhu,

you’d

better

toomuchmeat.Youarealreadyoverweight,”saidthe

doctor.A.not

to

eat B.

to

eat C.

noteat D.eat“Don’talways

makeMichael

thisorthat.Heisalreadyabigboy,dear,”Mr.Bushsaidtohis

wife.A.

do B.

todo C.does D.didSorry,Ican’thearyouclearly.Will

you

please

yourE-mailaddress?I’llwriteit

down.A.

review B.

recite C.report D.repeatDon’t

yourcoat,Tom!It’seasytocatchcoldin

spring.A.

take

away B.

take

off C.

take

down D.take

outYou

goandask

Meimei.

She

knowthe

answer.A.

must;

can B.

must;

may C.

need;

can D.can;

mayI’msorryyou’vemissedthe

train.

It

10minutes

ago.A.

left B.

has

left C.had

left D.hasbeen

leftIboughtanewdictionary

andit

me30

yuan.A.

paid B.

spent C.

took D.costMum,mayIgooutand

playbasketball?

you

yourhomework

yet?A.

Do;

finish B.

Are;

finishing C.

Did;

finishing D.Have;

finishedIhavetogonow.Please

remember

to

thelightswhenyou

leave.A.turn

off B.

turn

down C.

turn

up D.turn

onAtalkon

Chinese

history

intheschoolnext

week.A.

be

given B.has

been

given C.will

be

given D.will

giveLook!Howheavytherainis!You’dbetter

.A.don’t

go

now B.stayherewhenit

stopsC.notleaveuntil

itstops D.nottoleaveat

onceYoumaygofishingif

your

work

.A.

is

done B.willbe

done C.

has

done D.have

doneCotton

niceand

soft.A.is

felt B.is

feeling C.

feel D.feelsWhocleanedtheblackboardyesterday,

Dick?

John

.A.

cleaned B.

does C.

did D.isLindahadnothingforbreakfast

thismorning,

?No.Shegotuptoo

late.A.

had

she B.hadn’tshe C.

did

she D.didn’t

she專題四:數(shù)詞、冠詞考點集匯,講解和訓(xùn)練一.

冠詞的用法 冠詞是虛詞,放在名詞之前,用來說明名詞指的人或事物。冠詞有兩種。A(an)叫不定冠詞,the

叫定冠詞。A

用在輔音之前,an

用在元音之前。不定冠詞的用法(1)

a

an

均用在單數(shù)名詞之前,表示某一類人或事物。例如:Johnis

a

student. MaryisanEnglish

teacher.指某一類人或事物中的任何一個。例如:Asteelworker

makes

steel. Passmeanapple,

please.指某人或某物,但不具體說明何人或和物。例如:Astudentwantsto

see

you. Agirliswaitingforyou

outside.表示“每一”的意思,相當(dāng)于

every。例如:Takethemedicinethreetimes

a

day. Theygotoseetheirparentsoncea

week.定冠詞用法 (1)

特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。例如:Thebookonthedeskisan

English

dictionary. Beijingisthecapitalof

China.指說話人和聽話人都熟悉的人或事物。例如:Open

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