(中英)希拉里在聯(lián)合國第四屆婦女大會上的演講

（中英）希拉里在聯(lián)合國第四屆婦女大會上的演講Mrs.Mongella,UnderSecretaryKittani,distinguisheddelegatesandguests:IwouldliketothanktheSecretaryGeneralforinvitingmetobeapartoftheUnitedNationsFourthWorldConferenceofWomen.Thisistrulyacelebration--acelebrationofthecontributionswomenmakeineveryaspectoflife:inthehome,onthejob,intheircommunities,asmothers,wives,sisters,daughters,learners,workers,citizensandleaders.Itisalsoacomingtogether,muchofthewaywomencometogethereverdayineverycountry.Wecometogetherinfieldsandfactories.invillagemarketsandsupermarkets.inlivingroomsandboardrooms.這也是一次聚會，如同每個國家的婦女每天都在發(fā)生的聚會。我們在田野和工廠里聚會。我們在鄉(xiāng)村市場和超級市場里聚會。我們在起居室和會議室里聚會。Whetheritiswhileplayingwithourchildreninthepark,orwashingclothesinariver,ortakingabreakattheofficewatercooler,wecometogetherandtalkaboutouraspirationsandconcern.Andtimeagain,ourtalkturnstoourchildrenandourfamilies.Howeverdifferentwemaybe,thereisfarmorethatunitesusthandividesus.Weshareacommonfuture,andareheretofindcommongroundsothatwemayhelpbringnewdignityandrespecttowomenandgirlsallovertheworld.Andissodoingthis,webringnewstrengthandstabilitytofamiliesaswell.無論是和孩子們在公司園玩耍，或是在河水中洗衣，還是在公司飲水處的小憩，我們聚在一起，談著我們的渴望和關(guān)注。一次又一次，我們的話題轉(zhuǎn)到孩子與家庭。無論我們之間可能會是多么地不同，但共同之處總要比不同之處多得多。我們分享著一個共同的未來，來到這里尋找共同的土壤以使我們可能幫助世界各地的婦女和女孩們贏得嶄新的尊嚴(yán)與尊敬。這個工作，也使我們給家庭帶去新的活力與穩(wěn)定。BygatheringinBeijing,wearefocusingworldattentiononissuesthatmattermostinthelivesofwomenandtheirfamilies:accesstoeducation,healthcare,jobsandcredit,thechancetoenjoybasiclegalandhumanrightsandparticipatefullyinthepoliticallifeoftheircountries.我們聚會在北京，令世界的焦點(diǎn)關(guān)注于婦女和家庭：涉及到教育、衛(wèi)生保健、工作、信用、享受基本法律與人權(quán)以及在她們的國家中完全參與政治生活的的機(jī)會等等。Therearesomewhoquestionthereasonforthisconference.Letthemlistentothevoicesofwomenintheirhomes,neighborhoods,andworkplaces.Therearesomewhowonderwhetherthelivesofwomenandgirlsmattertoeconomicandpoliticalprogressaroundtheglobe.LetthemlookatthewomengatheredhereandatHuairou--thehomemakers,nurses,teachers,lawyers,policymakers,andwomenwhoruntheirownbusinesses.總有些人置疑這次大會的必要性。讓他們聽聽來自他們家中的、鄰里的和工作中的婦女的聲音吧！總有些人懷疑婦女和女孩們的生活對于世界經(jīng)濟(jì)與政治進(jìn)步是否重要。讓他們來看看聚集在這里和懷柔的婦女吧，她們中有家庭主婦、護(hù)士、教師、律師、政策制定者和生意界里的婦女。