部編版九年級下冊語文7專題七-文言文知識梳理與閱讀課件

文言文知識梳理與閱讀專題七1提示：點(diǎn)擊進(jìn)入習(xí)題。一、文言文知識梳理234451234512341234512312312提示：點(diǎn)擊進(jìn)入習(xí)題。345二、文言文閱讀61．重點(diǎn)詞語解釋。(1)死亦我所惡_______________________________________(2)蹴爾而與之_______________________________________(3)二者不可得兼_____________________________________(4)如使人之所欲莫甚于生_____________________________一、文言文知識梳理(一)《魚我所欲也》??????討厭，憎恨。踩踏。同時(shí)占有。假使，假如。(5)此之謂失其本心__________________________________(6)賢者能勿喪耳____________________________________(7)故患有所不辟也__________________________________(8)乞人不屑也______________________________________?????本性。這里指人的羞惡之心。喪失。禍患，災(zāi)難。認(rèn)為不值得，表示輕視而不肯接受。2．通假字。(1)故患有所不辟也“______”同“______”，意為___________________________________。(2)萬鐘則不辯禮義而受之

“______”同“______”，意為__________________________________。(3)鄉(xiāng)為身死而不受“______”同“______”，意為___________________________________。(4)所識窮乏者得我與“______”同“______”，意為___________________________________?！癬_____”同“______”，意為___________________________________。辟避躲避辯辨辨別鄉(xiāng)向先前，從前得德感恩，感激與歟語氣詞3．一詞多義。(1)與：所識窮乏者得我與______________________________蹴爾而與之______________________________________(2)于：所欲有甚于生者_(dá)________________________________萬種于我何加焉__________________________________(3)而：呼爾而與之__________________________________由是則生而有不用也______________________________??????同“歟”，語氣詞。給。介詞，表示比較。介詞，引出動作的對象。連詞，表修飾。連詞，表轉(zhuǎn)折。4．古今異義詞。(1)一豆羹古義：______________________________________；今義：______________________________________。(2)萬鐘則不辯禮義而受之古義：______________________________________；今義：______________________________________。??古代盛食物的一種容器豆類植物，亦指這些植物的種子古代的一種量器計(jì)時(shí)器具(二)《唐雎不辱使命》1．重點(diǎn)詞語解釋。(1)寡人以五百里之地易安陵__________________________(2)大王加惠________________________________________(3)今吾以十倍之地，請廣于君________________________(4)非若是也________________________________________?????交換。施予恩惠。增廣、擴(kuò)充。這，這樣。(5)休祲降于天___________________________________(6)長跪而謝之曰_________________________________(7)寡人諭矣_____________________________________(8)徒以有先生也_________________________________????不祥。道歉。明白，懂得。只，僅僅。2．通假字。(1)故不錯意也“______”同“______”，意為________________________。(2)倉鷹擊于殿上“______”同“______”，意為________________________。錯措安置倉蒼青黑色3．一詞多義。(1)以：寡人欲以五百里之地易安陵___________________而君以五十里之地存者_(dá)______________________(2)使：秦王使人謂安陵君曰_________________________安陵君因使唐雎使于秦_______________________????用。憑借。派遣。出使。4．古今異義詞。(1)休祲降于天古義：________________；今義：________________。(2)秦王色撓古義：________________；今義：________________。(3)挺劍而起古義：________________；今義：________________。???吉祥休息屈服輕輕地抓拔硬而直5．詞類活用。(1)輕寡人與______________________________________(2)伏尸百萬，流血千里____________________________(3)天下縞素______________________________________????形容詞用作動詞，輕視。使動用法，使……伏。名詞作動詞，穿白色喪服。(三)《送東陽馬生序》1．重點(diǎn)詞語解釋。(1)余幼時(shí)即嗜學(xué)_____________________________________(2)無從致書以觀_____________________________________(3)不敢稍逾約_______________________________________(4)既加冠，益慕圣賢之道_____________________________(5)嘗趨百里外_______________________________________(6)俟其欣悅_________________________________________(7)父母歲有裘葛之遺_________________________________????????嗜好、愛好。得到。稍微、稍許。更加仰慕?？觳阶摺５却?。給予，贈送。2．通假字。(1)被綺繡“______”同“______”，意為________________________。(2)四支僵勁不能動“______”同“______”，意為________________________。(3)與之論辨“______”同“______”，意為________________________。3．一詞多義。至：色愈恭，禮愈至_____________________________至舍，四支僵勁不能動

