【課件】Unit+4+Discover+useful+structures+課件人教版（2019）選擇性必修第二冊(cè)+課

Participleasadverbial

Unit4JourneyAcrossaVastLand

1.過去分詞作表語與被動(dòng)語態(tài)的差異Iwassurprisedatthenews.(系表)Iwasbroughtupbymyaunt.(被動(dòng))被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示動(dòng)作,強(qiáng)調(diào)被動(dòng)關(guān)系,絕大多數(shù)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的行為執(zhí)行者可以由by引出。作表語用的過去分詞表示主語的特點(diǎn)或所處的狀態(tài),這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的過去分詞前可加quite、very、rather等修飾詞。done作表語用法歸納Heisterrifying.(指他令人害怕)Heisterrified.(指他感到害怕)Pleasedescribeadogthatisfrightened.(狗受到了驚嚇)Pleasedescribeadogthatisfrightening.(狗是令人害怕的)當(dāng)表示主語處于某種狀態(tài),即“感到/覺得……”時(shí),表語要使用過去分詞;而要表示主語具有“令人/使別人感到……”的特征/性質(zhì)時(shí),表語使用過去分詞2.過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞作表語的區(qū)別done作表語用法歸納2.過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞作表語的區(qū)別done作表語【practice】his____________(frighten)look/facialexpressionGoingintothewildernessalonecanbe__________（frighten）.Doyoufeel___________（frighten)whengoingintothewildernessalone?frightenedfrightenedfrightening區(qū)別表示情感意義的ing分詞和ed分詞1.現(xiàn)在分詞(V-ing)和過去分詞(V-ed)作表語用法：①現(xiàn)在分詞作表語表示主語的特征(令人/使別人感到……)。②過去分詞作表語表示主語的狀態(tài)或者主觀心理感受。注意：很多作表語的現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞都變成了形容詞,

和系動(dòng)詞

(be,seem,remain,feel,look等)連用，或者用作定語修飾名詞例句：Themusicismuch

(please)totheear.Iamvery

(please)tohelpyou.pleasingpleased3.Thestoryisvery_______(move),andweweredeeply_______(move).4.Goingintothewildernessalonecanbe__________（frighten）.5.Doyoufeel___________（frighten)whengoingintothewildernessalone?Hiseyesopenedwidewitha_________(frighten)look.

TheyoungNBAbasketballkingJamesis

_______(marry)Sheseemedtotally_______(absorb)inherbook.movingfrightenedfrighteningmovedfrightenedmarriedabsorbed過去分詞(短語)作狀語

（一）Seenfromthetopofthehill,theschoollookslikeabiggarden.Givenmoreattention,thefirecouldhavebeenavoided.Encouragedbytheteacher,thegirlwasveryhappy.Leftaloneathome,Jennydidn’tfeelafraidatall.done作狀語用法歸納過去分詞作狀語時(shí),其表示的動(dòng)作與句子的主語之間為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系。過去分詞在句中可以作時(shí)間狀語

、原因狀語、條件狀語、讓步狀語、伴隨狀語或方式狀語。1.Theteachercameintotheclassroom,followedbytwostudents.2.Havingbeendiscussedseveraltimes,thedecisionwasn’tmadeyet.3.Havingfinishedhishomework,hebegantowatchTV.

4.Workinghardatyourlessons,youwillsucceed.5.Beingrepairednow,thiscomputercan’tbeused.Completethesentenceswithappropriateconjunctions.Theteachercameintotheclassroom,andwasfollowedbytwostudents.Although

ithadbeendiscussedseveraltimes,thedecisionwasn’t…After

hehadfinishedhishomework,hebegantowatchTV.

If

youworkhardatyourlessons,youwillsucceed.Becauseitisrepairednow,thiscomputercan’tbeused.方式/伴隨讓步時(shí)間條件原因6.Hisfatherdied,leavinghimalotofmoney.結(jié)果Hisfatherdied,and

lefthimalotofmoney./whichlefthim...Moretimegiventous,weshouldhavedonethejobmuchbetter.如果給我們更多的時(shí)間,我們會(huì)把工作做得更好。過去分詞(短語)作狀語

（二）當(dāng)過去分詞的邏輯主語與句子主語不一致時(shí),可以保留其邏輯主語。我們稱這種帶邏輯主語的分詞結(jié)構(gòu)為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。用法歸納done作狀語1.Thetextfinished,webeganourholiday.2.Weatherpermitting,wecangooutforapicnic.Moreexamples:Thetextwasfinished,sowebeganourholiday.Ifweatherpermits,wecangooutforapicnic.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：有自己的邏輯主語，可表示時(shí)間，原因，條件等。Eg:Thepoormanlaythere.Hishandsweretrembling.Thepoormanlaythere,hishandstrembling.Whengivenamedicalexamination,youshouldkeepcalm.Iwon’tattendhisbirthdaypartyunlessinvited.過去分詞(短語)作狀語

