全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ)(第二版)綜合教程4-Unit-6-課件

DR_Text1OldFatherTimeBecomesaTerror

Onceuponatime,technology,wethought,wouldmakeourliveseasier.Machineswereexpectedtodoourworkforus,leavinguswithever-increasingquantitiesoftimetowasteawayonidlenessandpleasure.Butinsteadofliberatingus,technologyhasenslavedus.Innovationsareoccurringatabewilderingrate:asmanynowarriveinayearasoncearrivedinamillennium.Andaseachinventionarrives,iteatsfurtherintoourtime.RichardTomkinsDR_Text1OldFatherTimeBeDR_Text2Themotorcar,forexample,promisedunimaginablelevelsofpersonalmobility.Butnow,trafficincitiesmovesmoreslowlythanitdidinthedaysofthehorse-drawncarriage,andwewasteourlivesstuckintrafficjams.Theaircraftpromisednewhorizons,too.Thetroubleis,itdeliveredthem.Itsveryexistencecreatedademandfortime-consumingjourneysthatwewouldneverpreviouslyhavedreamedofundertaking—thetransatlanticshoppingexpedition,forexample,orthetriptoaconventionontheothersideoftheworld.DR_Text2ThemotorcarDR_Text3Inmostcases,technologyhasnotsavedtime,butenabledustodomorethings.Inthehome,washingmachinespromisedtofreewomenfromhavingtotoiloverthelaundry.Inreality,theyencouragedustochangeourclothesdailyinsteadofweekly,creatingseventimesasmuchwashingandironing.Similarly,theweeklybathhasbeenreplacedbythedailyshower,multiplyingthehoursspentonpersonalgrooming.DR_Text3InmostcaseDR_Text4Meanwhile,technologyhasnotonlyallowedworktospreadintoourleisuretime—thelaptop-on-the-beachsyndrome—butaddedthenewburdenofdealingwithfaxes,e-mailsandvoicemails.IthasalsoprovideduswiththeopportunitytospendhoursfixingsoftwareglitchesonourpersonalcomputersorfillingourheadswithuselessinformationfromtheInternet.Technologyapart,theInternetpointsthewaytoasecondreasonwhywefeelsotime-pressed:theinformationexplosion.DR_Text4Meanwhile,tDR_Text5Acoupleofcenturiesago,nearlyalltheworld’saccumulatedlearningcouldbecontainedintheheadsofafewphilosophers.Today,thoseheadscouldnothopetoaccommodatemorethanatinyfractionoftheinformationgeneratedinasingleday.News,factsandopinionspourinfromeverycorneroftheworld.Thetelevisionsetoffers150channels.TherearemillionsofInternetsites.Magazines,booksandCD-ROMsproliferate.DR_Text5AcoupleofceDR_Text6“Inthewholeworldofscholarship,therewereonlyahandfulofscientificjournalsinthe18thcentury,andthepublicationofabookwasanevent,”saysEdwardWilson,honorarycuratorinentomologyatHarvardUniversity’smuseumofcomparativezoology.“Now,Ifindmyselfsubscribingto60or70journalsormagazinesjusttokeepmeupwithwhatamountstoaminuteproportionoftheexpandingfrontiersofscholarship.”DR_Text6“InthewholDR_Text7Thereisanotherreasonforourincreasedtimestresslevels,too:risingprosperity.Asever-largerquantitiesofgoodsandservicesareproduced,theyhavetobeconsumed.Drivenonbyadvertising,wedoourbesttooblige:webuymore,travelmoreandplaymore,butwestruggletokeepup.SowesufferfromwhatWilsoncallsdiscontentwithsuperabundance—theconfusionofendlesschoice.Ofcourse,noteveryoneisoverstressed.“It’saconvenientshorthandtosaywe’realltime-starved,butwehavetorememberthatitonlyappliesto,say,halfthepopulation,”saysMichaelWillmott,directoroftheFutureFoundation,aLondonresearchcompany.DR_Text7ThereisanoDR_Text8“You’vegotpeopleretiringearly,you’vegottheunemployed,you’vegototherpeoplemaybeonlyperipherallyinvolvedintheeconomywhodon’thavethissituationatall.Ifyou’reunemployed,yourproblemisthatyou’vegottoomuchtime,nottoolittle.”P(pán)aulEdwards,chairmanoftheLondon-basedHenleyCentreforecastinggroup,pointsoutthatthefeelingofpressurescanalsobeexaggerated,orself-imposedimposed.“Everyonetalksaboutitsomuchthatabout50percentofunemployedorretiredpeoplewilltellyoutheyneverhaveenoughtimetogetthingsdone,”hesays.DR_Text8“You’vegotDR_Text9“It’salmostgottothepointwherethere’sstressenvy.Ifyou’renotstressed,you’renotsucceeding.Everyonewantstohavealittlebitofthisstresstoshowthey’reanimportantperson.”Thereisanotheraspecttoallofthistoo.Hour-by-hourlogskeptbythousandsofvolunteersoverthedecadeshaveshownthat,intheU.K.,workinghourshaverisenonlyslightlyinthelast10years,andintheU.S.,theyhaveactuallyfallen—evenforthoseinprofessionalandexecutivejobs,wheretheperceptionsofstressarehighest.DR_Text9“It’salmostDR_Text10IntheU.S.,JohnRobinson,professorofsociologyattheUniversityofMaryland,andGeoffreyGodbey,professorofleisurestudiesatPennStateUniversityfoundthat,sincethemid-1960s,theaverageAmericanhadgainedfivehoursaweekinfreetime—thatis,timeleftafterworking,sleeping,commuting,caringforchildrenanddoingthechores.

