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第=page11頁(yè),共=sectionpages11頁(yè)2022-2023學(xué)年河北省保定市部分示范高中高二(下)期末英語(yǔ)試卷一、閱讀理解(本大題共15小題,共37.5分)A閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。
Downsyndrome(唐氏綜合征)changesthecourseoftheindividual'sdevelopmentandcauseslearningdisabilities.Butthisdoesn'tmeanpeoplewithDownsyndromearenotcapableofbeingsuccessfulinlife.
KarenGaffney
SheisthefirstpersonwithDownsyndrometocompletearelayswimoftheEnglishChannel.Sheisalsoanoteworthy(顯著的)individualforbeingthefirstpersonwithDownsyndrometobeawardedanhonorarydoctor'sdegree.KarenservesasthepresidentoftheKarenGaffneyFoundationofPortland.TheorganizationisdedicatedtohelpingthosewhohaveDownsyndrome.
MadelineStuart
SheisanAustralianmodelwiththisdisorder.Sheisresponsibleforchangingthefaceofthemodelingindustry.She'swalkedinNewYorkFashionWeek,ParisFashionWeekandLondonFashionWeek,despitehavingDownsyndrome.Madelineiscreditedasbeingtheworld'sfirstsupermodelwithDownsyndrome.
TommyJessop
HeisnoteworthyforbeingoneofthefirstDownsyndromeactorstostarinaprime-time(黃金時(shí)段)BBCdrama.Ontopofactinginmovies,Tommyhasplayedmanypartsintheater,suchastheroleofHamlet.HehaswonseveralBestActorAwardsandreceivedanhonourablementionforhisactingtalentfromthe17thEuropeanFilmFestivalKoszalin,Poland.
ColletteDivitto
SheisresponsibleforfoundingCollettey'sCookies,acookiecompanybasedinBoston.Afterfailingtofindajobfor2years,Collettewasinspiredbyherfriendstoopenherownbusiness,whichisstilldoingwell.Collettey'sCookiesemploysaround20peopleandabouthalfofthemarepeoplewithdisabilities.Shehopestohelpcreatemorejobsforpeoplewithdisabilities.1.Whowentthefurthestacademically?______A.KarenGaffney. B.TommyJessop.
C.MadelineStuart. D.ColletteDivitto.2.WhatdoweknowaboutMadelineStuart?______A.ShesetupCollettey'sCookies.
B.ShewonseveralBestActorAwards.
C.ShecompletedarelayswimoftheEnglishChannel.
D.Sheistheworld'sfirstsupermodelwithDownsyndrome.3.Whereisthetextmostlikelyfrom?______A.AreviewonHollywoodfilms. B.Afashionmagazine.
C.Abookofinspirationalstories. D.Atextbookonmathematics.BForme,nothingismoresatisfyingthandiscoveringhiddenpreciousstonesinsecondhandshops.Afterall,oneperson'sgarbagemaybeanotherperson'streasure,Icanspendhourssortingthroughboxesofoldphotography.
Twoyearsago,Icameacrossacollectionofloose,dustyphotos.Ilookedtoseeiftherewereanynamesonthebacks,Ithoughtthatiftheseweremineormyfamily's,I'dwantsomeonetoreturnthemtome.SoImadeitmygoaltodosoforothers.
Sincethen,I'vevisitedsecondhandshopsweekly,andhavecollectedmorethan50,000oftheseitems.IorganizetheminbigboxesallovermyhouseinNewYork.
I'vealsosetupasocialmediaaccounttohelpreuniteitemswiththeirownersorotherfamilymembers.ThefirstitemIpostedwasavideotapeofafamilyholidayandIdigitized(數(shù)字化)it.Itwasavideooftwoparentsandasonofuniversityageonatripinthe1990s-thesonwaswearingaT-shirtwiththewords"Wesleyanswimming"onit.
MyfansonsocialmediacontactedthesportsdepartmentsinuniversitiesacrosstheUSandaskedswimmingcoachesfromthe1990siftheyrecognizedthestudent,Atlast,thefamilywasfound.Theycouldn'tbelieveitandwasoverjoyedtobereunitedwiththetape.Then,thefamilyrevisitedsomeofthememoriestogether.
Peopleareoftenquiteemotionalwhenseeingtheitemsagain—mostoftheseitemsarelostafterahousemoveorafamilydeath,becausetheythoughttheywouldneverseetheseitemsagain.Ihavesomerules,includingnotsharingsensitivephotographsandremovingpostsifthefamilydoesnotwanttheirmemoriesonline.Iwanttoencouragepeopletoprotecttheirownfamilyhistorysothattheydon'tgetlost.4.Whydidtheauthorreturnoldphotostwoyearsago?______A.Todiscovermorestoriesbehindthem.
B.Toexchangethemformorevaluableitems.
C.Todowhathethoughtwasworthdoing.
D.Toavoidmorerubbisharoundincommunity.5.Howdidthefamilyreunitewiththevideotape?______A.Withthehelpoftheauthorandhisfans.