Itisconferenceslikethisthatcompelgovernmentsandpeopleeverywheretolisten,lookandfacetheworld'smostpressingproblems.Wasn'titafterthewomen'sconferenceinNairobitenyearsagothattheworldfocusedforthefirsttimeonthecrisisofdomesticviolence?Earliertoday,IparticipatedinaWorldHealthOrganizationforum,wheregovernmentofficials,NGOs,andindividualcitizensareworkingonwaystoaddressthehealthproblemsofwomenandgirls.Tomorrow,IwillattendagatheringoftheUnitedNationsDevelopmentFundforWomen.There,thediscussionwillfocusonlocal--andhighlysuccessful--programsthatgivehard-workingwomenaccesstocreditsotheycanimprovetheirownlivesandthelivesoftheirfamilies.這樣的大會迫使各國政府與各地民眾傾聽、注意并面對世界最緊要的問題。十年前在內(nèi)羅畢的婦女大會之后，整個世界不是才第一次關(guān)注到家庭暴力的危機(jī)嗎？今天早上，我參加了世界衛(wèi)生組織論壇，會上政府官員們、非政府組織和個體民眾們致力于解決婦女和女孩們的健康問題的工作方案。明天，我將參加一個為婦女設(shè)立聯(lián)合國發(fā)展基金的會議。會上將集中討論本地的一個非常成功的計(jì)劃，該計(jì)劃是為那些工作努力的婦女們提供賒購，使她們能夠改善自己的和家庭的生活。Whatwearelearningaroundtheworldisthatifwomenarehealthyandeducated,theirfamilieswillflourish.Ifwomenarefreefromviolence,theirfamilieswillflourish.Ifwomenhaveachancetoworkandearnasfullandequalpartnersinsociety,theirfamilieswillflourish.Andwhenfamiliesflourish,communitiesandnationswillflourish.Thatiswhyeverywoman,everyman,everychild,everyfamily,andeverynationonourplanethasastakeinthediscussionthattakesplacehere.我們從世界各地學(xué)到的是，如果婦女是健康的、受過教育的，她們的家庭會興旺；如果婦女遠(yuǎn)離了暴力，她們的家庭會興旺。如果婦女有機(jī)會工作并在社會中完全平等地獲得報(bào)酬，她們的家庭會興旺。而家庭興旺了，社會與國家將會興旺。這就是為什么每個婦女、每個男人、每個孩子、每個家庭以及地球上的每個國家都應(yīng)該關(guān)心這里所發(fā)生的討論。Overthepast25years,Ihaveworkedpersistentlyonissuesrelatingtowomen,children,andfamilies.Overthepasttwo-and-ahalfyears,Ihavehadtheopportunitytolearnmoreaboutthechallengesfacingwomeninmyowncountryandaroundtheworld.在過去的25年里，我一直致力于有關(guān)婦女、兒童和家庭的問題。在過去的兩年半里，我有機(jī)會學(xué)到了更多的我的國家和世界上的婦女面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。IhavemetnewmothersinJojakartaandIndonesia,whocometogetherregularlyintheirvillagetodiscussnutrition,familyplanning,andbabycare.IhavemetworkingparentsinDenmarkwhotalkaboutthecomforttheyfeelinknowingthattheirchildrencanbecaredforincreative,safe,andnurturingafter-schoolcenters.IhavemetwomeninSouthAfricawhohelpedleadthestruggletoendapartheidandarenowhelpingbuildanewdemocracy.我在Jojakarta和印尼會見了一些初為人母的婦女，她們經(jīng)常地在她們的村子里聚會，一起討論有關(guān)營養(yǎng)、計(jì)劃生育和嬰兒護(hù)理的問題。我在丹麥會見了一些又職工父母們，他們談到他們了解了孩子們在校外的寄托中心里被以有創(chuàng)造性、安全而有營養(yǎng)的方式照顧時感到的欣慰。我在南非會見了一些經(jīng)引導(dǎo)后為終止各族隔離而斗爭的婦女，她們現(xiàn)在正在幫助構(gòu)建新的民主政治。