Thegains,however,wereunevenlydistributed.Thepeoplewhobenefitedthemostweresinglesandempty-nesters.Thosewhogainedtheleast—lessthananhour-wereworkingcoupleswithpre-schoolchildren,perhapsreflectingthetrendforparentstospendmoretimenurturingtheiroffspring.DR_Text10IntheU.S.DR_Text11Thereis,ofcourse,agenderissuehere,too.Advancesinhouseholdappliancesmayhaveencouragedwomentotakepayingjobs:butaswehavealreadynoted,technologydidnotendhouseholdchores.Asaresult,weseeappallinginequalitiesinthedistributionoffreetimebetweenthesexes.AccordingtotheHenleyCentre,workingfathersintheU.K.average48hoursoffreetimeaweek.Workingmothersget14.DR_Text11Thereis,oDR_Text12Inequalitiesapart,theperceptionofthetimefamineiswidespread,andhasprovoked

avarietyofreactions.Oneisanattempttogainthelargestpossibleamountofsatisfactionfromthesmallestpossibleinvestmentoftime.Peopletodaywantfastfood,soundbytesandinstantgratification.Andtheybecomeupsetwhentimeiswasted.DR_Text12InequalitiDR_Text13“Peopletalkaboutqualitytime.Theywantperfectmoments,”saystheHenleyCentre’sEdwards.“IfyoutakeyourkidstoamovieandMcDonald’sandit’snotperfect,you’vewastedanafternoon,andit’sasensethatyou’velostsomethingprecious.Ifyoulosesomemoneyyoucanearnsomemore,butifyouwastetimeyoucannevergetitback.”P(pán)eoplearealsotryingtobuytime.Anythingthathelpsstreamlineourlivesisagrowthmarket.OneexampleiswhatAmericanscallconciergeservices—domestichelp,childcare,gardeninganddecorating.Andon-lineretailersareseeingbigincreasesinsales—thoughnot,asyet,profits.DR_Text13“PeopletalDR_Text14Athirdreactiontotimefaminehasbeenthegrowthofthework-lifedebate.Youhearmoreaboutpeopletakingearlyretirementorgivinguphighpressurejobsinfavourofoccupationswithshorterworkinghours.AndbodiessuchasBritain’sNationalWork-LifeForumhavesprungup,urgingemployerstoendthelong-hourscultureamongmanagersandtoadoptfamily-friendlyworkingpolicies.Thetroublewithallthesereactionsisthatliberatingtime—whetherbymakingbetteruseofit,buyingitfromothersorreducingtheamountspentatwork—isfutileifthehoursgainedareimmediatelydivertedtootherpurposes.DR_Text14AthirdreaDR_Text15