B.Byseeingthedigitizedtapeonaposter.
C.Byrecallingthepast.
D.ThroughaT-shirtwiththefamilynames.6.What'stheprobablereactionofpeopleseeingthelostitemsagain?______A.Theyfeelaloss.
B.Theycleanthemagain.
C.Theytendtoremovethem.
D.They'refilledwithstrongfeelings.7.Whatisaruleobservedbytheauthor?______A.Throwingtheitemsintotherubbish.
B.Deletingtheonlinepostsifnotpermitted.
C.Returninglostitemstosocialorganizations.
D.Givingupsocialmediaasmuchaspossible.COverthepast50years,itturnsoutthathigh-speedtrainsarenotjustreducingjourneytimes,butmostimportantly,it'sdrivingeconomicgrowth,creatingjobopportunitiesandbringingcommunitiesclosertogether.
AlthoughJapanstartedthetrendwithitsShinkansen"BulletTrains"in1964,itwasthecomingofFrance'sTGVintheearly1980sthatreallypromotedaglobalhigh-speedtrainrevolutionthatcontinuedtospeedup.Chinahasbuiltaround42,000kilometersofhigh-speedrailwayssince2008andplanstotop70,000kilometersby2035.
ButtheUnitedStatesdetouredtherevolution.Fortherichandeconomicallysuccessfulnationontheplanet,withanincreasinglyurbanizedpopulationofmorethan300million,itisincreasinglydifficulttogiveagoodreason.Carsandairplaneshavedominatedlong-distancetravelintheUnitedStatessincethe1950s.NowAmericansstillalmostentirelydependoncrowdedhighwaysorairlinenetworksthatareeasytocollapse.
"ManyAmericanshavenoconceptofhigh-speedrailandfailtoseeitsvalue,"saysWilliamC.Vantuono,editor-in-chiefofRailwayAge,NorthAmerica'soldestrailroadindustrypublication.
"It'slogicalthattheUnitedStateshasn'tyetdevelopedanationwidehigh-speednetwork,"saysScottSherin,chiefcommercialofficeroftrainbuilderAlstom'sUSdivision."Fordecades,travelingbycarwasn'tahardship,butashighwaycongestion(堵塞)getsworse,we'vereachedastagewhereweshouldstartlookingmoreseriouslyforthealternatives."
"Themagicnumbersarecentersofpopulationwitharoundthreemillionpeoplethatare200to500milesapart,givingatriptimeoflessthanthreehours—preferablytwohours,wherethoseconditionsapplyinEuropeandAsia,high-speedrailreducesair'sshareofthemarketfrom100%tonearzero.ThemodelwouldworkjustaswellintheUSAasitdoesglobally."addsScottSherin.8.Whatisparagraph1mainlyabout?______A.Thevalueofhigh-speedtrains.
B.Thegrowthofhigh-speedtrains.
C.Thehardshipofhigh-speedtrains.
D.Therevolutionofhigh-speedtrains.9.Whatisthepurposeofparagraph2?______A.Tointroduceanewtopic. B.Togiveapossibleexplanation.
C.Todefineameaning. D.Todrawacomparison.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"detoured"inparagraph3mean?______A.Didn'tgetinvolvedin. B.Didn'tchange.
C.Didn'tgiveup. D.Didn'tprotest.11.WhatdoesScottSherinthinkoftheUnitedStatesdevelopinghigh-speedtrains?______A.Itisdevelopinghigh-speedrail.
B.Itshouldbecautious.
C.Itislosingitsmarketshare.
D.Itshouldbeflexible.DSleepiswidelyrecognizedasoneoflife'snecessaryprocesses.Butdoyouknowthatsleeplessnightscanalsoleadtoselfishbehavior?Insufficientsleepaffectshowlikelyapersonistohelpsomeone,accordingtonewresearchpublishedinthejournalPLOSBiology.
ResearchersfromtheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,conductedthreestudieslookingatthis"selfish"effect,analyzingchangesinneural(神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的)activityandbehaviorthatbenefitothers,andfounditwascommonevenafterasmalllossofsleep.
ResearchscientistsEtiBenSimonandMatthewWalkertoldthatthisfindingwasmostsurprising."Evenifweonlysleeponehourless,itisenoughtoinfluencethechoicetohelpanotherandhitournaturalhumankindnessandourmotivationtohelpotherpeopleinneed,"saidBenSimon.
Inthefirststudy,bylookingatadatabaseof3millioncharitabledonationsbetween2001and2016,EtiBenSimon,MatthewWalkerandtheircolleaguessawa10%dropindonationsfollowingDaylightSavingTime(夏令時(shí)).Thisdropwasnotseeninstatesthatdon'tfollowtheone-hourforward,Inthesecondstudy,theresearcherslookedatthebrainactivityof24peopleaftereighthoursofsleepandafteranightofnosleep.Theareasofthebrainassociatedwiththeoryofmindwerelessactiveaftersleeploss,thisstudyfound.Inthethirdstudy,whichmeasuredthesleepofmorethan100peopleacrossthreetofournights,researchersunexpectedlyfoundthatsleepquantityandqualitybothtypicallyinfluencedemotionalandsocialbehavior."Thesefindingscouldsuggestthatoncesleeptimerisesabovesomebasicamount,sleepqualityisthemostcriticalfactorthatinfluencesdesiretohelpotherpeople,"Dr.IvanaRosenzweig,asleepphysiciansaid.