（三）過去分詞作狀語有時(shí)可以根據(jù)需要在前面加上相應(yīng)的連詞,構(gòu)成“連詞+過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。常用的連詞有if、unless、when、as、once、evenif/though、asif/though、though/although等。用法歸納done作狀語Consolidation:2.______(give)moretime,wecoulddoitmuchbetter.GivenConsolidation:2.當(dāng)你從山頂看的時(shí)候，這個(gè)公園看上去很美。_______________________________________，theparklooksbeautiful.SeenfromthetopofthemountainSatisfiedwiththeresultoftheexam,herparentsboughtherthisgift.Occupiedinwritinghisnovel,hehasnotimetogooutsideandswimwithhisfriends.過去分詞(短語)作狀語

（四）有些過去分詞短語作狀語時(shí)側(cè)重描述主語所處的狀態(tài),這些過去分詞短語源于系表結(jié)構(gòu)。常見的有:absorbedin、focusedon、concentratedon、engagedin/on、buriedin、occupiedin/with等。用法歸納done作狀語Seenfromthesky,ourcityisverybeautiful.(ourcity與see之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系)Seeingitfromthesky,wefindourcityisverybeautiful.(we與see之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系)過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語的區(qū)別分詞在句子中作狀語時(shí),分詞的邏輯主語與句子的主語一致。使用哪種分詞,取決于分詞表示的動(dòng)作與句子主語之間的關(guān)系:被動(dòng)關(guān)系用過去分詞,主動(dòng)關(guān)系用現(xiàn)在分詞。用法歸納done作狀語語法研析練①Seenfromthehilltheparklooksverybeautiful.

②Seeingthesceneryfromthetopofthemountain,(=WhenIsee

the

scenery

fromthetopofthe…),

Iwasfascinatedbytheautumncolors..

⑴過去分詞做狀語，相當(dāng)于由when,while,until等連詞引導(dǎo)的________從句。時(shí)間狀語被動(dòng)主動(dòng)3.現(xiàn)在分詞(V-ing)和過去分詞(V-ed)作狀語(=Whenitisseenfromthehill),【practice】1.Ifwe______________(give)moretime,wecouldhavedonethejobmuchbetter.2._______(give)moretime,wecouldhavedonethejobmuchbetter.3.If_______(give)moretime,wecouldhavedonethejobmuchbetter.4.Ifmoretime____________(give),wecouldhavedonethejobmuchbetter.5.Moretime______(give),wecouldhavedonethejobmuchbetter.done作狀語weregivenweregivenGivengivengiven【practice】1.________(see)fromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.

2._______(see)thesceneryfromthetopofthemountain,

Iwasfascinatedbytheautumncolors...3._________(see)thefantasticscenery,Igotupearlyat6a.m..done作狀語SeenSeeingToseeOncediscovered,themistakesmustbecorrected.Ifgiventhesametreatmentagain,heissuretogetwell.連詞特別提醒1.有時(shí)過去分詞做狀語，前面可加______用以強(qiáng)調(diào)或補(bǔ)全句意，常用的連詞有：when,once,if,though,although,unless.2.過去分詞(短語)作狀語時(shí)，過去分詞(短語)的邏輯主語通常是句子的主語，否則，分詞(短語)前應(yīng)加上自己的主語。這種帶有自身主語的過去分詞(短語)被稱為過去分詞(短語)的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。過去分詞(短語)的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)通常在句中作狀語，可表示時(shí)間、原因、條件等。>Thetest

（finish)，webeganourholiday.>Theboylayonhisback，hishands

(cross)underhishead.>Muchtime

(spend)sittingatadesk，officeworkersaregenerallytroubledbyhealthproblems.>Themanlaythere,hishands.(tremble)特別提醒finishedcrossed

spenttremblingThewindraisedthefallenleavesfromtheground.Peoplegotwaterbydroppingabuckettiedtoarope.usedbooksaretiredteacherdone作定語過去分詞作定語作定語時(shí),過去分詞表示的動(dòng)作與被修飾詞之間一般為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。單個(gè)的過去分詞作定語,一般放在被修飾詞的前面,過去分詞短語作定語,一般放在被修飾詞的后面。及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞表示被動(dòng)和完成,不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞不表示被動(dòng),只表示