IhavemetwiththeleadingwomenoftheWesternHemispherewhoareworkingeverydaytopromoteliteracyandbetterhealthcareforthechildrenoftheircountries.IhavemetwomeninIndiaandBangladeshwhoaretakingoutsmallloanstobuymilkcows,rickshaws,threadandothermaterialstocreatealivelihoodforthemselvesandtheirfamilies.IhavemetdoctorsandnursesinBelarusandUkrainewhoaretryingtokeepchildrenaliveintheaftermathofChernobyl.我見到了西半球的主流婦女們，她們每天都致力于為她們的國家推廣掃盲和更好的兒童健康護(hù)理的工作。我在印度和孟加拉見到了一些婦女，她們通過小額貸款買奶牛、人力車、細(xì)絲和其它原料，為她們自己和她們的家庭創(chuàng)造出一條出路。我在白俄羅斯和烏克蘭見到了一些婦女，她們嘗試讓受到切爾諾貝利核污染的孩子們活下來。ThegreatchallengeofthisConferenceistogivevoicetowomeneverywherewhoseexperiencesgounnoticed,whosewordsgounheard.Womencomprisemorethanhalftheword'spopulation.Womenare70%oftheworld'spoor,andtwo-thirdsofthosearenottaughttoreadandwrite.Womenaretheprimarycaretakersformostoftheworld'schildrenandelderly.Yetmuchoftheworkwedoisnotvalued--notbyeconomists,notbyhistorians,notbypopularculture,notbygovernmentleaders.這次大會的偉大的挑戰(zhàn)就是給予各國婦女們說話的機(jī)會，她們的經(jīng)驗(yàn)曾經(jīng)被忽視，她們的話從沒被聽到。婦女占到了世界人口總數(shù)的一半以上。婦女中有70%是窮人，其中的三分之二沒有學(xué)習(xí)過讀書和寫字。婦女是世界上的兒童和老人們最主要的監(jiān)護(hù)人。但是我們所做的大多數(shù)工作沒有被重視過――沒有被經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家、被歷史學(xué)家、被流行文化和政府領(lǐng)袖們重視過。Atthisverymoment,aswesithere,womenaroundtheworldaregivingbirth,raisingchildren,cookingmeals,washingclothes,cleaninghouses,plantingcrops,workingonassemblylines,runningcompanies,andrunningcountries.Womenalsoaredyingfromdiseasesthatshouldhavebeenpreventedortreated.Theyarewatchingtheirchildrensuccumbtomalnutritioncausedbypovertyandeconomicdeprivation.Theyarebeingdeniedtherighttogotoschoolbytheirownfathersandbrothers.Theyarebeingforcedintoprostitution,andtheyarebeingbarredfromthebandlendingofficeandbannedfromtheballotbox.就在此刻，我們是坐在這里，而世界上的婦女們卻正在生孩子、養(yǎng)育孩子、做飯、洗衣、打掃房間、種植莊稼、在生產(chǎn)線上工作、經(jīng)營公司和經(jīng)營國家。也有的婦女因疾病而瀕臨死亡，她們本應(yīng)該獲得預(yù)防和治療。她們眼睜睜看著自己的孩子由于貧困和經(jīng)濟(jì)剝奪而營養(yǎng)不良。她們被父兄剝奪上學(xué)的權(quán)利。她們被迫賣淫。她們也無權(quán)獲得貸款和參與選舉。