BenSimonandWalkerhopetheirresearchwillallowpeopletoregainafullnightofsleepifnecessary."Sleeplossfundamentallychangesthewaywearesocialandemotionalcreatures,"Walkersaid.12.Whatwillhappenifpeoplelacksleepaccordingtonewresearch?______A.Itmakesthemkindandmotivated.
B.Itwillcausedamagetotheirhealth.
C.Itwillincreasethepossibilityofhelpingothers.
D.Itmaydiscouragethemfromdoinggooddeeds.13.Whatcanweknowaboutthefirststudyfromthetext?______A.Itwasbasedonadatabasefromadvertisers.
B.Itdiscoveredthebrainlessactiveaftersleeploss.
C.Itsawa10%dropindonationsinallstates.
D.Itfocusedonthedonationbehaviorofpeople.14.Howisthetextorganized?______A.Hypothetical—Real. B.Cause—Effect.
C.Phenomenon—Analysis. D.General—Particular.15.Whatcanbethebesttitleofthetext?______A.ThreeImportantStudies
B.TheLessSleep,theMoreSelfish?
C.ADelightfulFindingaboutSleepLoss
D.SleepQualityorSleepQuantityMattersMore?二、閱讀七選五(本大題共5小題,共12.5分)HowtocreateanindoorgardenIfyou'relookingforawaytobrightenupyourhome,considercreatinganindoorgarden.(1)______Wewillsharesomebasictipsonhowtomakeyourslookitsbest.
Knowthetypeofplantsyouwant
Decidingisprobablythehardestpartwhenitcomestocreatinganindoorgardenbecausetherearejustsomanyplantstochoosefrom.Startbythinkingaboutwhattypeofplantsyouwant.
(2)______Ormaybesomethingthatdoesn'tneedmuchattentionoreffort?Onceyouhaveanideaofthetypeofplantyouwant,youcanstartnarrowingdownyouroptions.
Gettherightpottingsoilandcontainers
Nowthatyouknowwhattypeofplantsyouwant,it'stimetogettherightpottingsoilandcontainers.Makesuretogetapottingmixthatisspecificallydesignedforindoorplants.(3)______Asforcontainers,youcanreallyuseanythingaslongasithasdrainageholes.
ChooseabrightlocationOnceyouhaveyourplantsandpots,it'stimetochoosealocationforyourindoorgarden.(4)______Thiswillhelpyourplantsgrowandstayhealthy.Ifyoudon'thaveaspotthatgetsalotoflight,youcanalwaysuseartificiallightinglikegrowlights.
(5)______
Inadditiontowatering,you'llalsoneedtoaddsubstancetoyourplantsaboutonceamonth.Thiswillhelpthemgrowandstayhealthy.Justbesuretofollowtheinstructionsonthepackage.Don'toverdoit.
A.Givefertilisermonthly.
B.Howexactlycanwemakeone?
C.Followtheinstructioncorrectly.
D.Butdon'tworry,we'reheretohelp.
E.Thiswillhelpyourplantsgrowstrong.
F.Doyouwantsomethingthatwillblossom?
G.Lookforaspotinyourhomethatgetsalotofnaturallight.16.
A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.
A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.
A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.
A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G20.
A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空(本大題共15小題,共15.0分)Tinaoftendiscussedwithherparentswhethertheyshouldgetapetdog.However,theyalways(1)______thattrainingadogwouldbetoodistractingforTina,andtheycouldn't(2)______thevet(獸醫(yī))andfoodbillswiththeirlowincome.
Oneday,whentheywerewalkingalonganarrowpathtolookformushroom,apainfilledhowl(嗥叫)rangthroughthetrees.Tinaandherparentsgot(3)______.
"That'sadog."Tinaheadedoffinthe(4)______ofthewolf.
"Wait,Tina!"Herdadreachedforherarmbut(5)______."Itcouldbeawolf."
"Evenifitis,it'sstillhurt,"Tinasaidassheheadeddeepintotheforest."We'vegottohelpit."
Tina'sparents(6)______her,butTinawassoonoutof(7)______.Whentheycaughtupwithher,shewaskneeingdownbesideahuntingdog.Itwasobviousthathewas(8)______inatrap.Tina'sdadbentforwardto(9)______thedogandfoundthetrapclosedoverthedog'spaw(爪).Later,Tina'sdadtookouthisknifeto(10)______thetrap.(11)______thetrapdidn'tbreakanybones.
Tina'smotherhadgrownupinafamilyofhuntersandwaswell(12)______thatthedogwaswell-trained.