AsGodbeypointsout,thestresswefeelarisesnotfromashortageoftime,butfromthesurfeitofthingswetrytocramintoit.“It’sthekidinthecandystore,”hesays.“There’sjustsomanygoodgoodthingstodo.Thearrayofchoicesisstunning.Ourfreetimeisincreasing,butnotasfastasoursenseofthenecessary.”Amoresuccessfulremedymaylieinunderstandingtheproblemratherthanevadingit.DR_Text15AsGodbeyDR_Text16Beforetheindustrialrevolution,peoplelivedinsmallcommunitieswithlimitedcommunications.Withintheconfinesoftheirvillage,theycouldreasonablyexpecttoknoweverythingthatwastobeknown,seeeverythingthatwastobeseen,anddoeverythingthatwastobedone.Today,beingcuriousbynature,wearestilltryingtodothesame.Buttheglobalvillageisaworldoflimitlesspossibilities,andwecanneverachieveouraim.DR_Text16BeforetheDR_Text17Itisnotmoretimeweneed:itisfewerdesires.Weneedtoswitchoffthecell-phoneandleavethechildrentoplaybythemselves.Weneedtobuyless,readlessandtravelless.Weneedtosetboundariesforourselves,orbedoomedtomountingdespair.DR_Text17ItisnotmDR_S_Thetroubleis…Thetroubleis,itdeliveredthem.Whatdo“deliver”and“them”herereferto?“Deliver”meanstoprovideortobring,“them”hererefersto“horizons”.2.Whatdoes“trouble”imply?Itimpliestheunfavorableeffectoftheinventionofaircraft,thatis,people,drivenonbynewhorizons,wouldliketospendmoretimeontime-consumingjourneys.

DR_S_Thetroubleis…TheDR_S_Now…Now,Ifindmyselfsubscribingto60or70journalsormagazinesjusttokeepmeupwithwhatamountstoaminuteproportionoftheexpandingfrontiersofscholarship.1.Paraphrase“theexpandingfrontiersofscholarship”.theever-advancingdevelopmentinthenewfieldofacademy2.Whatisthepurposefortheauthortoquotethissentence?Thepurposeistogiveusamorevividpictureabouttheinformationexplosion.DR_S_Now…Now,IfindmyseDR_S_Sowesufferfrom…SowesufferfromwhatWilsoncallsdiscontentwithsuperabundance—stheconfusionofendlesschoice.1.Whatdoes“superabundance”referto?Itreferstotheaquantityofgoodsandservices.2.Whatcanweinferfromthesentence?Thequantityofgoodsandservicesistoomuch,itisendless,andwhat’smore,itincreasesourtimestresslevels.DR_S_Sowesufferfrom…SoDR_S_It’salmost…It’salmostgottothepointwherethere’sstressenvy.1.Whatdoes“stressenvy”mean?Ifyouarenotstressed,thatshowsyouarenotverysuccessful.2.Whydoestheauthormentionthe“stressenvy”?Tomakehisargumentcomprehensiveandmoreconvincing,theauthorrevealedthefactthatnoteveryoneisoverstressedthough50percentofunemployedorretiredpeopletellyoutheyneverhaveenoughtimetogetthingsdone.3.TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.這幾乎到了羨慕壓力的程度。DR_S_It’salmost…It’salDR_S_Thegains…Thegains,however,wereunevenlydistributed.1.Whatdoes“thegains”referto?“Thegains”referstothefivehoursaweekAmericanshadgainedastheirfreetime.2.TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.但增加的時(shí)間分配得并不均勻。DR_S_Thegains…ThegainsDR_S_Asaresult…1.Whatdoes“appalling”mean?“Appalling”means“amazing,surprising”.2.Whatcanwelearnfromthesentence?Theadvancesinhouseholdapplianceshaven’tsetwomenfreefromhouseholdchores.Asaresult,weseeappallinginequalitiesinthedistributionoffreetimebetweenthesexes.DR_S_Asaresult…1.WhatDR_S_Oneisanattempt…Oneisanattempttogainthelargestpossibleamountofsatisfactionfromthesmallestpossibleinvestmentoftime.1.Paraphrasethesentence.Onereactionistryingtoobtainthelargestpossiblequantitiesofcontentbyconsumingtimeaslittleaspossible.2.Giveafewexamplesofthisreaction.Peopletodaywantfastfood,soundbytesandinstantgratification.Andtheybecomeupsetwhentimeiswasted.DR_S_Oneisanattempt…OnDR_S_Anythingthat…Anythingthathelpsstreamlineourlivesisagrowthmarket.2.Whyisit“agrowthmarket”?Becausepeoplearetryingtobuytimeandyoucandefinitelygainprofitstohelpthem“save”time.1.TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.任何能幫助我們提高生活效率的事物都有越做越大的市場(chǎng)。DR_S_Anythingthat…AnythDR_S_AsGodbey…AsGodbeypointsout,thestresswefeelarisesnotfromashortageoftime,butfromthesurfeitofthingswetrytocramintoit.Wearenotlackingintime.Actuallyitisourever-increasingdesiresthatmakeusfeeltime-starved.