Thoseofuswhohavetheopportunitytobeherehavetheresponsibilitytospeakforthosewhocouldnot.AsanAmerican,Iwanttospeakupforthosewomeninmyowncountry—womenwhoareraisingchildrenontheminimumwage,womenwhocan'taffordhealthcareorchildcare,womenwhoselivesarethreatenedbyviolence,includingviolenceintheirownhomes.Iwanttospeakupformotherswhoarefightingforgoodschools,safeneighborhoods,cleanair,andcleanairwaves;forolderwomen,someofthemwidows,whohaveraisedtheirfamiliesandnowfindtheirskillsandlifeexperiencesarenotvaluedintheworkplace;forwomenwhoareworkingallnightasnurses,hotelclerks,andfastfoodcookssothattheycanbeathomeduringthedaywiththeirkids;andforwomeneverywherewhosimplydon'thavetimetodoeverythingtheyarecalledupontodoeachday.我們這些有機(jī)會來到這里的人有責(zé)任為那些沒有機(jī)會來的人說話。作為一個美國人，我想為我們國家的婦女說話一一婦女們僅靠最低的薪水撫養(yǎng)孩子，婦女們負(fù)擔(dān)不了健康護(hù)理和兒童護(hù)理，婦女們的生活受到暴力威脅，包括強(qiáng)暴和家庭暴力。我要為那些爭取好學(xué)校、安全的鄰里、清潔的空氣和干凈的電視節(jié)目的母親們說話；為年老的婦女們說話，她們當(dāng)中有些是寡婦，支撐著家庭而現(xiàn)在發(fā)現(xiàn)她們的技能和生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)在工作中不那么有價值了；為整夜工作的婦女說話，比如護(hù)士、酒店服務(wù)生和快餐店的廚師，以使她們可以白天留在家里陪孩子；還要為各地的婦女說話，她們只是沒有時間去做每天都必須應(yīng)付的事情。Speakingtoyoutoday,Ispeakforthem,justaseachofusspeaksforwomenaroundtheworldwhoaredeniedthechancetogotoschool,orseeadoctor,orownproperty,orhaveasayaboutthedirectionoftheirlives,simplybecausetheyarewomen.Thetruthisthatmostwomenaroundtheworldworkbothinsideandoutsidethehome,usuallybynecessity.Weneedtounderstandthatthereisnoformulaforhowwomenshouldleadtheirlives.Thatiswhywemustrespectthechoicesthateachwomanmakesforherselfandherfamily.EverywomandeservesthechancetorealizeherownGod-givenpotential.今天我在這里講演，象其他人一樣為世界上的婦女們說話。只是由于她們是婦女，就被剝奪了上學(xué)的機(jī)會，看病的權(quán)利，或者私人財(cái)產(chǎn)，以及說一說她們的生活狀況的機(jī)會。事實(shí)就是世界上大多數(shù)婦女必須家里家外地工作。我們應(yīng)該理解根本就沒有一定的定律，使婦女們應(yīng)該如何發(fā)展她們的生活。這就是我們?yōu)槭裁磻?yīng)該尊重每個婦女為她自己和家庭所做的選擇。每個婦女應(yīng)當(dāng)有機(jī)會實(shí)現(xiàn)她的天生潛能。Wealsomustrecognizethatwomenwillnevergainfulldignityuntiltheirhumanrightsarerespectedandprotected.OurgoalsforthisConference,tostrengthenfamiliesandsocietiesbyempoweringwomentotakegreatercontrolovertheirdestinies,cannotbefullyachievedunlessallgovernments--hereandaroundtheworld--accepttheirresponsibilitytoprotectandpromoteinternationallyrecognizedhumanrights.Theinternationalcommunityhaslongacknowledged--andrecentlyaffirmedatVienna--thatbothwomenandmenareentitledtoarangeofprotectionsandpersonalfreedoms,fromtherightofpersonalsecuritytotherighttodeterminefreelythenumberandspacingofthechildrentheybear.我們也應(yīng)該認(rèn)識到如果婦女們的人權(quán)得不到尊重和保護(hù)，她們就永遠(yuǎn)得不到完全的尊嚴(yán)。