Theytookthedoghome,andTina'sdadtreatedhis(13)______.AlthoughTina'sparentsinitiallyintendedtosendthedogtoa(14)______wheretherewouldbekindpeopletakingcareofhim,thefamilyquicklygrewtolovehim,sothey(15)______theiridea.TinanamedthedogRockyandhebecameafamilymember.21.
A.dreamed B.concluded C.guaranteed D.regretted22.
A.anticipate B.investigate C.distribute D.afford23.
A.disappointed B.energetic C.defensive D.delighted24.
A.core B.direction C.means D.schedule25.
A.missed B.ignored C.forgot D.dropped26.
A.conflictedwith B.interactedwith
C.wentafter D.calledon27.
A.balance B.sight C.danger D.condition28.
A.blamed B.purchased C.separated D.caught29.
A.examine B.protect C.emphasize D.applaud30.
A.explore B.polish C.connect D.free31.
A.Suddenly B.Fortunately C.Gradually D.Secretly32.
A.afraid B.proud C.aware D.anxious33.
A.wound B.head C.illness D.tail34.
A.shelter B.forest C.market D.kitchen35.
A.assessed B.challenged C.changed D.invested四、語(yǔ)法填空(本大題共1小題,共15.0分)36.閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
TangsuitoftenreferstoatypeofChinesejackets.ThewordofTangsuitwascreatedbytheoverseasChinesepeople.
Tangsuithastwo(1)______(vary)inChineseculture,whichare(2)______(striking)differentfromeachotherinstyle.OnereferstotherealTang-eraclothesdevelopingfromHanfu,(3)______(give)afreeandeasyandelegantimpression;(4)______otherreferstotheManchumale'sjacketdevelopingfrommaguaoftheQingDynasty,anditismadebyabsorbingaWestern-stylesuitcuttingmethod,AtypicaldesignofaTangsuitemploystheChinesecharacters,suchasFuandShou(5)______(express)goodfortuneandbestwishes,(6)______isextremelypopularamongtheChinesepeople.
Tangsuit(7)______(have)agreatinfluenceontheclothingstylesofothercountriesuptillnow.TheJapanesekimono(和服)ismade(8)______thebasisofpaooftheTangDynasty,andithasbecomethenationalclothingofJapan.Asanessentialpartof(9)______(tradition)Chineseculture,Tangsuits(10)______(wear)byoverseasChinesepeopleduringtheSpringFestivaleachyear,appealingtomanyforeignerstowearthen,MoreandmoreyoungChinesepeopleareinclinedtowearTangsuitsinsteadofWestern-stylesuitsanddressesontheirbigdays.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)五、書(shū)面表達(dá)(本大題共2小題,共40.0分)37.假定你是李華,你報(bào)名參加了國(guó)外的一項(xiàng)夏令營(yíng)活動(dòng),下個(gè)星期要進(jìn)行面試。請(qǐng)你用英語(yǔ)給交換生James寫一封郵件,內(nèi)容包括
(1)寫信目的;
(2)咨詢面試技巧;
(3)期待回復(fù)。
注意:
(1)寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右;
(2)請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。
DearJames,___________
Yours,LiHua38."Hey,Adam,I'msorryI'mnottherewithyourightnow.Happybirthday."
"Thanks,Dad.Areyoucominghomelaterfortheparty?"
"Um,well,something'scomeup,darling.Imightnotbeabletomakeit,butI'llhaveRosegetyouthebestcake.Justtellherwhatyouneed,OK?Sorry,Ireallywanttobethere,butyouknowhowbusymyworkisrightnow...I'mreallybusy."
Thecallwentsilent."Hey,Adam,Youthere?I'lltrytomaketime,OK?Hello?..."
Jadenremovedthephonefromhisearandrealizedthecallwasdisconnected.Adamhadhungup.
Jadenletoutasigh."I'msorry,thisissomethingI'mdoingforyou."
Jadenownedamillion-dollarfarmbusiness,andhewasplanningonexpandingit.Forthatveryreason,hewasseveralmilesawayfromhisson,travelingtoavillage.
Hepulledthecarneartheroadsideanddialedhissonimmediately.Butclearly,thecalldidn'tgowell,Likeseveralothertimes,AdamwasdisappointedthatJadenwasn'tthereforhim.
WhenAdamwasachild,Jadencouldeasilyaskhimforforgivenessbygettinghimtoys,chocolatesandanythingtheboyloved.
Butasan11-year-oldboy,Adamhadstartedcomprehendingthings.Hewasbecomingcuriousandknewhisdadwasputtingworkbeforehim.Thathurttheyoungsterinmanyways,andsinceJaden'swifepassedawayandhewasn'talwaysthereforAdam,theboywasbeinglookedafterbyhisaunt,Rose.
AsJadenwasdrivingalongtheroughroad,suddenlyhefoundacarstoppedthereandthedriverwaswavingtohim.Jadensteppedoutofhiscarandapproachedthedriver,"What'sup,sir?"