______________________被披穿著支肢肢體辨辯辯駁周到。到。4．古今異義詞。(1)走送之古義：________________________________________________；今義：________________________________________________。(2)以是人多以書假余古義：________________________________________________；今義：________________________________________________。(3)窮冬烈風(fēng)古義：________________________________________________；今義：________________________________________________。???跑行走，走路借與“真”相對極貧窮，窮盡5．詞類活用。(1)腰白玉之環(huán)______________________________________(2)手自筆錄________________________________________??名詞作動詞，在腰間佩戴。名詞作狀語，用筆。(四)《曹劌論戰(zhàn)》1．重點(diǎn)詞語解釋。(1)又何間焉______________________________________(2)肉食者鄙______________________________________(3)弗敢專也______________________________________(4)必以信________________________________________(5)神弗福也______________________________________(6)雖不能察______________________________________??????參與。淺陋。這里指目光短淺。獨(dú)自享有。實(shí)情。賜福，保佑。明察。(7)公將馳之______________________________________________(8)夫大國，難測也________________________________________(9)懼有伏焉______________________________________________(10)望其旗靡_____________________________________________2．一詞多義。(1)故：公問其故__________________________________________彼竭我盈，故克之____________________________________(2)從：民弗從也__________________________________________戰(zhàn)則請從____________________________________________????????驅(qū)車追趕。推測，估計(jì)。埋伏。倒下。原因，緣故。所以。聽從。跟隨。3．古今異義詞。(1)犧牲玉帛古義：_________________________________________________；今義：_________________________________________________。(2)雖不能察古義：_________________________________________________；今義：_________________________________________________。(3)可以一戰(zhàn)古義：_________________________________________________；今義：_________________________________________________。(4)一鼓作氣，再而衰古義：_________________________________________________；今義：_________________________________________________。??????指祭祀用的純色全體牲畜為了正義的目的舍棄自己的生命即使雖然可以憑借表示可能或能夠第二次表示又一次4．詞類活用。(1)神弗福也________________________________________(2)公將鼓之________________________________________(五)《鄒忌諷齊王納諫》1．重點(diǎn)詞語解釋。(1)皆以美于徐公____________________________________(2)形貌昳麗________________________________________(3)鄒忌修八尺有余__________________________________?????名詞作動詞，賜福，保佑。名詞作動詞，擊鼓。認(rèn)為。光艷美麗。長，這里指身高。(4)何能及君也____________________________________(5)私我也________________________________________(6)聞寡人之耳者_(dá)_________________________________(7)王之蔽甚矣____________________________________(8)能謗譏于市朝__________________________________??????比得上。偏愛。使……聽到。蒙蔽，這里指所受的蒙蔽。指責(zé)譏刺。2．通假字。孰視之“______”同“______”，意為__________________________。3．一詞多義。(1)美：吾妻之美我者_(dá)________________________________徐公不若君之美也_____________________________(2)朝：朝服衣冠

_____________________________________于是入朝見威王_______________________________皆朝于齊_____________________________________?????孰熟仔細(xì)認(rèn)為……美。美麗。早晨。朝廷。朝見。4．古今異義詞。(1)今齊地方千里古義：___________________________________________；今義：___________________________________________。(2)宮婦左右莫不私王古義：___________________________________________；今義：___________________________________________。(3)窺鏡而自視古義：___________________________________________；今義：___________________________________________。?????土地方圓名詞，地點(diǎn)，處所君主左右的近侍之臣方位詞照偷偷地看(4)鄒忌諷齊王納諫古義：_____________________________________________；今義：_____________________________________________。5．詞類活用。(1)朝服衣冠______________________________________________________________________________________(2)吾妻之美我者_(dá)______________________________________(3)王之蔽甚矣_________________________________________?????諷諫，用含蓄的話委婉地規(guī)勸諷刺“朝”，名詞作狀語，在早上；“服”，名詞作動詞，穿戴。形容詞的意動用法，認(rèn)為……美。動詞作名詞，所受的蒙蔽。(六)《出師表》1．重點(diǎn)詞語解釋。(1)益州疲弊___________________________________________(2)危急存亡之秋_______________________________________(3)蓋追先帝之殊遇_____________________________________(4)引喻失義___________________________________________(5)性行淑均___________________________________________(6)斟酌損益___________________________________________(7)以彰其咎___________________________________________??????????人力疲憊，民生凋敝。時(shí)候。特殊的禮遇。不合道理。公正、公平。益處。揭示。2．古今異義詞。(1)開張圣聽古義：___________________________________________________；今義：___________________________________________________。(2)先帝不以臣卑鄙古義：___________________________________________________；今義：___________________________________________________。(3)未嘗不嘆息痛恨于桓、靈也古義：___________________________________________________；今義：___________________________________________________。3．詞類活用。(1)親賢臣_________________________________________________(2)以光先帝遺德___________________________________________????????擴(kuò)大指商店開始營業(yè)社會地位低微，見識短淺(語言、行為)惡劣不道德痛心、遺憾極端憎恨形容詞作動詞，親近。名詞作動詞，發(fā)揚(yáng)光大。二、文言文閱讀【甲】《魚我所欲也》(原文略)【乙】曾子(名參)衣①敝衣以耕。魯君使人往致邑②焉，曰：“請以此修③衣?！痹硬皇?。反，復(fù)往，又不受。使者曰：“先生非求于人，人則獻(xiàn)④之，奚⑤為不受？”曾子曰：“臣聞之，受人者畏人，予人者驕人?？v子有賜，不我驕也，我能勿畏乎？”終不受。孔子聞之，曰：“參之言足以全⑥其節(jié)也?！?選自《說苑》)【注釋】①衣：穿。②致邑：給一座城。③修：整治，治理，這里有“添置”的意思。④獻(xiàn)：奉獻(xiàn)，敬獻(xiàn)。⑤奚：為什么。⑥全：保全。1．解釋下列加點(diǎn)詞。