這次大會的目的，是通過使婦女對命運(yùn)更多的掌握來鞏固家庭和社會，這是無法徹底地實(shí)現(xiàn)的，除非所有的政府一一這里的和世界上其它的，承認(rèn)他們的保護(hù)和促進(jìn)國際間公認(rèn)的人權(quán)的責(zé)任。國際社會一直熱切地期望――并且最近已在維也那確認(rèn)了――婦女和男人對保護(hù)的范圍和個人自由都擁有權(quán)力，從自身安全的權(quán)利到自由地決定他們所負(fù)擔(dān)的孩子的數(shù)量和間隔的權(quán)利。Nooneshouldbeforcedtoremainsilentforfearofreligiousorpoliticalpersecution,arrest,abuseortorture.Tragically,womenaremostoftentheoneswhosehumanrightsareviolated.Eveninthelate20thcentury,therapeofwomencontinuestobeusedasaninstrumentofarmedconflict.Womenandchildrenmakeupalargemajorityoftheworld'srefugees.Whenwomenareexcludedfromthepoliticalprocess,theybecomeevenmorevulnerabletoabuse.任何人都不應(yīng)該出于對宗教的恐懼、對政治迫害的恐懼，對拘捕、虐待或折磨的恐懼而被迫保持沉默。可悲的是，婦女正是最經(jīng)常地被侵犯人權(quán)的一群人。甚至在20世紀(jì)的晚期，強(qiáng)奸婦女仍然是武裝沖突中的手段之一。婦女和兒童在世界上的難民中占大多數(shù)。當(dāng)婦女被排除在政治進(jìn)步之外時，她們更容易成為被虐待的對象。Ibelievethat,ontheeveofanewmillennium,itistimetobreakoursilence.ItistimeforustosayhereinBejing,andtheworldtohear,thatitisnolongeracceptabletodiscusswomen'srightsasseparatefromhumanrights.Theseabuseshavecontinuedbecause,fortoolong,thehistoryofwomenhasbeenahistoryofsilence.Eventoday,therearethosewhoaretryingtosilenceourwords.ThevoicesofthisconferenceandofthewomenatHuairoumustbeheardloudandclear:我相信，在這新千禧年的前夜，就是我們打破沉默的時候。是我們在北京這兒說出，也是全世界都在傾聽的時候一一再也不能接受把婦女的權(quán)利隔離在人權(quán)之外的討論了。這些陋習(xí)之所以延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，是因?yàn)橐呀?jīng)太久了，婦女的歷史就是沉默的歷史。甚至今天，仍然有人試圖使我們保持緘默。這次大會和懷柔的婦女的聲音必須被大聲而清楚地聽到：Itisaviolationofhumanrightswhenbabiesaredeniedfood,ordrowned,orsuffocated,ortheirspinesbroken,simplybecausetheyareborngirls.Itisaviolationofhumanrightswhenwomanandgirlsaresoldintotheslaveryofprostitution.Itisaviolationofhumanrightswhenwomenaredousedwithgasoline,setonfireandburnedtodeathbecausetheirmarriagedowriesaredeemedtoosmall.Itisaviolationofhumanrightswhenindividualwomenarerapedintheirowncommunitiesandwhenthousandsofwomenaresubjectedtorapeasatacticorprizeofwar.Itisaviolationofhumanrightswhenaleadingcauseofdeathworldwidealongwomenages14to44istheviolencetheyaresubjectedtointheirownhomes.Itisaviolationofhumanrightswhenwomenaredeniedtherighttoplantheirownfamilies,andthatincludesbeingforcedtohaveabortionsorbeingsterilizedagainsttheirwill.只因生下來是個女孩，就被絕食、溺死、被悶死或折斷脊梁，這是對人權(quán)的違背。婦女和女孩被賣作賣淫的奴隸，這是對人權(quán)的違背。由于嫁妝太少，婦女被澆上汽油，點(diǎn)火燒死，這是對人權(quán)的違背。當(dāng)單身婦女在自己的社會里被強(qiáng)奸和大批婦女因戰(zhàn)爭的一種策略或獎賞而被集體強(qiáng)奸，這是對人權(quán)的踐踏。