"I'mPaul,sorrytointerruptyou.I'mdrivingalongwayheretomeetaclient,butthebatteryofmysmartphonerunsoutandmyGPSdoesn'twork,soIcan'tfigureouttheroute.IregretnotbringingmydriverforhiswifewasillandIthinkheneedsmoretimetoaccompanyhiswife,"themansaidanxiously,AfterguidingPaultohisclient,Jadenwaslostinthought.
注意:
(1)續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右;
(2)請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。
Jadenchangedhisidea,thinkingitwasthemostimportanttocelebratehisson'sbirthday.________
Afterrunningforfifteenminutes,Jadenwasoutofbreathwhenhereachedhome.__________
答案和解析1~3.【答案】A、D、C【解析】(1)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段KarenGaffney標(biāo)題下Sheisalsoanoteworthy(顯著的)individualforbeingthefirstpersonwithDownsyndrometobeawardedanhonorarydoctor'sdegree.(她也是第一位被授予榮譽(yù)博士學(xué)位的唐氏綜合癥患者)可知,KarenGaffney獲得了博士學(xué)位,即最高的學(xué)歷,故選A。
(2)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段MadelineStuart標(biāo)題下Madelineiscreditedasbeingtheworld'sfirstsupermodelwithDownsyndrome.(Madeline被認(rèn)為是世界上第一個(gè)患有唐氏綜合癥的超模。)可知,Madeline是世界上第一個(gè)患有唐氏綜合癥的超模。故選D。
(3)推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段SheisthefirstpersonwithDownsyndrometocompletearelayswimoftheEnglishChannel.(她是第一個(gè)完成英吉利海峽接力游的唐氏綜合癥患者),第三段SheisanAustralianmodelwiththisdisorder.(她是一名患有這種疾病的澳大利亞模特),第四段HeisnoteworthyforbeingoneofthefirstDownsyndromeactorstostarinaprime-time(黃金時(shí)段)BBCdrama(他是第一批出演BBC黃金時(shí)段電視劇的唐氏綜合癥演員之一)以及第五段SheisresponsibleforfoundingCollettey'sCookies,acookiecompanybasedinBoston.(她負(fù)責(zé)創(chuàng)立Colletey'sCookies,這是一家總部位于波士頓的餅干公司。)可知,文章列舉了四個(gè)患有唐氏綜合癥的人在生活中取得成功的故事,來(lái)激勵(lì)人們即使患有唐氏綜合癥,依然可以擁有成功的人生。因此本文最可能來(lái)自于一本激勵(lì)人心的故事書(shū),故選C。
這篇短文主要介紹了幾位患有唐氏綜合癥的人士的成功故事。Karen
Gaffney是第一位完成英吉利海峽接力游泳的唐氏綜合癥患者,也是第一位獲得榮譽(yù)博士學(xué)位的唐氏綜合癥患者。Madeline
Stuart是第一位在時(shí)裝周上走秀的唐氏綜合癥超模。Tommy
Jessop是首位在BBC黃金時(shí)段劇集中擔(dān)任主演的唐氏綜合癥演員。Collette
Divitto是創(chuàng)辦了一家以波士頓為基地的餅干公司,雇傭了許多患有殘疾的員工。他們的故事展示了唐氏綜合癥患者也能在生活中取得成功。
1.直接信息題:直接信息題是指能夠直接從原文中找到信息,選項(xiàng)在語(yǔ)言表達(dá)上與原文基本一致的題目。2.間接信息題:間接信息題是能夠從原文中找到信息,但在語(yǔ)言表達(dá)上與原文有差異,做題時(shí)需要對(duì)原文信息進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換。3.綜合信息題:綜合信息題是指這類題目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句話,可能是原文的幾句話,或者是散落在文章不同的地方,要求學(xué)生把原文所提供的信息綜合起來(lái)分析,而不能斷章取義。
4~7.【答案】C、A、D、B【解析】(1)推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段Ilookedtoseeiftherewereanynamesonthebacks,Ithoughtthatiftheseweremineormyfamily's,I'dwantsomeonetoreturnthemtome.SoImadeitmygoaltodosoforothers.(我看了看背面是否有名字,我想如果這些是我的或我家人的,我希望有人能把它們還給我。所以我把為別人做這件事作為我的目標(biāo)。)可知,作者之所以這樣做,是因?yàn)樽髡哂X(jué)得這是值得的。故選C。
(2)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段MyfansonsocialmediacontactedthesportsdepartmentsinuniversitiesacrosstheUSandaskedswimmingcoachesfromthe1990siftheyrecognizedthestudent.(我在社交媒體上的粉絲聯(lián)系了美國(guó)各大學(xué)的體育系,詢問(wèn)上世紀(jì)90年代的游泳教練是否認(rèn)出了這名學(xué)生。)可知,這家人之所以能和錄音帶重聚是得到了作者和作者的粉絲的幫助。故選A。