Paraphrasethepartofthesentenceafter“pointout”.DR_S_AsGodbey…AsGodbeyDR_word_quantitiesofquantitiesof:alargeamountofThekeytostayinghealthyandstrongwhenbackpacking(挑運(yùn))istoeatlargequantitiesofenergy-richfoods.在寒冷的冬天，大部分動(dòng)物必須通過(guò)吃大量的食物來(lái)獲得維持正常生命活動(dòng)的能量。Incoldweathermostanimalsmusteatlargequantitiesoffoodtoobtaintheenergyneededtocarryonnormalbodyactivities.Collocation:

alargequantityof大量的DR_word_quantitiesofquanDR_word_eatintoeatinto:graduallyreducetheamountof(sth.valuable);damageordestroyAcideatsintothemetal,damagingitssurface.Hisextravagancesateintohisinheritances.Collocation:

eatoutof吃光…DR_word_eatintoeatinto:DR_word_inrealityinreality:inactualfact;reallyHebecamethatcountry’srulerbothinnameandreality.Somefamousprivateschoolsaretheoreticallyopentothepublic,butinrealityareattendedbythosewhocanaffordthefees.

Collocation:acceptreality承認(rèn)事實(shí)denyreality否認(rèn)事實(shí)facereality面對(duì)事實(shí)DR_word_inrealityinreaDR_word_

multiply1multiply:v.1)increaseinnumberorquantityFearmultipliesthedifficultiesoflife.我們可以將高乘以寬以求出面積。Wecouldmultiplytheheightbythewidthtodeterminethearea.Inafewminutespeopleinthesquaremultipliedintothousands.2)addanumbertoitselfaparticularnumberoftimesMultiplyinglargequantitiesinone’sheadhasbecomealostartsincethearrivalofthecalculator.DR_word_multiply1multiplyDR_word_

multiply2multiply常指自然生殖或同類(lèi)事物的不斷重復(fù)而造成的增

加，也可以指大幅度或成倍的增加。例如：increase是最普通的用語(yǔ)，表示通過(guò)增加數(shù)量或自然增大而在數(shù)目、規(guī)模、分量、程度等方面的增長(zhǎng)，常含有遞進(jìn)性或按比例增加之意。例如：兩國(guó)間的貿(mào)易額每年都在遞增。multiply,increase&add這幾個(gè)詞都是動(dòng)詞，都有“增加”、“增大”之意。CF:Rabbitsmultiplyrapidly.兔子繁殖很快。Thevolumeoftradebetweenthetwocountrieshasbeenincreasingeachyear.DR_word_multiply2multiplyDR_word_