當(dāng)14歲至44歲的婦女在自己家中死亡的主要原因是家庭暴力時，這是對人權(quán)的踐踏。當(dāng)婦女被剝奪計(jì)劃生育的權(quán)利，包括被強(qiáng)制流產(chǎn)或絕育時，這是對人權(quán)的踐踏。Ifthereisonemessagethatechoesforthfromthisconference,itisthathumanrightsarewomen'srights--andwomen'srightsarehumanrights.Letusnotforgetthatamongthoserightsaretherighttospeakfreely--andtherighttobeheard.Womenmustenjoytherighttoparticipatefullyinthesocialandpoliticallivesoftheircountriesifwewantfreedomanddemocracytothriveandendure.Itisindefensiblethatmanywomeninnongovernmentalorganizationswhowishedtoparticipateinthisconferencehavenotbeenabletoattend--orhavebeenprohibitedfromfullytakingpart.Letmebeclear.Freedommeanstherightofpeopletoassemble,organizeanddebateopenly.Itmeansrespectingtheviewsofthosewhomaydisagreewiththeviewsoftheirgovernments.Itmeansnottakingcitizensawayfromtheirlovedonesandjailingthem,mistreatingthem,ordenyingthemtheirfreedomordignitybecauseofthepeacefulexpressionoftheirideasandopinions.如果這次大會里能夠有一個信息向外部傳遞，那就是人類的權(quán)力就是婦女的權(quán)利――婦女的權(quán)利也是人類的權(quán)利。我們不要忘記在那些權(quán)利中的言論自由的權(quán)利和被聽到的權(quán)利。如果我們希望自由和民主得以興旺和長久，婦女們就必需享受到在自己的國家里完全參與社會和政治生活的權(quán)利。勿庸置疑，有許多想來參加這次大會的非政府組織的婦女沒能來參加或者是完全被禁止參加的。讓我來更清楚地說明。自由意味著人民能夠公開地聚會，組織和辯論的權(quán)利。這意味著尊重那些可能是反對政府觀點(diǎn)的意見。這意味著不能因?yàn)橛行┕窈推降乇磉_(dá)了他們的意見和觀點(diǎn)就把他們從愛他們的人身邊帶走、監(jiān)禁他們、虐待他們或者剝奪他們的自由和尊嚴(yán)。Inmycountry,werecentlycelebratedthe75thanniversaryofwomen'ssuffrage.Ittook150yearsafterthesigningofourDeclarationofIndependenceforwomentowintherighttovote.Ittook72yearsoforganizedstruggleonthepartofmanycourageouswomenandmen.ItwasoneofAmerica'smostdivisivephilosophicalwars.Butitwasalsoabloodlesswar.Suffragewasachievedwithoutashotbeingfired.Wehavealsobeenreminded,inV-JDayobservanceslastweekend,ofthegoodthatcomeswhenmenandwomenjointogethertocombattheforcesoftyrannyandbuildabetterworld.Wehaveseenpeaceprevailinmostplacesforahalfcentury.Wehaveavoidedanotherworldwar.Butwehavenotsolvedolder,deeply-rootedproblemsthatcontinuetodiminishthepotentialofhalftheworld'spopulation.在我的國家里，我們最近剛剛慶祝了婦女選舉權(quán)的第75周年。在我們的獨(dú)立宣言簽署了150年之后，婦女們才贏得了投票權(quán)。這是在工會組織下許多勇敢的男人和婦女共同進(jìn)行了72年的斗爭。這是美國最有爭議的哲學(xué)戰(zhàn)爭。但這是一次沒有流血的戰(zhàn)爭。沒有發(fā)生一聲槍響，婦女的選舉權(quán)就實(shí)現(xiàn)了。在上星期的日本宣布投降日的紀(jì)念中，也提醒了我們幸福是來自于男人和女人聯(lián)合起來反抗暴政并建立一個更美好的世界的戰(zhàn)斗。半個世紀(jì)以來，我們已經(jīng)在大多數(shù)地方看到了和平勝利。我