(3)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段Peopleareoftenquiteemotionalwhenseeingtheitemsagain—mostoftheseitemsarelostafterahousemoveorafamilydeath,becausetheythoughttheywouldneverseetheseitemsagain.(當(dāng)人們?cè)俅慰吹竭@些東西時(shí),往往會(huì)很激動(dòng)——大多數(shù)這些東西都是在搬家或家人去世后丟失的,因?yàn)樗麄円詾樵僖惨?jiàn)不到這些東西了。)可知,當(dāng)人們看到丟失很久的物件時(shí),通常會(huì)感到非常激動(dòng)。故選D。
(4)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段Ihavesomerules,includingnotsharingsensitivephotographsandremovingpostsifthefamilydoesnotwanttheirmemoriesonline.(我有一些規(guī)則,包括不分享敏感照片,如果家人不希望他們的記憶在網(wǎng)上,就刪除帖子。)可知,作者做這些事情的規(guī)則是不分享敏感照片,如果得不到對(duì)方的允許,作者就會(huì)刪除帖子。故選B。
本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者自己的經(jīng)歷,作者經(jīng)常去二手商店收集一些舊物,并幫助這些舊物找到自己的主人。
做這類題材閱讀理解時(shí)要求考生對(duì)文章通讀一遍,做題時(shí)結(jié)合原文和題目有針對(duì)性的找出相關(guān)語(yǔ)句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析,結(jié)合選項(xiàng)選出正確答案。推理判斷題也是要在抓住關(guān)鍵句子的基礎(chǔ)上合理的分析才能得出正確答案,切忌胡亂猜測(cè),一定要做到有理有據(jù)。
8~11.【答案】A、D、A、D【解析】(1)段落大意題。根據(jù)第一段Overthepast50years,itturnsoutthathigh-speedtrainsarenotjustreducingjourneytimes,butmostimportantly,it'sdrivingeconomicgrowth,creatingjobopportunitiesandbringingcommunitiesclosertogether.(在過(guò)去的50年里,事實(shí)證明,高鐵不僅縮短了旅行時(shí)間,更重要的是,它推動(dòng)了經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng),創(chuàng)造了就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì),使社區(qū)更加緊密)可知,第一段主要表達(dá)了高鐵的社會(huì)價(jià)值。故選A。
(2)推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段AlthoughJapanstartedthetrendwithitsShinkansen"BulletTrains"in1964,itwasthecomingofFrance'sTGVintheearly1980sthatreallypromotedaglobalhigh-speedtrainrevolutionthatcontinuedtospeedup.Chinahasbuiltaround42,000kilometersofhigh-speedrailwayssince2008andplanstotop70,000kilometersby2035.(雖然日本在1964年就以新干線"子彈頭列車"開(kāi)啟了這一潮流,但真正推動(dòng)全球高速列車革命并持續(xù)加速的,是20世紀(jì)80年代初法國(guó)TGV的到來(lái)。自2008年以來(lái),中國(guó)已經(jīng)建設(shè)了大約4.2萬(wàn)公里的高速鐵路,并計(jì)劃到2035年超過(guò)7萬(wàn)公里)可知,第二段分別對(duì)日本、法國(guó)和中國(guó)在高鐵發(fā)展方面所做出的的成績(jī)作了說(shuō)明,接著引出第三段ButtheUnitedStatesdetouredtherevolution.(但是美國(guó)避開(kāi)了這場(chǎng)革命)。由此推知,第二段的目的是為了與美國(guó)高鐵發(fā)展的現(xiàn)狀作對(duì)比,進(jìn)一步講述美國(guó)的交通現(xiàn)狀和對(duì)待高鐵的態(tài)度。故選D。
(3)詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段Carsandairplaneshavedominatedlong-distancetravelintheUnitedStatessincethe1950s.NowAmericansstillalmostentirelydependoncrowdedhighwaysorairlinenetworksthatareeasytocollapse.(自20世紀(jì)50年代以來(lái),汽車和飛機(jī)一直主導(dǎo)著美國(guó)的長(zhǎng)途旅行。現(xiàn)在,美國(guó)人仍然幾乎完全依賴于擁擠的高速公路或容易崩潰的航空網(wǎng)絡(luò))和第三段劃線句ButtheUnitedStatesdetouredtherevolution.(但是美國(guó)避開(kāi)了這場(chǎng)革命)。由此可知,劃線詞"detoured"表示"沒(méi)有參與"。A.Didn't
get
involved
in沒(méi)有參與;B.Didn't
change不改變;C.Didn't
give
up不放棄;D.Didn't
protest不抗議。故選A。
(4)推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段Scott的話Fordecades,travelingbycarwasn'tahardship,butashighwaycongestion(堵塞)getsworse,we'vereachedastagewhereweshouldstartlookingmoreseriouslyforthealternatives.(幾十年來(lái),開(kāi)車出行并不是一件難事,但隨著高速公路擁堵的加劇,我們已經(jīng)到了一個(gè)應(yīng)該開(kāi)始更認(rèn)真地尋找替代方案的階段)和最后一段ThemodelwouldworkjustaswellintheUSAasitdoesglobally.(這種模式在美國(guó)和在全球同樣有效)可推知,ScottSherin認(rèn)為高鐵在美國(guó)的發(fā)展應(yīng)該是靈活的。故選D。