multiply3add主要指通過(guò)添加而導(dǎo)致在數(shù)量、大小、重要性方面的增加。add

常與介詞to連用。例如：這些事實(shí)綜合起來(lái)，構(gòu)成了一個(gè)無(wú)可爭(zhēng)辯的理由。Thatwasaddingfueltothefire.這正是火上加油。Thefactsaddedtogethertobuildupanindisputabletheory.DR_word_multiply3add主要指DR_word_pourinMessagesofcongratulationcamepouringin.pourin:gointoaplacequicklyandinlargenumbersManyfootballfanspouredintothestadiumtohavealookattheirfavoritefootballplayers.Collocation:pourdown沿…流下pourfrom從…流下pourinto流進(jìn)DR_word_pourinMessagesofDR_word_comparativeSomesociologistshavecarriedoutlarge-scalehistorical-comparativestudies.comparative:adj.involvingcomparisonorcomparingEthologyisascienceconcernedwiththecomparativestudyofanimalbehavior.DR_word_comparativeSomesDR_word_amounttoIn1959thecombinedvalueofU.S.importsandexportsamountedtolessthan9percentofthecountry’sgrossdomesticproducts.amountto:beequalto;addupto這就等于要把整件事重做一遍。Thisamountstodoingthewholethingoveragain.DR_word_amounttoIn1959tDR_word_minute1Aminuteexaminationrevealedsmallflecks(斑點(diǎn))ofbloodonthecoat.minute:adj.verysmallinsizeoramountThekitchenisminute,withbarelyroomfortwopeopletoturnaround.minute

意思是“很小的”、“細(xì)微的”，在本組詞中算是“最小的”。small

指大小、重量、數(shù)量、規(guī)模、力量、重要性等方面“小的”、“少的”。minute,small&little這幾個(gè)詞都是形容詞，都有“小的”之意。CF:DR_word_minute1AminuteexDR_word_minute2little

沒(méi)有真正的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)，它經(jīng)常暗示所談及的人、物小得可愛(ài)。而small就沒(méi)有這種含義，它多表示比較，是相對(duì)而言的。Fillintheblankswiththefollowingwords.minute,small&little1.Heisaman,onlyonepointfivemeterstall.2.Hiswritingis.3.Whatanicegarden!4.Thereisabirdinthetree.5.Thereareparticlesofgolddustontheground.6.Youmadeoneortwomistakes.small_____small_____minute______minute______little_____little_____DR_word_minute2little沒(méi)有真DR_word_frontier1Toopenupthespacefrontier,NASA(NationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration)(（美國(guó)）國(guó)家航空和宇宙航行局)willtrytolowerthecostofaccesstoEarthorbit.frontier:n.(usu.pl)extremelimitofanareaofknowledgeoraparticularactivitythefrontiersofmedicine2)borderbetweentwocountriesDR_word_frontier1ToopenuDR_word_frontier2MountQomolangma,thehighestmountainintheworld,withaheightof8,848m(29,035ft),risesintheHimalayasonthefrontierofNepal(尼泊爾)andChina.瑞典的邊界與挪威、芬蘭相連。SwedenhasfrontierswithNorwayandFinland.DR_word_frontier2MountQoDR_word_stress1stress:1)n.pressureorworryresultingfrommentalorphysicaldistress,difficultcircumstances,etc.(followedbyon)Populationgrowthandpollutionplaceenormousstressontheworld’ssupplyofusablewater.他的壓力很大因?yàn)樗墓ぷ魈嗔?。Heisunderstressbecausehehastoomuchworktodo.2)vt.putstress,pressure,orstrainonApersonwhoisstressedtypicallyhasanxiousthoughtsanddifficultyconcentratingorremembering.DR_word_stress1stress:PopDR_word_stress2ImuststressthatwhatIsayisconfidential.Collocation:lay/put/placestresson/upon著重于，把重點(diǎn)放在…上DR_word_stress2ImuststreDR_word_prosperityprosperity:n.

stateofbeingeconomicallysuccessful;stateofbeingsuccessfulorrichWarbringsnoprosperitytothegreatmassofordinarycitizens.Somepeoplearguethatglobalizationwillbringtheprosperitysofarenjoyedonlybywealthyindustrializednationstothedevelopingcountries.DR_word_prosperityprosperiDR_word_oblige1oblige:1.vt.

1)do(someone)afavorPleaseobligemebyleavingmealone.請(qǐng)給我一根火柴，好嗎？Couldyouobligemewithamatch?2)force(someonetodosomething)(usu.usedinthepassivevoice)Incertaincountriesthelawobligesparentstosendtheirchildrentoschool.DR_word_oblige1oblige:PleaDR_word_oblige2請(qǐng)唱支歌，好嗎？Willyouobligewithasong?Hefeltobligedtoleaveaftersuchanunpleasantargument.2.vi.politetodo(someone)afavorWearehappytooblige.Collocation:obligeby答應(yīng)做…使?jié)M足obligewith以…使?jié)M足DR_word_oblige2請(qǐng)唱支歌，好嗎？WilDR_word_abundance1abundance:n.

quantitythatismorethanenough;plentyMostmilkconsistsofanabundanceofthemajornutrientsneededbythebodyforgoodhealth.Shehadanabundanceofveryblackhair.Collocation:anabundanceof大量的inabundance富有Bythemid-15thcenturypaperwasavailableinabundance.DR_word_abundance1abundancDR_word_abundance2alifeofabundance富裕的生活ofabundance富裕的abundance常指數(shù)量很多，超過(guò)需要。例如：plenty

指數(shù)量很多，超過(guò)期望。例如：abundance,plenty&profusion這三個(gè)詞都是名詞，都有“大量”之意。CF:Atthefeasttherewasfoodanddrinkinabundance.宴會(huì)上有大量的食物和飲料。Theoccasionwascelebratedwithplentyoffestivities.歡度那個(gè)節(jié)日舉行了許多慶祝活動(dòng)。DR_word_abundance2alifeoprofusion指數(shù)量很大，并含有過(guò)多之意。例如：DR_word_abundance3SeldomhaveIseenfoodanddrinkservedinsuchprofusion.我很少見(jiàn)過(guò)供應(yīng)這樣豐富的食物和飲料。profusion指數(shù)量很大，并含有過(guò)多之意。例如：DDR_word_confusionconfusion:n.

bewildermentorembarrassmentThereisstillconfusionaboutthenumberofcasualties.為了避免混淆，各隊(duì)穿了不同顏色的衣服。Toavoidconfusion,theteamsworedifferentcolors.DR_word_confusionconfusionDR_word_forecast1forecast:n.

1.v.tellinadvance;predictThemeansofforecastingnaturaldisasters,suchasfloodsandhurricanes,haveimprovedimmenselyasscienceandtechnologyhaveadvanced.MayitturnoutasIforecasted?2.n.astatementoffutureevents,basedonsomekindofknowledgeorjudgementThenewspaper’sforecastthatthesenator(議員)wouldbeelectedagainwasright.Didyoulistentotheweatherforecastontheradio?DR_word_forecast1forecast:DR_word_forecast2Expertshaveforecastanupturninthestockmarket.專(zhuān)家們預(yù)測(cè)證券市場(chǎng)行情看漲。forecast指根據(jù)已知可能的發(fā)展進(jìn)程或?qū)?lái)的情況作