本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。在過(guò)去的五十年里,高鐵的發(fā)展推動(dòng)了經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,創(chuàng)造了巨大的社會(huì)價(jià)值。本文主要介紹了美國(guó)的交通現(xiàn)狀及美國(guó)人對(duì)高鐵的認(rèn)知和態(tài)度,分析了高鐵在美國(guó)未來(lái)發(fā)展的可能性。
做這類題材閱讀理解時(shí)要求考生對(duì)文章通讀一遍,做題時(shí)結(jié)合原文和題目有針對(duì)性的找出相關(guān)語(yǔ)句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析,結(jié)合選項(xiàng)選出正確答案。做題時(shí)要在抓住關(guān)鍵句子的基礎(chǔ)上合理的分析才能得出正確答案,切忌胡亂猜測(cè),一定要做到有理有據(jù)。
12~15.【答案】D、D、C、B【解析】(1)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段Insufficientsleepaffectshowlikelyapersonistohelpsomeone,accordingtonewresearchpublishedinthejournalPLOSBiology.(根據(jù)發(fā)表在《公共科學(xué)圖書(shū)館之生物學(xué)》雜志上的一項(xiàng)新研究,睡眠不足會(huì)影響一個(gè)人幫助別人的可能性。)以及第三段"Evenifweonlysleeponehourless,itisenoughtoinfluencethechoicetohelpanotherandhitournaturalhumankindnessandourmotivationtohelpotherpeopleinneed,"saidBenSimon.(BenSimon說(shuō):"即使我們只少睡一個(gè)小時(shí),也足以影響我們幫助別人的選擇,打擊我們?nèi)诵缘纳屏己蛶椭行枰娜说膭?dòng)機(jī)。")可知,睡眠不足會(huì)影響一個(gè)人幫助別人的選擇,當(dāng)一個(gè)人缺少睡眠的時(shí)候,就不太愿意幫助別人。故選D。
(2)推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段Inthefirststudy,bylookingatadatabaseof3millioncharitabledonationsbetween2001and2016,EtiBenSimon,MatthewWalkerandtheircolleaguessawa10%dropindonationsfollowingDaylightSavingTime.(在第一項(xiàng)研究中,通過(guò)查看2001年至2016年期間300萬(wàn)筆慈善捐款的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),EtiBenSimon、MatthewWalker和他們的同事發(fā)現(xiàn),夏令時(shí)后捐款減少了10%。)可知,第一項(xiàng)研究主要是查看2001年至2016年期間的慈善捐款的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)情況,所以文中提到的第一項(xiàng)研究主要集中在研究人們的捐款行為的變化。故選D。
(3)寫作手法題。根據(jù)文章第一段Sleepiswidelyrecognizedasoneoflife'snecessaryprocesses.Butdoyouknowthatsleeplessnightscanalsoleadtoselfishbehavior?Insufficientsleepaffectshowlikelyapersonistohelpsomeone,accordingtonewresearchpublishedinthejournalPLOSBiology.(睡眠被廣泛認(rèn)為是生命的必要過(guò)程之一。但是你是否知道不眠之夜也會(huì)導(dǎo)致自私的行為?根據(jù)發(fā)表在《公共科學(xué)圖書(shū)館之生物學(xué)》雜志上的一項(xiàng)新研究,睡眠不足會(huì)影響一個(gè)人幫助別人的可能性。)可知,第一段首先提出一個(gè)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)的結(jié)果,或者說(shuō)是一種現(xiàn)象。而下文則對(duì)這種現(xiàn)象的產(chǎn)生進(jìn)行了分析與研究。故選C。
(4)標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)文章第一段Sleepiswidelyrecognizedasoneoflife'snecessaryprocesses.Butdoyouknowthatsleeplessnightscanalsoleadtoselfishbehavior?Insufficientsleepaffectshowlikelyapersonistohelpsomeone,accordingtonewresearchpublishedinthejournalPLOSBiology.(睡眠被廣泛認(rèn)為是生命的必要過(guò)程之一。但是你是否知道不眠之夜也會(huì)導(dǎo)致自私的行為?根據(jù)發(fā)表在《公共科學(xué)圖書(shū)館之生物學(xué)》雜志上的一項(xiàng)新研究,睡眠不足會(huì)影響一個(gè)人幫助別人的可能性。)以及全文內(nèi)容可知,文章主要講的是睡眠不足會(huì)影響一個(gè)人幫助別人的可能性,也就是說(shuō)會(huì)帶來(lái)自私的行為。B選項(xiàng)"睡眠越少越自私?"突出了中心,適合作本文標(biāo)題。故選B。
本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述了睡眠不足會(huì)導(dǎo)致自私的行為。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)。加州大學(xué)伯克利分校的研究人員進(jìn)行了三項(xiàng)研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)即使睡眠時(shí)間減少一小時(shí),也足以影響人們幫助他人的選擇。第一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在夏令時(shí)開(kāi)始后,慈善捐款下降了10%。第二項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),睡眠不足后,與理論思維相關(guān)的大腦區(qū)域活動(dòng)減少。第三項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),睡眠的數(shù)量和質(zhì)量都會(huì)影響情緒和社交行為。研究人員希望這些研究結(jié)果能幫助人們恢復(fù)充足的睡眠。