出大概的預(yù)測(cè)，尤適用于天氣預(yù)報(bào)．例如：forecast,foretell&predict這幾個(gè)詞都是動(dòng)詞，均有“預(yù)言”、“預(yù)示”、“預(yù)告”之意。CF:Theweathermanwasunabletoforecasttheweathermorethanthreedaysinadvance.氣象員不能預(yù)報(bào)出三天以后的天氣情況。DR_word_forecast2ExpertsDR_word_forecast3Heforetellseventsformtheflightsofbirds.他能從鳥(niǎo)的飛行來(lái)預(yù)測(cè)事件。foretell

是普通用語(yǔ)，原帶有迷信色彩，表示預(yù)言注定的命運(yùn)，但現(xiàn)在這種色彩逐漸消失，主語(yǔ)可以是人或物。例如：Whocanforetellwhatwillhappen?誰(shuí)能預(yù)言將會(huì)發(fā)生什么事呢？DR_word_forecast3HeforetDR_word_forecast4Whocanpredicthowtheelectionswillturnout?誰(shuí)能預(yù)測(cè)選舉的結(jié)果將會(huì)怎樣？predict較為正式，語(yǔ)氣比f(wàn)orecast強(qiáng)烈，指從已知事實(shí)

推斷或根據(jù)自然定律斷定未來(lái)的事情，其準(zhǔn)確度

不一，可以和foretell互換，但主語(yǔ)只能是人。

例如：DR_word_forecast4WhocanDR_word_volunteervolunteer:1.n.personwhoofferstodosth.withoutbeingcompelledorpaidSomestudentsservedasvolunteerstohelptheoldanddisabledinthecommunityintheirsparetime.2.

v.offerone’sservicesorhelpwithoutpaymentWhenWorldWarTwobrokeout,hevolunteeredfortheMarineCorps.二戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)時(shí)，他以志愿兵身份參加海軍陸戰(zhàn)隊(duì)。Thecharityagencywillrecruit(征募)volunteerstobuildaffordablehousingforthepoor.Hevolunteeredtodowhateverhecouldforthem.DR_word_volunteervolunteerDR_word_perceptionperception:n.

wayofseeingorunderstandingsth.;abilitytonoticeandunderstandthingsAesthetics(美學(xué))isabranchofphilosophyconcernedwiththeessenceandperceptionofbeautyandugliness.Hisperceptionisverygood.DR_word_perceptionperceptiDR_word_nurture1nurture:vt.

careforandeducate(achild);encouragethegrowthof(sth.);nourishParentswanttoknowthebestwaytonurtureandraisetheirchildtoadulthood.Thelocalgovernmenthastakenmeasurestonurturethestate-runfactories.nurture

表示在幼兒、幼苗的成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中予以細(xì)心照料、保護(hù)。nurture,feed&supply這幾個(gè)詞都是動(dòng)詞，都有“供養(yǎng)”之意。CF:DR_word_nurture1nurture:vDR_word_nurture2Fillintheblankswiththefollowingwordsandchangetheformwherenecessary.feed

不僅表示喂養(yǎng)人、動(dòng)物，實(shí)際上有時(shí)表示喂入嘴中，還表示給植物提供養(yǎng)分。廣義上，它指為任何人或物提供所需外來(lái)養(yǎng)分。supply

表示供給所需物品。nurture,feed&supplyThefarmer’swifecattleandsheepeverymorning.2.Thegovernmentfreebookstoschools.feeds_____supplies_______DR_word_nurture2FillinthDR_word_nurture3nurture,feed&supply3.Thesearetheplantsinthegreenhouse.4.Wewanttothenewproject,notdestroyit.5.Hehasalargefamilyto.6.HekeptmewellwithcupsofcoffeewhileIwrotethereport.nurture_______nurtured________feed_____supplied_______DR_word_nurture3nurture,fDR_word_distributiondistribution:n.thewayinwhichpeople,buildings,etc.arearrangedoveralargeareaThestudyofanimaldistributioniscalledzoogeography.Enterasurname(lastname)intotheformbelowandyou’llgetamapoftheUnitedStatesshowingthedistributionofpeoplewiththissurname.2)theactofgivingthingstoalargegroupofpeopleordeliveringgoodstocompaniesDistributionofthegoodsishandledbylocalcompanies.thedistributionofmailCollocation:normaldistribution正態(tài)分布DR_word_distributiondistriDR_word_faminefamine:n.(instanceof)extremescarcityoffoodinaregionToeliminatefamineandreducemalnutrition,attentionneedstofocusnotonlyonfoodproductionbutalsoonfooddistribution,consumption,andfamilyplanning.世界上有些地區(qū)經(jīng)常遭受饑荒。Somepartsoftheworldsufferregularlyfromfamine.DR_word_faminefamine:n.DR_word_widespreadwidespread:adj.foundordistributedoveralargeareaThelandscapeoftheAmericanWestwasdramaticallyalteredduringthe20thcenturyasaresultofthewidespreadconstructionofdamsalongmajorrivers.Therewasawidespreadbeliefthatthenewspaperhadnottoldthetruth.DR_word_widespreadwidespreDR_word_provoke1provoke:vt.cause(sth.)tooccurorarouse(afeeling,etc.)People’sconcernovergeneticallymodifiedfoodhasprovokedaglobaldebatethatshowsnosignofendingsoon.TheyarguedthatNATOenlargementcouldprovokeRussianhostilityandleadtoregionalinstability.provoke

意思是“激怒”、“惹怒”、“致使”、“迫使”，尤指某事或話語(yǔ)使某人或某物生氣、發(fā)怒而使其采取行動(dòng)。例如：provoke,arouse&awaken這幾個(gè)詞都是動(dòng)詞，都有“引起”、“致使…反應(yīng)”之意。CF:DR_word_provoke1provoke:vDR_word_provoke2Ifyouprovokethedog,itwillattackyou.如果你去招惹那條狗，它會(huì)咬你。Hisimpudenceprovokedherintoslappinghisface.他的魯莽氣得她打了他一耳光。arouse

意思是“引起”、“喚醒”，動(dòng)作的意味較弱，表示使某人從睡眠狀態(tài)中醒來(lái)或鼓勵(lì)某人由不積極狀態(tài)變?yōu)榉e極狀態(tài)。例如：Mymotherarousedmefromsleep.我母親把我從睡夢(mèng)中喚醒了。DR_word_provoke2IfyouproDR_word_provoke3Ofalltheplanets,Marsalwaysarousesthegreatestcuriosity.在所有的行星中，火星一直引起人們最大的好奇心。Theoppressedpeopleareawakeningeverywhere.各地被壓迫的人民在覺(jué)醒。awaken

常出現(xiàn)在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，意思是“被喚醒”，一般用在較正式的場(chǎng)合；它還常用在比喻中，意思是

“覺(jué)醒”。例如：Hewasawakenedbythesingingofbirdsinthetrees.他被林中鳥(niǎo)兒的鳴叫聲驚醒了。Collocation:provokesb.todosth.挑動(dòng)某人做某事DR_word_provoke3OfalltheDR_word_avarietyofavarietyof:alotofaparticulartypeof(thingsthataredifferentfromeachother)Thecollegelibraryhasawidevarietyofbooks.Chinahasagreatvarietyofmineralresources.DR_word_avarietyofavariDR_word_streamlinestreamline:vt.make(sth.)moreefficientandeffectiveCorporatemergerscanresultinjoblossesbecausemanagementcombinesandstreamlinesdepartmentswithinthenewlymergedcompanies.他們把賽車(chē)改成流線型，以使它行駛得更快。Theystreamlinedtheracingcarsothatitmovedevenfaster.DR_word_streamlinestreamliDR_word_domesticdomestic:adj.

1)ofthehome,householdorfamilyThecatisadomesticanimalinmanycountries.Policeandhospitalrecordsindicatethat