閱讀理解題測(cè)試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力,要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系,對(duì)未說(shuō)明的趨勢(shì)或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷;或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點(diǎn)理論,對(duì)文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋??忌紫纫屑?xì)閱讀短文,完整了解信息,準(zhǔn)確把握作者觀點(diǎn)。
16~20.【答案】B、F、E、G、A【解析】(1)聯(lián)系上文題。根據(jù)上文Ifyou'relookingforawaytobrightenupyourhome,considercreatinganindoorgarden.(如果你正在尋找一種方法來(lái)照亮你的家,考慮創(chuàng)建一個(gè)室內(nèi)花園)可知,本句針對(duì)上文的情況進(jìn)行設(shè)問(wèn)。故B選項(xiàng)"我們到底怎么做呢?"符合語(yǔ)境,故選B。
(2)聯(lián)系下文題。根據(jù)下文Ormaybesomethingthatdoesn'tneedmuchattentionoreffort?Onceyouhaveanideaofthetypeofplantyouwant,youcanstartnarrowingdownyouroptions.(或者是一些不需要太多關(guān)注和努力的事情?一旦你有了你想要的植物類型的想法,你就可以開(kāi)始縮小你的選擇范圍)可知,本句主要是針對(duì)想要種植的植物類型進(jìn)行設(shè)問(wèn)。故F選項(xiàng)"你想要開(kāi)花的東西嗎?"符合語(yǔ)境,故選F。
(3)聯(lián)系上文題。根據(jù)上文Makesuretogetapottingmixthatisspecificallydesignedforindoorplants.(一定要有專門為室內(nèi)植物設(shè)計(jì)的盆栽混合物)可知,本句承接上文說(shuō)明這么做的作用。故E選項(xiàng)"這將有助于你的植物長(zhǎng)得強(qiáng)壯"符合語(yǔ)境,故選E。
(4)語(yǔ)境銜接題。根據(jù)上文ChooseabrightlocationOnceyouhaveyourplantsandpots,it'stimetochoosealocationforyourindoorgarden.(選擇一個(gè)明亮的位置一旦你有了植物和花盆,是時(shí)候?yàn)槟愕氖覂?nèi)花園選擇一個(gè)位置了)以及下文Thiswillhelpyourplantsgrowandstayhealthy.Ifyoudon'thaveaspotthatgetsalotoflight,youcanalwaysuseartificiallightinglikegrowlights.(這將有助于你的植物生長(zhǎng)和保持健康。如果你沒(méi)有得到很多光線的地方,你可以使用人工照明,比如植物生長(zhǎng)燈)可知,本句主要說(shuō)明要給植物找一個(gè)光線充足的地方。故G選項(xiàng)"在家里找一個(gè)自然光充足的地方"符合語(yǔ)境,故選G。
(5)聯(lián)系下文題。根據(jù)下文Inadditiontowatering,you'llalsoneedtoaddsubstancetoyourplantsaboutonceamonth.Thiswillhelpthemgrowandstayhealthy.Justbesuretofollowtheinstructionsonthepackage.Don'toverdoit.(除了澆水,你還需要每月給你的植物添加一次物質(zhì)。這將幫助他們成長(zhǎng)和保持健康。一定要按照包裝上的說(shuō)明去做。不要做過(guò)頭了)可知,本段的主旨是每月要給植物施肥。故A選項(xiàng)"每月施肥"符合語(yǔ)境,故選A。
這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了建造一個(gè)室內(nèi)花園的方法。
七選五閱讀是完成性閱讀,和完形填空很類似,不同的是一個(gè)選詞,一個(gè)選句子。解題時(shí),要注意上下文語(yǔ)境,充分考慮信息詞(選項(xiàng)中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的詞),選出最符合語(yǔ)境的句子。
21~35.【答案】B、D、C、B、A、C、B、D、A、D、B、C、A、A、C【解析】(1)考查動(dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.dreamed做夢(mèng);B.concluded得出結(jié)論,斷定;C.guaranteed保證;D.regretted感到遺憾,后悔。根據(jù)上文"Tinaoftendiscussedwithherparentswhethertheyshouldgetapetdog."可知,Tina經(jīng)常和她的父母討論他們是否應(yīng)該養(yǎng)一只寵物狗,而父母最后總是得出結(jié)論Tina不適合養(yǎng)狗,故選B。
(2)考查動(dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.anticipate預(yù)見(jiàn),期望;B.investigate調(diào)查;C.distribute分配;D.afford買得起,負(fù)擔(dān)得起。根據(jù)"withtheirlowincome"可知,他們微薄的收入負(fù)擔(dān)不起獸醫(yī)和食物費(fèi)用,故選D。
(3)考查形容詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.disappointed失望的;B.energetic精力充沛的;C.defensive防御的,戒備的;D.delighted高興的。根據(jù)"apainfil
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